USING MALIC ACID SOLUTIONS FOR THE HYDRATION OF VEGETABLE OILS AND LECITHIN PRODUCTION

Author(s):  
Л.А. МАРЧЕНКО ◽  
Т.Н. БОКОВИКОВА ◽  
Е.В. ЛИСОВАЯ ◽  
С.А. ИЛЬИНОВА ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА

Исследована возможность применения яблочной кислоты (ЯК) в качестве гидратирующего агента для перевода негидратируемых форм фосфолипидов в гидратируемые. Выбор ЯК обусловлен ее стоимостью, которая в 1,5 раза меньше стоимости янтарной кислоты, широко применяемой в качестве гидратирующего агента, а также большей доступностью с точки зрения промышленного производства. Исследование процесса комплексообразования и определение состава комплексных соединений ЯК с ионами кальция и магния осуществляли методом потенциометрического титрования. Установлено, что внесение в раствор ЯК ионов кальция и магния приводит к снижению значений рН, что свидетельствует о наличии комплексообразования в указанных системах. Наиболее устойчивыми являются комплексы ионов кальция и магния с непротонированным лигандом при соотношении Ме2 : лиганд 1 : 1. В процессе комплексообразования ионы Ca2 и Mg2 вытесняют протоны только карбоксильных групп ЯК, которая с ионами кальция образует более устойчивые комплексы, чем с ионами магния. Показано, что устойчивость комплексов ЯК с ионами кальция и магния значительно выше, чем устойчивость комплексов фосфатидилсеринов и фосфатидных кислот с указанными ионами. Использование водных растворов ЯК в качестве гидратирующего агента позволит повысить эффективность процесса гидратации и увеличить выход фосфолипидов и, следовательно, готового продукта лецитина. The possibility of using malic acid (MA) as a hydrating agent for converting non-hydrated forms of phospholipids into hydrated ones has been investigated. The choice of MA is due to its cost, which is 1,5 times less than the cost of succinic acid, as well as greater availability from the point of view of industrial production. The study of the complexation process and determination of the composition of complex compounds of MA with calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by the method of potentiometric titration. It was found that the introduction of calcium and magnesium ions into the MA solution leads to a decrease in pH values, which indicates the presence of complexation in these systems. Complexes of calcium and magnesium ions with an unprotected ligand at a ratio of ME2 : ligand 1 : 1 are the most stable. In the process of complexing, Ca2 and Mg2 ions displace protons only of the carboxyl groups of MA, which forms more stable complexes with calcium ions than with magnesium ions. It is shown that the stability of MA complexes with calcium and magnesium ions is significantly higher than the stability of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid complexes with these ions. Using water solutions of MA as a hydrating agent will increase the efficiency of the hydration process and increase the yield of phospholipids and, consequently, the finished product lecithin.

Author(s):  
Aurica Pop ◽  

The paper showcases research conducted with the purpose of determining the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the drinking water (fountain water) of a common household located in Dumbravita, Maramures County, Romania. The photometric method was used for this goal, as well as a Calcium and Magnesium Photometer. This study argues about implementing cost efficient techniques and precise analysis in order to determine Ca and Mg ions in the water samples.


1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1000-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Seargeant ◽  
R. A. Stinson

Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a number of physiologically important phosphoesters by purified human liver alkaline phosphatase have been determined. The enzyme was studied at pH values of 7.0 to 10.0. The affinity of the enzyme for the compounds was determined by competition experiments and by their direct employment as substrates. Phosphodiesters and phosphonates were not hydrolysed but the latter were inhibitors. Calcium and magnesium ions inhibited the hydrolysis of ATP and PP1 and evidence is presented to show that the metal complexes of these substrates are not hydrolysed by alkaline phosphatase. A calcium-stimulated ATPase activity could not be demonstrated for the purified enzyme or the enzyme in the presence of a calcium-dependent regulator protein. Nevertheless, the influence of magnesium and calcium ions on the ATPase activity of alkaline phosphatase means that precautions must be taken when assaying for Ca2+-ATPase in the presence of alkaline phosphatase.The low substrate Km values and the hydrolysis which occurs at pH 7.4 mean that the enzyme could have a significant phosphohydrolytic role. However, liver cell phosphate concentrations, if accessible to the enzyme, are sufficient to strongly inhibit this activity.


1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Koseki ◽  
Iwao Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuko Yasuno ◽  
Shuzo Ogino ◽  
Yuko Tsuda ◽  
...  

Abstract The recovery of organic acids: citric, tartaric, fumaric, succinic, and malic, was examined by liquid chromatography in the presence of calcium, magnesium, or aluminum ions. Calcium and magnesium ions, i.e., ions of valence +2, did not interfere in determinations of the organic acids examined here. These organic acids could be determined without interference from aluminum ion by pH adjustment of the solutions to pH 2.


2020 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Lokarev ◽  
Eleonora Stepanova ◽  
Marina Ogay ◽  
Elena Kovtun ◽  
Yuriy Morozov ◽  
...  

The purpose was to determine content of the main active components — macro- and microelements — in thermal water, in the intermediate product (concentrate) and in the dosage form (spray). Determining the saturation of the dosage form with active components was the purpose as well. Materials and methods. Thermal water from the Nizhne-Paratunskiye springs of Kamchatka, concentrate from this water, composition with a concentrate of thermal water in the form of spray were used. Determination of the content of calcium and magnesium ions was carried out by titrimetric method on the basis of forming a complex compound with Trilon B. Validation of the used methods was carried out. Its repeatability was evaluated within one day to determine the precision of the technique. The intra- and inter-assay precision of the validated method was also evaluated. Solutions containing calcium and magnesium ions in concentrations of 80–120 % from the declared amount were prepared to determine linearity of the methods. Results. The content of magnesium and calcium ions in the raw material (3.63 and 284.41 mg/l, respectively), the intermediate product — concentrate (35.38 and 2723.00 mg/l) and the finished form — spray (11 and 778 mg/l) was determined. Conclusion. As a result of studies based on the determination of the content of macro- and microelements in the spray, concentrate, dosage form, it was found that it is possible to achieve an increase in the content of the trace elements in thermal water, thanks to its 10-fold concentration, which will reduce the cost of transportation. Using the concentrate it is possible to achieve the required salt concentration in the finished product. The developed spray has a complex of auxiliary substances that provide the required consistency of the composition, easily releases hydrothermal water, is chemically indifferent, compatible with salts, absorbs liquid well, is easily removed from the application site, leaves no traces.


2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Choucair ◽  
V. Laporte ◽  
R. Levy ◽  
C. Tranchant ◽  
J.-P. Gies ◽  
...  

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