DOPAMINE, AND ITS EFFECT ON THE HUMAN BRAIN

In this article, we look at how dopamine acts on our body, and what positive and negative can be seen behind dopamine. Of course, such an important hormone deserves much more careful consideration. Dopamine is responsible for motivation in our body. But do not think that "this is why I am so lazy - dopamine is not enough," no you are lazy simply, because lazy or there is no need to strain. Dopamine is produced behind the "motivation," and not in front of it. Because there is no desire - then there is no dopamine. There is a desire - here is dopamine to help, just act. Yes, people are different, someone can naturally have an overpriced background of dopamine, impulsive people who 5 minutes ago decided to buy a mobile phone and are already calling the store, even if they do not need it. But the vast majority live stably and smoothly and strain, there is no need to try. The association of a lack of dopamine with Parkinson's disease was established by Gornikevich using a fairly simple color reaction. However, the role of dopamine as a neurotransmitter was revealed by another scientist - Arvid Karlsson (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2000). Before him, dopamine was considered only a precursor to noradrenaline, and not a signalling substance. It was in Karlsson's experiments with reserpine that a direct connection was established between the level of dopamine and motor functions. With the development of biochemistry and molecular biology, it became possible to study in more detail the functions of this neurotransmitter. From his role in coordinating movements to explaining the actions of some antipsychotics and psychostimulants. Also, many researchers consider metabolic disorders of this neurotransmitter as one of the causes of schizophrenia, i.e., there is a "dopamine theory of schizophrenia."

A novel method for evaluating the slurry coating characteristics of sized yarns based on the starch-iodine color reaction principle and image processing

The slurry coating characteristics of sized yarns directly impact warp weavability. Due to the damage to sized films, the conventional methods of detecting sized-yarn coating characteristics have drawbacks of low efficiency and poor repeatability. A novel detecting method of slurry coating characteristics was proposed based on image processing. Through the starch-iodine color reaction principle, a self-made dynamic image acquisition device was developed in this paper, in which the apparent images of starch-based sized yarns after color reaction were captured consecutively. The slurry coating percentage ( SCP), slurry coating depth ( SCD) and slurry coating unevenness ( SCU), respectively reflecting the sizing coating integrity, sizing coating thickness and thickness unevenness, were extracted by image processing. The effects of experimental parameters, including immersion time and concentration of I2-KI solution, on slurry coating characteristics were analyzed, and central composite design was adopted to optimize the stability of the test system. Sized yarns commonly used in textile mills were characterized by the proposed method. The experimental results indicated that immersion time of 3.56 min and I2-KI concentration of 0.11‱ (‱ represents that the mass of the solute is one ten-thousandth of solution) led to the optimal stability of slurry coating characteristics (the CV of SCP, CV of SCD and CV of SCU were 3.32%, 5.56% and 9.37%, respectively). The much lower CV of the proposed method compared with conventional ones confirmed that the method was useful for evaluating slurry coating characteristics.

DEVELOPMENT OF PAPER-BASED COLOR TEST-STRIP FOR PARACETAMOL DETECTION IN JAMU

Chemical medicine which are synthetic chemicals or isolation products must not be added to herbal medicine, that was standared by Indonesian Head of the Drug and Food Control Agency in statement regarding Criteria and Procedure for Registration of Traditional Medicines, Standardized Herbal Medicines, and Phytofarmaka. This study aims to develope prototype of paper-based color test-strip to identify paracetamol trace in several types of Indonesian herbal medicine, better known as Jamu. Research conducted with experimental research wich make paper test-strip prototype by immobilizing reagents into Whatman’s filter paper, then it used to identify paracetamol in extracted Jamu samples. The paracetamol qualitative test uses 10 Jamu samples that distributed in Samarinda area. were also carried out on. Comparison methode with qualitative color reaction tests using specific reagents in the laboratory were also carried out beside the paper-based color test-strip methode. In addition with positive control tests using 5000 ppm paracetamol solution to make sure both methode used are valid. The results of this study showed that two prototype paper-based color test-strips containing 10% iron (III) chloride reagent and folin ciocalteu were able to detect the presence of paracetamol chemicals in Jamu samples with color reaction.

Analisa Kualitatif Kandungan Merkuri dalam Sediaan Pemutih Kulit yang Dijual di Online Shop

Background: Mercury (Hg) is used illegally in cosmetics as a whitening or skin lightening agent because of its ability to inhibit melanin formation on the surface of the skin. Mercury can make white skin smooth in a relatively short time, but this substance has a negative effect on health because it can accumulate in the body. This is because mercury that enters the human body is not easily excreted. This mercury can accumulate in the human body especially in the kidney, liver and brain organs.Objective: This study is aimed to find out whether mercury is sold in skin whitening product by Online Shop.Methods: This research was a descriptive study by using the color reaction test method. The samples in this study were 6 samples taken from the Online Shop. The sampling technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. The procedure of the color reaction test was the sample is weighed 2 grams and then added 25 ml of mineral water and 10 ml of mineral water, then evaporated until it was almost dry. At the last evaporation added 10 ml mineral water. Then it was heated for a while, cooled and filtered. The next step on Potassium Iodide was 0.5 N 1 ml of sample solution put into a test tube and then add 2 drops of Potassium Iodide slowly through the tube wall, if there was a change in the color of orange with precipitate, then the positive reaction contains mercury.Results: This study showed that the six samples of non-facial skin whitening products which is sold in the Online Shop obtained three positive samples containing mercury, due to an orange discoloration with sediment and three samples containing negative mercury.Conclusion: There were three positive samples containing mercury marked by an orange discoloration in skin whitening purchased by Online Shop.Keywords: Mercury, Skin whitening products, Color reactions.

Uji Aktivitas Tabir Surya Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Batang Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Secara In Vitro

ABSTRACT Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) is a plant that is usually useful as a shade tree on the side of the road, which is thought to have the potential with sunscreen activity. This study aim to determine sunscreen activity of the bark based on %Te, %Tp and SPF values ​​in vitro. The extraction was done by maceration using methanol solvent, and then phytochemical screening by color reaction test that showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and terpenoid. Sunscreen activity and SPF values ​​were determined by measuring the absorbance of extracts with several variations of concentration, using spectrophotometer. The results showed the best concentration for the sunscreen category was 700 ppm. Based on the value of %Te and %Tp, including standard suntan and sunblock categories. While based on the SPF value >15 shows that methanol extract is included in the category of ultra protection.