Empirical Models for the Correlations Between Total Ozone Column and Latitude in different regions in IRAQ: النماذج الرياضية لعلاقات الارتباط بين طول عمود الأوزون وخط العرض في مناطق مختلفة من العراق

This Research aimed at find a correlation between Total Ozone Column (TOC) and Latitude in different regions in Iraq using several Mathematical Models. Models were used for that [Linear Models, Quadratic Models, Exponential Models, Logarithmic Models, Power Models]. Several statistical tests [R2, R, MAE, RMSE] were used to control the validation and goodness of these Models. Quadratic Model gave the highest R2 among the other models in all stations. R2 obtained between (TOC) & Latitude in Winter & Spring months were very high and ranged between (0.953 – 0. 976). Summer months show a good correlation in June & July and week correlation in August. In Autumn months a good correlation was obtained in October & November and week correlation was obtained in September. The highest R2 means that there is a highly significance correlations between Total Ozone Column and Latitude. This mean that these Models gave a very good results to estimate (TOC) from Latitude.

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Comparison between some meteorological elements measured by ECMWF and Earth stations in different regions in Iraq

EUREKA Physics and Engineering ◽

10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001941 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-49

Author(s):

Rajaa A. Basheer ◽

Dr. Waleed I. AL-Rijabo

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Weather Forecasting ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Absolute Error ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Power Models ◽

Political Economic ◽

Meteorological Elements ◽

Quadratic Models ◽

Very High

The aim of this paper is to validate the data of three meteorological elements Air Temperature (Ta) , Relative Humidity (RH), Wind Speed (WS) from the European Center For-Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) , against ground stations data using several Models at six stations well distributed in Iraq (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Kut, Nasiriya, and Basra). Due to the difficulties which experienced by the ground climate stations in Iraq from a shortage of devices and equipment for measuring the various climatic elements, which led to a huge shortage of data throughout time for political, economic and natural disasters. It is found that researchers can adopt the data of satellite stations to monitor the climate because let’s found that there is a highly significance Correlations between the data of these stations and the data of the ground stations for climate monitoring Five Mathematical Models were used for that [Linear Models, Quadratic Models, Exponential Models, Logarithmic Models, and Power Models]. The performance of these models were evaluated by comparing the calculated (Ta, RH, WS) from earth stations. Those mathematical correlations help to be able to calculate the ground data in state of there is no ground climate stations data. Several statistical tests Correlation Coefficient (R), Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were used to control the validation and goodness of these Models. The R2 obtained from these Models were very high in all stations. This means that, there is a highly significance Correlations between (Ta, RH, WS) estimated and [Ta, RH, WS] measured in all station

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Reconstruction and analysis of erythemal UV radiation time series from Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) over the past 50 years

10.5194/acp-2017-701 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Klára Čížková ◽

Kamil Láska ◽

Ladislav Metelka ◽

Martin Staněk

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Ozone Column ◽

Radiation Time ◽

Very High

Abstract. This paper evaluates the variability of erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) in the period 1964–2013. The EUV radiation time series was reconstructed using a radiative transfer model and additional empirical relationships with the root mean square error of 9.9 %. The reconstructed time series documented the increase in EUV radiation doses in the 1980s and the 1990s (up to 15 % per decade), which is linked to the steep decline in total ozone (10 % per decade). The changes of cloud cover were the major factor affecting the EUV radiation doses especially in the 1960s, 1970s, and at the beginning of the new millennium. The mean annual EUV radiation doses in the decade 2004–2013 declined by 5 %. The factors affecting the EUV radiation doses differed also according to the chosen integration period (daily, monthly, and annually): solar zenith angle was the most important for daily doses, cloud cover for their monthly means, and the annual means of EUV radiation doses were most influenced by total ozone column. The number of days with very high EUV radiation doses increased by 22 % per decade, the increase was statistically significant in all seasons except autumn. The occurrence of the days with very high EUV doses was influenced mostly by low total ozone column (82 % of days), clear-sky or partly cloudy conditions (74 % of days) and by increased surface albedo (19 % of days). The principal component analysis documented that the occurrence of days with very high EUV radiation doses was much affected by the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation with an Azores High promontory reaching over central Europe. In the stratosphere, a strong Arctic circumpolar vortex and also the meridional inflow of ozone-poor air from the south-west were favorable for the occurrence of days with very high EUV radiation doses. This is the first analysis of the relationship between the high EUV radiation doses and macro-scale circulation patterns, and therefore more attention should be given also to other dynamical variables that may affect the solar UV radiation on the Earth surface.

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Reconstruction and analysis of erythemal UV radiation time series from Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) over the past 50 years

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-18-1805-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1805-1818 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Klára Čížková ◽

Kamil Láska ◽

Ladislav Metelka ◽

Martin Staněk

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Ozone Column ◽

Radiation Time ◽

Very High

Abstract. This paper evaluates the variability of erythemal ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from Hradec Králové (Czech Republic) in the period 1964–2013. The EUV radiation time series was reconstructed using a radiative transfer model and additional empirical relationships, with the final root mean square error of 9.9 %. The reconstructed time series documented the increase in EUV radiation doses in the 1980s and the 1990s (up to 15 % per decade), which was linked to the steep decline in total ozone (10 % per decade). The changes in cloud cover were the major factor affecting the EUV radiation doses especially in the 1960s, 1970s, and at the beginning of the new millennium. The mean annual EUV radiation doses in the decade 2004–2013 declined by 5 %. The factors affecting the EUV radiation doses differed also according to the chosen integration period (daily, monthly, and annually): solar zenith angle was the most important for daily doses, cloud cover, and surface UV albedo for their monthly means, and the annual means of EUV radiation doses were most influenced by total ozone column. The number of days with very high EUV radiation doses increased by 22 % per decade, the increase was statistically significant in all seasons except autumn. The occurrence of the days with very high EUV doses was influenced mostly by low total ozone column (82 % of days), clear-sky or partly cloudy conditions (74 % of days) and by increased surface albedo (19 % of days). The principal component analysis documented that the occurrence of days with very high EUV radiation doses was much affected by the positive phase of North Atlantic Oscillation with an Azores High promontory reaching over central Europe. In the stratosphere, a strong Arctic circumpolar vortex and the meridional inflow of ozone-poor air from the southwest were favorable for the occurrence of days with very high EUV radiation doses. This is the first analysis of the relationship between the high EUV radiation doses and macroscale circulation patterns, and therefore more attention should be given also to other dynamical variables that may affect the solar UV radiation on the Earth surface.

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Evaluation of Total Ozone Column from Multiple Satellite Measurements in the Antarctic Using the Brewer Spectrophotometer

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13081594 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1594

Author(s):

Songkang Kim ◽

Sang-Jong Park ◽

Hana Lee ◽

Dha Hyun Ahn ◽

Yeonjin Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Satellite Data ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Satellite Measurements ◽

Austral Spring ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Ozone Column

The ground-based ozone observation instrument, Brewer spectrophotometer (Brewer), was used to evaluate the quality of the total ozone column (TOC) produced by multiple polar-orbit satellite measurements at three stations in Antarctica (King Sejong, Jang Bogo, and Zhongshan stations). While all satellite TOCs showed high correlations with Brewer TOCs (R = ~0.8 to 0.9), there are some TOC differences among satellite data in austral spring, which is mainly attributed to the bias of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) TOC. The quality of satellite TOCs is consistent between Level 2 and 3 data, implying that “which satellite TOC is used” can induce larger uncertainty than “which spatial resolution is used” for the investigation of the Antarctic TOC pattern. Additionally, the quality of satellite TOC is regionally different (e.g., OMI TOC is a little higher at the King Sejong station, but lower at the Zhongshan station than the Brewer TOC). Thus, it seems necessary to consider the difference of multiple satellite data for better assessing the spatiotemporal pattern of Antarctic TOC.

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Validation of gome total ozone column with the assimilation model KNMI

Advances in Space Research ◽

10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00017-4 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1501-1504

Author(s):

A.J.M Piters ◽

P.F Levelt ◽

M.A.F Allaart ◽

H.M Kelder

Keyword(s):

Total Ozone ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Ozone Column ◽

Assimilation Model

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Roles of ozone depleting substances and solar activity in observed long-term trends in total ozone column over Indian region

International Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.1080/01431161.2017.1333654 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (18) ◽

pp. 5091-5105 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bikram Sen Sahu ◽

Ankit Tandon ◽

Arun K. Attri

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Indian Region ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Ozone Depleting Substances ◽

Ozone Column

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Seasonal impact of biogenic VSL bromine on the evolution of mid-latitude lowermost stratospheric ozone during the 21<sup>st</sup> century

10.5194/acp-2019-1091 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Javer A. Barrera ◽

Rafael P. Fernandez ◽

Fernando Iglesias-Suarez ◽

Carlos A. Cuevas ◽

Jean-Francois Lamarque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

21St Century ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Polar Regions ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Seasonal Impact ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact ◽

Ozone Column ◽

Modelling Study

Abstract. Biogenic very short-lived bromine (VSLBr) represents, nowadays, ~ 25 % of the total stratospheric bromine loading. Owing to their much shorter lifetime compared to anthropogenic long-lived bromine (LLBr, e.g., halons) and chlorine (LLCl, e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) substances, the impact of VSLBr on ozone peaks at the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, a key climatic and radiative atmospheric region. Here we present a modelling study of the evolution of stratospheric ozone and its chemical losses in extra-polar regions during the 21st century, under two different scenarios: considering and neglecting the additional stratospheric injection of 5 ppt biogenic VSLBr naturally released from the ocean. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of VSLBr result in a realistic stratospheric bromine loading and improves the quantitative 1980–2015 model-satellite agreement of total ozone column (TOC) in the mid-latitudes. We show that the overall ozone response to VSLBr within the mid-latitudes follows the stratospheric abundances evolution of long-lived inorganic chlorine and bromine throughout the 21st century. Additional ozone losses due to VSLBr are maximised during the present-day period (1990–2010), with TOC differences of −8 DU (−3 %) and −5.5 DU (−2 %) for the southern (SH-ML) and northern (NH-ML) mid-latitudes, respectively. Moreover, the projected TOC differences at the end of the 21st century are at least half of the values found for the present-day period. In the tropics, a small (

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Brewer spectrometer total ozone column measurements in Sodankylä

Geoscientific Instrumentation Methods and Data Systems ◽

10.5194/gi-5-229-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 229-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tomi Karppinen ◽

Kaisa Lakkala ◽

Juha M. Karhu ◽

Pauli Heikkinen ◽

Rigel Kivi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Montreal Protocol ◽

High Quality ◽

Automatic Data ◽

Mean Values ◽

Total Ozone Column ◽

Measurement Practices ◽

Ozone Column

Abstract. Brewer total ozone column measurements started in Sodankylä in May 1988, 9 months after the signing of The Montreal Protocol. The Brewer instrument has been well maintained and frequently calibrated since then to produce a high-quality ozone time series now spanning more than 25 years. The data have now been uniformly reprocessed between 1988 and 2014. The quality of the data has been assured by automatic data rejection rules as well as by manual checking. Daily mean values calculated from the highest-quality direct sun measurements are available 77 % of time with up to 75 measurements per day on clear days. Zenith sky measurements fill another 14 % of the time series and winter months are sparsely covered by moon measurements. The time series provides information to survey the evolution of Arctic ozone layer and can be used as a reference point for assessing other total ozone column measurement practices.

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