scholarly journals Evaluation of Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Blood and Urine of Khat- Chewers in Some Areas of Ibb Governorate, Yemen: تقييم تراكم الرصاص والكادميوم في دم وإدرار ماضغي القات في بعض مناطق محافظة إب – اليمن

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Abdurakeb Alhemiary, Bassam Yahya Abdu, Salah Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Lead In Blood ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Daily Time

In this study, the accumulation of lead and cadmium in blood and urine was estimated at 160 specimens aged 15- 60 years., samples were collected from different areas of Ibb governorate (Jebla, Aldehar, Almashna and Alssani), and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to estimate these elements. The study effects of factors associated with the chewing khat and its impact on increase in accumulation of lead and cadmium (sex, age, daily time for chewing khat period, number of chewing years, amount of khat chewing a day, residential area, smoking and types). The highest concentration of lead in blood and urine in khat chewers was 97.297, 48.772 µg/L, cadmium 12.791, 17.577 µg/L. The accumulation rate of those who chew khat is higher than those who don't chew khat 267.50%, 245.71% for lead and 412.9%, 273.3% for cadmium. The accumulation of lead and cadmium increases in males more than females 23.78%, 33.63 in blood, 27.73%, and 17.73% in urine. Increasing age and the amount of khat chewing a day, and the time of chewing khat daily hours and the number of years increases accumulation of lead and cadmium in blood and urine from chewing of khat (P <0.05). The highest concentration of lead in blood and urine in Almashna area was 95.084, 12.034 µg/L from other areas, cadmium highest concentration of it in the blood in Jebla area were 47.183 µg/L and results were convergent in urine and there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The effect of smoking factor associated with process of chewing khat leads to increased accumulation of elements in blood and urine smokers than other factors. The highest concentration of lead in the blood and urine samples in the group of people who chew khat and smoke cigarette and madaah 114.925, 146.237, 59.087, 83.623 µg/L respectively, and increase rate of accumulation of when chewing khat and smoking. Cadmium higher concentration in blood and urine samples who chew khat and cigarette smokers 21.025, 27.136 µg/L, and it's accumulation in who chew khat and smokers than who chew khat and non- smokers increased by 157.28%, 199.54%.    

scholarly journals Evaluation of lead and cadmium levels in lipsticks sold in Kathmandu, Nepal, and their potential health risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Salina Aryal ◽  
Narayan Bashyal ◽  
Surendra Kumar Gautam ◽  
Megh Raj Pokhrel ◽  
Bhoj Raj Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Potential Health Risk ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

The study aimed to assess the levels of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in lipsticks and theirs associated health hazards to consumers. 13 lipsticks and 7 lipglosses were selected randomly from various shopping centers in Kathmandu, Nepal. The lipstick sample was chemically digested and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The concentration range of Pb and Cd in lipsticks was from 0.020.009 to 30.970.014 mg kg-1 and 0.010.014 to 0.920.009 mg kg-1 respectively. The hazard quotient for Pb was found greater than 1 in 15 samples showing detrimental carcinogenic health risk through lipstick consumption. So, these lipstick brands are prone to hamper human health. Accordingly, regular monitoring of the lipsticks before importing them is highly recommended. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 213-219.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal and Trace Element Bioaccumulation in Muscle and Liver of the Merlu (Merluccius merluccius Linneaus, 1758) from the Gulf of Bejaia in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Ourida Alik ◽  
Salah Eddine Oudainia ◽  
Souhila Bouchebbah ◽  
Aicha Dehbi-Zebboudj ◽  
Fatiha Zerouali-Khodja
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Guide Values

Abstract This preliminary study aims at assessing a contamination level of Bejaia Gulf by some Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) such as zinc, iron, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium. The use of hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linneaus, 1758) as a bio-indicator of these heavy metals, made it possible to put in an obvious the presence of these micropollutants at the level of two target organs, the liver, detoxifying organ and the muscle, the most prized part by consumer. The MTE assays are performed using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). As for the fish contamination level, it is referred to the guide values of the WHO, FAO and Algerian recommendations. Within the framework of our study, the recorded values show that hake accumulates all metal pollutants being analyzed. Iron and zinc exhibit the highest concentration, the presence of nickel and copper were also recorded. Lead and cadmium have critical concentrations exceeding even Algerian standards. These results revealed no significant difference in both sexes and in both target organs. However, the study indicates considerable contamination in young fish with significant concentrations according to established standards. These data reveal that Merluccius merluccius is a bio-indicator of marine pollution in the Gulf of Bejaia.

A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of urinary growth hormone in children with short stature, Turner's syndrome, and simple obesity

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tomita ◽  
Masamichi Ogawa ◽  
Takashi Kamijo ◽  
Osamu Mori ◽  
Eiji Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Turner's Syndrome ◽  
Turner’S Syndrome ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simple Obesity ◽  
Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract. GH values were determined by a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay in the 1st morning and/or 24-h accumulated urine samples in 94 children (short stature 70, including 14 with complete GH deficiency, 9 with partial GH deficiency, and 47 with GH-normal short stature; Turner's syndrome, 10, and simple obesity, 14). GH values were also determined in the 2nd to 4th urine samples taken on the same day together with the 1st morning urine in 5 of them. GH values in the 1st morning urine correlated significantly with those of the 24-h urine and with serum peak and mean GH values during nocturnal sleep as a physiological GH secretion test. The 2nd to 4th urines had lower GH concentrations than the 1st morning urine. The GH value of the 1st morning urine in complete GH deficiency was significantly lower than those in GH-normal short stature, partial GH deficiency and Turner's syndrome. However, no significant difference was detected in urinary GH values between complete GH deficiency and simple obesity. We conclude that 1st morning urinary GH estimation may be useful for differentiation of complete GH deficiency from other causes of short stature, but may be difficult for the distinction between complete GH deficiency and obesity with normal GH secretory ability.

Levels of selected metals in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves cultivated in four different areas of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Good Percentage ◽  
Coriander Leaves

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the herbs which is used for medicinal and food purposes. In the present study the levels of selected metals in coriander leaves were determined in the samples collected from four different farmlands (Sebeta, Mekanisa, Holeta and Gefersa) in Ethiopia where its cultivation is common. The levels of metals were determined after digestion of samples with the mixture of 4 mL of HNO3 and 4 mL of HClO4 at 300 oC for 3:00 hours by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimized wet digestion method for coriander leaves analysis was validated through the recovery experiment and a good percentage recovery was obtained (93.2-101%). The levels of metals were found in the range Ca, 2319–3503 mg/kg; Zn, 33.4–54.8 mg/kg and Cr, 5.55-9.86 mg/kg while the trace metals Cu, Ni, Cd and Pb were too low to be detected. The results indicated that Ethiopian coriander is a good source of essential metals and free from the toxic metals Pb and Cd. A statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level indicated that there is significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in the levels of all detected metals between the four sample means. The Pearson correlation was used to predict the dependence of metal levels on one another. The levels of the metals determined in this study compared well with those reported for coriander leaves from some other parts of the world.

Simultaneous Determination of Epinephrine and Tyrosine Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Amplified with ZnO-Pt/CNTs Nanocomposite

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Samadzadeh ◽  
Iran Sheikhshoaie ◽  
Hassan Karimi-Maleh
Keyword(s):  
Glassy Carbon Electrode ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Linear Dynamic ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Human Blood And Urine

Background: Simultaneous analysis of epinephrine and tyrosine as two effective and important biological compounds in human blood and urine samples are very important for the investigation of human health. Objective: In this research, a highly effective voltammetric sensor fabricated for simultaneous analysis of epinephrine and tyrosine. The sensor was fabricated by the modification of glassy carbon electrode with ZnO-Pt/CNTs nanocomposite (ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE). The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by SEM method. The ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE showed two separated oxidation signals at potential ~220 mV and 700 mV for epinephrine and tyrosine, respectively. Also, we detected linear dynamic ranges 0.5-250.0 &#181;M and 1.0-220 &#181;M with a limit of detections 0.1 &#181;M and 0.5 &#181;M for the determination of epinephrine and tyrosine, respectively. The ZnO-Pt/CNTs/GCE was used for the determination of epinephrine and tyrosine in blood serum and human urine samples.

scholarly journals Potential Risk of Consuming Vegetables Planted in Soil with Lead and Cadmium and the Influence on Vegetable Antioxidant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3761
Author(s):  
Wen-Lii Huang ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Shu-Fen Cheng ◽  
Huai-Yuan Li ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cd Exposure

Once in soil and water, metals can enter the food chain, and the consumption of contaminated crops can pose a serious risk to human health. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the accumulation of metal elements and their influence on levels of antioxidants in vegetables. The current study clearly demonstrates that metals accumulated in the five vegetables that were planted in the contaminated soils, especially so for water spinach. Cd accumulation of all of the vegetables planted in the contaminated soils was greater Cu. The low accumulation rate that was seen in sweet potato leaf, potato, and tomato indicated their suitability for planting in suspected contaminated soil, such as at farms nearby metal industries, in replacement of high accumulators, such as leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic HI of Cd exposure from water spinach and sweet potato were >1, whereas those for Cu were <1. This study suggests that residents may experience health risks due to vegetable consumption, and that children are vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal ingestion.

scholarly journals Vitamin Analysis, Trace Elements Content, and Their Extractabilities in Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Prince Oteng ◽  
John K. Otchere ◽  
Stephen Adusei ◽  
Richard Q. Mensah ◽  
Emmanuel Tei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Vitamin Analysis

Tetrapleura tetraptera is widely cherished in African traditional homes because of its alleged therapeutic and nutritional properties. This present study aimed at determining the levels of vitamin A, C, E, and beta-carotene and trace element (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Se, and Zn) concentrations and their extractabilities in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit (mixture of pulp and seeds) of T. tetraptera. The total trace element concentration of Fe, Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn and their extractabilities (%) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS), whereas UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to determine selenium concentration. The trace element content (mg/kg) based on dry weight in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit was Fe (162.00 ± 7.14, 115.00 ± 12.00, and 154.00 ± 25.20, respectively), Zn (31.60 ± 4.77, 43.40 ± 5.29, and 41.50 ± 8.97, respectively), Cu (16.10 ± 4.98, 11.90 ± 8.40, and 17.20 ± 14.50, respectively), Mn (55.30 ± 2.41, 156.00 ± 10.20, and 122.00 ± 5.29, respectively), Co (38.10 ± 6.40, 21.10 ± 7.15, and 44.00 ± 14.90, respectively), and Se (1.49 ± 0.17, 2.43 ± 0.28, and 2.97 ± 0.27 μg/g, respectively). The mineral extractabilities (%) in the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera were established to be in the order Co > Zn > Fe > Cu > Se > Mn. Also, the chromatographic method (HPLC) was used to evaluate vitamin E concentration, and vitamin C and concentration of beta-carotene were calculated from the obtained concentration of vitamin A using a conversion factor by the titrimetric method. From the results of vitamin analysis, a significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit for vitamin C and E. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was perceived among these plant parts for vitamin A and beta-carotene. This study has therefore revealed that the pulp, seeds, and whole fruit of T. tetraptera contain varying concentrations of vitamins and trace elements and has given many vital insights on which part of T. tetraptera to consume, as concentrations of these nutrients differ in the discrete parts of the fruit.

Trace Elements and Metals in Farmed Sea Bass and Gilthead Bream from Tenerife Island, Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1938-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. RUBIO ◽  
A. JALILLI ◽  
A. J. GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
D. GONZÁLEZ-WELLER ◽  
F. HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Tenerife Island ◽  
Wet Weight

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of metals (Ca, K, Na, Mg) and trace metals (Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd) in two fish species (gilthead bream [Sparus aurata] and sea bass [Dicentrarchus labrax]) collected from fish farms located along the coast of Tenerife Island. Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas Pb, Cd, and Ni were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents were 3.09, 0.59, 0.18, and 8.11 mg/kg (wet weight) in S. aurata and 3.20, 0.76, 0.24, and 10.11 mg/kg (wet weight) in D. labrax, respectively. In D. labrax, Ca, K, Na, and Mg levels were 1,955, 2,787, 699.7, and 279.2 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively; in S. aurata, they were 934.7, 3,515, 532.8, and 262.8 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively. The Pb level in S. aurata was 7.28 ±3.64 μg/kg (wet weight) and, in D. labrax, 4.42 ±1.56 μg/kg (wet weight). Mean Cd concentrations were 3.33 ±3.93 and 1.36 ± 1.53 μg/kg (wet weight) for D. labrax and S. aurata, respectively. All Pb and Cd levels measured were well below the accepted European Commission limits, 300 and 50 μg/kg for lead and cadmium, respectively.

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