scholarly journals Examining the Deliquescence of Lithium Salts and Those of Other Alkali Metals Through a Range of Humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Charles Allen ◽  
Ivanescu Andrew ◽  
Justus Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Laboratory Courses ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Do So

It is well known that lithium chloride is able to extract moisture from the ambient air. Our research in this area has examined a variety of lithium salts for their ability to do so, as well as their counterparts containing sodium and potassium. Additionally, we have made and utilized chambers that allow us to examine deliquescence of these salts in conditions of various humidity. We will present the results, and how these experiments can be adapted to the teaching of laboratory courses.

scholarly journals Emission of Noble Gases Binary Mixtures under Excitation by the Products of the 6Li (n, α)3 H Nuclear Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kuanysh Samarkhanov ◽  
Mendykhan Khasenov ◽  
Erlan Batyrbekov ◽  
Inesh Kenzhina ◽  
Yerzhan Sapatayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The luminescence of Kr-Xe, Ar-Kr, and Ar-Xe mixtures was studied in the spectral range 300–970 nm when excited by 6Li (n, α)3 H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. Lithium was deposited on walls of experimental cell in the form of a capillary-porous structure, which made it possible to measure up to a temperature of 730 K. The temperature dependence of the radiation intensity of noble gas atoms, alkali metals, and heteronuclear ionic noble gas molecules was studied. Also, as in the case of single-component gases, the appearance of lithium lines and impurities of sodium and potassium is associated with vaporization during the release of nuclear reaction products from the lithium layer. The excitation of lithium atoms occurs mainly as a result of the Penning process of lithium atoms on noble gas atoms in the 1s states and subsequent ion-molecular reactions. Simultaneous radiation at transitions of atoms of noble gases and lithium, heteronuclear ion molecules of noble gases allows us to increase the efficiency of direct conversion of nuclear energy into light.

Measurement of Serum Lithium by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pybus ◽  
George N Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Standard Solutions

Abstract Lithium concentrations in the serum of patients undergoing therapy with lithium salts were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Serum was diluted 10-fold with water. Physiological amounts of sodium and potassium were included in the blank and standard solutions because these cations enhance the lithium signal by 2%. Calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate at the concentrations found in serum were without effect. Protein clogging of the triple-slot Boling burner was not observed. The relative standard deviation of within-run variability was 0.6% (n = 20 and x = 0.88 mEq/liter), and of daily precision, tested over a month, it was 2.5% (n = 30, x = 0.91 mEq/liter). Recovery of 1.00 mEq of lithium added per liter of serum ranged from 97 to 103%, averaging 99.8%.

Artificial Transmembrane Channels for Sodium and Potassium

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Cragg
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Ion Specificity ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Transmembrane Channels ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Transport of alkali metals, particularly sodium and potassium, across cell membranes is an essential function performed by special proteins that enable cells to regulate inter- and extracellular ion concentrations with exceptional selectivity. The importance of these channel-forming proteins has led to researchers emulating of their structural features: an ion-specific filter and conduction at rates up to 108 ions per second. Synthetic helical and cyclic polypeptides form channels, however, the specificity of ion transport is often low. Ion-specific macrocycles have been used as filters from which membrane-spanning derivatives have been prepared. Success has been limited as many compounds act as ion carriers rather than forming transmembrane channels. Surfactant compounds also allow ions to cross membranes but any specificity is serendipitous. Overall it seems possible to mimic either ion specificity or efficient transmembrane ion transport. The goal for the future will be to combine both characteristics in one artificial system.

Ion pairs formed by alkali metals. Part 1.—Complexes of lithium, sodium and potassium with 4-nitropyridine

1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 1829-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Cremaschi ◽  
Aldo Gamba ◽  
Gabriele Morosi ◽  
Cesare Oliva ◽  
Massimo Simonetta
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

Effect of Associated Salts on the Polymerization of Butadiene by Organosodium Reagents

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-558
Author(s):  
Avery A. Morton ◽  
Frank H. Bolton ◽  
Frances W. Collins ◽  
Edward F. Cluff
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Sodium Cation ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Lithium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Salts ◽  
Cesium Fluoride ◽  
Iodine Chloride ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Large Cation

Abstract The alfin catalyst is a combination of sodium salts which causes butadiene to polymerize at extreme rapidity in such a fashion that a greater difference exists between sodium and alfin polymerization than between sodium and emulsion polymerization. Hitherto the combination has been assumed to be binary—allylsodium and sodium isopropoxide—but a new method of preparation has revealed that a halide or pseudohalide salt is essential. Chloride, bromide, and iodide salts of sodium and potassium can be used as the halide component, but fluoride and lithium salts, as a rule, cannot be so employed unless the small size of each ion is compensated by a large cation or anion, respectively, as found in cesium fluoride or lithium iodide. The sodium cation is required for the catalyst. The potassium ion can be tolerated in the alkoxide or halide, but not simultaneousely in both. The lithium ion is in general unsuitable. Alfin polybutadiene is differentiated from sodium-polymerized butadiene by a high proportion of 1,4-structure and by an abnormally high intrinsic viscosity. Iodine chloride causes the polymer to precipitate from solution. All results indicate that polymerization by sodium reagents is in considerable degree controlled by the association of other salts with the sodium reagent.

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