Respiratory Disease Screening as an Adverse Effect and Associated Factors of COVID-19 Recovered Patients from Quiha Treatment Center in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020: A Community Based Institutional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebreselassie AT ◽  
◽  
Mekonen W ◽  
Gebrehiwot B ◽  
Muluye G ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Disease Screening ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a virus that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the world. COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild (or no symptoms) to severe illness. In late December 2019, investigation of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China resulted in identification of a novel coronavirus. The virus is distinct from both Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), although closely related. Objective: To assess respiratory disease screening as an adverse effect and associated factors of COVID-19 recovered patients from a treatment center in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A community based quantitative study design was conducted among 600 samples in Mekelle town, Tigray, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Associations between dependent and independent variables were tested using logistic regression with the assumptions of p-values < 0.05 and confidence interval 95% and considered to be statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of respiratory disease after screening using CRQ was 24.3%. Variable like who read and wrote [AOR=2.859, 95% CI: 1.349-6.063, P=0.006]. COVID-19 symptoms such as those who had shortness of breathing [AOR=3.485, 95% CI: 1.776-6.838, P=0.001], sore throat [AOR=4.645, 95% CI: 2.107-10.242, P=0.001], and chest pain pressure was AOR=3.453, 95%CI: 1.484-8.037, P=0.04] were significant factor for respiratory disease. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of respiratory disease after screening using CRQ was 24.3%. Variables such as read and write, shortness of breathing, sore throat, and pneumonia were significant factors for respiratory disease.

Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Farsi ◽  
Yazdan Ahmadi ◽  
Farshid Alazmani Noodeh ◽  
Ramin Hamidi Farahani ◽  
Faezeh Baniyaghoobi
Keyword(s):  
Sore Throat ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background: On February 19 2020, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) reported in Qom, Iran. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the differences in clinical characteristics of affected patients in different countries is limited. It seems that people with underlying diseases not only have a higher risk of developing the NCIP disease but also are more likely to die from the virus infection. Objectives: This study aimed to describe which one of NCIP patients are at higher risk for severe illness and what is the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics, and outcomes of the disease. Methods: Prospective, case series of the 50 hospitalized NCIP patients in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from March 1 to March 15, 2020, was implemented. The final date of follow-up was March 18, 2020. The final date of follow-up was March 18, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment, and outcome data were collected from electronic or printed medical records with data collection forms and analyzed. Results: More than half of the patients were men (27 [54%]); the majority of them had underlying diseases, including hypertension (33 [66%]), diabetes mellitus (29 [58%]), chronic heart failure (19 [38%]), chronic renal failure (19 [38%]), and autoimmune diseases (18 [36%]). The median age was 60 years (IQR 41.5 - 68.5). Common symptoms of illness were fever (50 [100%]), sore throat (50 [100%]), dyspnea (44 [88%]), myalgia (43 [86%]), cough (42 [84%]), fatigue (39 [78%]), and diarrhea (28 [56%]). The majority of patients had lymphopenia 49 (98%), 24 (48%) leukocytosis, and 32 (64%) of them had thrombocytopenia. All patients had pneumonia with patchy shadows or ground-glass opacity on chest computed tomographic scans. Twelve (24%) patients had a decreased level of consciousness. Thirty-three patients (66%) were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (18 [36%]), arrhythmia (19 [38%]), and shock (14 [28%]). As of March 18, 37 patients (74%) were discharged, and 13 died (26%). Conclusions: Hospitalized NCIP patients who have serious underlying chronic illness might be at higher risk for severe illness. Common symptoms of illness were fever, sore throat, dyspnea, myalgia, cough, and fatigue. Major complications during hospitalization included ARDS, arrhythmia, and shock. Bilateral distribution of patchy shadows and ground-glass opacity was a typical hallmark of CT scans for NCIP. Currently, there is no effective drug treatment. Gaps in our knowledge need fulfillment by future studies with a higher sample size.

COVID-19 Wenzhou Community Based Isolation Strategy for Controlling the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhai Huang ◽  
Jinjin Yu ◽  
Rui Ning ◽  
Yili Jin ◽  
Colm McAlinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Low prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Metema District, Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessete Ayelgn ◽  
Tadesse Guadu ◽  
Atalay Getachew
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Trachoma ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Trachoma is an infectious disease of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and transmitted via contact with eye discharge from infected persons and leading to blindness worldwide. Children less than 9 years of age affected more seriously. The disease is common where access to water and sanitation are limited. Objective To determine the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among children aged 1–9 years in rural communities of Metema District, West Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Method A community based cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 792 children aged 1–9 years old in Metema district from April to May 2018. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and eye examination using binocular loupe to differentiate trachoma cases was the data collection methods and tools. The bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed for analysis. P-value < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results A total of 752 children aged l-9 years were enrolled in this study with response rate of 94.9%. The overall prevalence of active trachoma among the study participants was 11.8% (95% CI, 9.5–13.9). Unprotected source of water (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.5–8.9), lower household water consumption (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–6.0), improper latrine utilization (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.7), and frequency of face washing once per day (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2–26.6) were the factors significantly associated with active trachoma. Conclusion The current study revealed a lower overall prevalence of active trachoma (11.8%) than the WHO threshold prevalence (20%) used to declare it as a severe public health problem. All residents and health professional should collaborate on trachoma prevention by implementing the WHO SAFE strategy- surgery for trichiasis, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement for further trachoma elimination.

scholarly journals O06 Inflammatory arthritis triggered by COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazal Ansari ◽  
Frances A Borg ◽  
Gouri Koduri
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Inflammatory Arthritis ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Examination

Abstract Case report - Introduction COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered β-coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), resulted in a recent pandemic of COVID-19. As a novel pathogen, the nature and degree of risk of COVID-19 to individuals with rheumatic diseases were unknown, as was its ability to induce musculoskeletal and autoimmune disease. Concerns were related to the chronic autoimmune or inflammatory disease and immune suppressive medications to treat it. The consequences of this infection are currently not fully understood, including the autoimmune sequelae.  Here we present two cases of inflammatory arthritis with a temporal link to COVID-19.  Case report - Case description: Case 1 A 37-year-old Caucasian male was referred to Rheumatology with severe joint pains. He developed flu-like symptoms in early April 2020, with myalgia, fever, sore throat, anosmia, and fatigue. SARS-CoV-2 PCR swab was positive. He recovered from these initial symptoms, however 4 weeks later, he developed pain and swelling in his hands, feet, ankles, and knee joints with early morning stiffness. On examination, there was marked synovitis of hands, wrists, knees, and ankle joints. Systemic examination was otherwise normal. Case 2 A 70-year-old lady developed sore throat and cough started in late March 2020. 3 weeks later, she became generally unwell with lethargy and fatigue. Her cough gradually improved, but she continued to experience breathlessness on minimal exertion. In early May 2020, she developed excruciating pain in her hands, wrists, and right knee joints with morning stiffness.  On examination she had synovitis in the wrists, small joints of the hands and right knee. Systemic examination otherwise was unremarkable. Given the severe inflammatory arthritis, both patients were commenced on oral prednisolone with remarkable improvement 4 weeks later. Case report - Discussion We present 2 cases of acute inflammatory arthritis, which were suspected to have been triggered by COVID-19 viral infection without any musculoskeletal complications with good prognosis. COVID-19 is a new disease and our understanding of it is continuing to grow. The initial concern was that COVID-19 -19 infection may lead to severe illness in immunocompromised patients, including those and with rheumatic conditions. However, this was not seen in large numbers. To our knowledge, COVID-19-related inflammatory arthritis has not previously been reported in the literature. Our current understanding of the COVID-19 pathogenic mechanisms is limited. However, it is likely that the disease may evolve in overlapping phases. Case report - Key learning points In both cases, it was suggested that COVID-19 19 may be a triggering factor for inflammatory arthritis with good prognosis and settled with steroid therapy.  It was suggested that arthritis may occur in patients with COVID-19, in previously fit and well patients without any underlying co-morbidities and autoimmune rheumatic disease and warrants urgent Rheumatology review. However, all COVID-19 suspected cases should be investigated on an individual basis to exclude other diagnosis to avoid missing other common reversible illnesses. O06 Table 1:Investigations at Baseline and 4 weeks Case 1   Case 2  Baseline4 weeks Baseline4 weeks CRP (&lt;5) mg/L18227694ESR (2-28mm/hour)3 90 Hb (130-180 g/L)14315293114Wbc (4.0-11.0)109/L8.05.311.812.1Neutrophil (1.7-7.5)109/L5.793.289.2910.20Lymphocyte (1.0-4.5) 109/L1.391.381.241.14CK (&lt;200) U/L90 22 ANANegative Negative ENA 0.2 0.3 ANCANegative ND  RF (0-14) U/mL&lt;10 428 CCP (0.4-6.9) U/mL0.8 51 ImmunoglobulinsNormal  IgG,17.9 ComplementsND Normal CXR Bil Hilar enlargement Diffuse widespread air space opacities CT Chest Significant mediastinal Lymphadenopathy with no specific features Multifocal GGO, patchy consolidation, likely recovery stage of COVID-19   

Dengue vaccine acceptance and associated factors in Indonesia: A community-based cross-sectional survey in Aceh

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (32) ◽  
pp. 3670-3675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harapan Harapan ◽  
Samsul Anwar ◽  
Abdul Malik Setiawan ◽  
R. Tedjo Sasmono
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance

Aftermath of Covid -19 Pandemic in the community

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-500
Author(s):  
Sholly. CK
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) is an infectious condition, which can be spread directly or indirectly from one person to another and causes respiratory illnesses, range from common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. The first cases of this virus were found in Wuhan, China. According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 is serious health concern and has higher risk for severe illness and spreading rapidly all over the world.This novel coronavirus was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by WHO in February 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, in the year2020 March. A global coordinated effort is needed to stop the further spread of the virus. Among all cases about 92% of the confirmed cases were recorded from China. Initial reports suggest that death rate ranges from 1% to 2% which varies in the study and country. The most of the death have occurred in patients over 50 years of age followed by young children. For the confirmed cases which included both laboratory and clinically diagnosed till now there is no specific antiviral treatment recommended but there is vaccine currently available. Once the virus develops in people, corona viruses can be spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. The viral material hangs out in these droplets and can be breathed into the respiratory tract, where the virus can then lead to an infection. Repercussions of Covid -19 on individuals, families and on front line warriors are countless1.

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