Native Separation and Metallation Analysis of SOD1 Protein from the Human Central Nervous System: A Methodological Workflow

We developed a methodological workflow combining size exclusion chromatography, native isoelectric focusing, and high sensitivity X-ray-based metal detection within electrophoresis gels to analyze the metal content of single proteins purified from minimal amounts (<20 mg) of post-mortem human brain and spinal cord tissue. An important metalloprotein in the human central nervous system is copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme linked to the aetiology of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Abnormal SOD1 metallation is suspected to play a role in the pathogenic aggregation of SOD1 in both disorders, although data describing SOD1 metal occupancy in human tissues has not previously been reported. Validating our novel approach we demonstrated step-by-step metal preservation, preserved SOD1 activity, and substantial enrichment of SOD1 protein vs confounding metalloproteins. We found Cu and Zn were bound to SOD1 in a ratio of 1.12 ± 0.28 in human central nervous system tissues from healthy individuals, a ratio close to the expected value of 1. Our methodological workflow can be adapted to study a range of metalloproteins from human tissues and other sources.<br>

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NG2-positive glia in the human central nervous system

Neuron Glia Biology ◽

10.1017/s1740925x09990342 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (3-4) ◽

pp. 35-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Susan M. Staugaitis ◽

Bruce D. Trapp

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Factor Receptor Alpha ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Cells that express the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (NG2 glia) are widespread in the adult human cerebral cortex and white matter and represent 10–15% of non-neuronal cells. The morphology and distribution of NG2 glia are similar to, but distinct from, both microglia and astrocytes. They are present as early as 17 weeks gestation and persist throughout life. NG2 glia can be detected in a variety of human central nervous system (CNS) diseases, of which multiple sclerosis is the best studied. NG2 glia show morphological changes in the presence of pathology and can show expression of the Ki-67 proliferation antigen. The antigenic profile and morphology of NG2 glia in human tissues are consistent with an oligodendrocyte progenitor function that has been well established in rodent models. Most antibodies to NG2 do not stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Advances in our understanding of NG2 glia in human tissues will require the development of more robust markers for their detection in routinely processed human specimens.

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DNA fragmentation in normal development of the human central nervous system: a morphological study during corticogenesis

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2990.1997.94098094.x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Simonati ◽

T. Rosso ◽

N. Rizzuto

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Normal Development ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

System A

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Modular organisation of hand movements by the human central nervous system: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Aktuelle Neurologie ◽

10.1055/s-2006-953046 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Gentner ◽

J. Classen

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Hand Movements ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

System A ◽

Modular Organisation

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Sex Differences in Cognition

The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioral Endocrinology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190649739.013.23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 41-66

Author(s):

Elizabeth Hampson

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Spatial Cognition ◽

Sex Steroids ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Organizational and activational effects of sex steroids were first discovered in laboratory animals, but these concepts extend to hormonal actions in the human central nervous system. This chapter begins with a brief overview of how sex steroids act in the brain and how the organizational-activational hypothesis originated in the field of endocrinology. It then reviews common methods used to study these effects in humans. Interestingly, certain cognitive functions appear to be subject to modification by sex steroids, and these endocrine influences may help explain the sex differences often seen in these functions. The chapter considers spatial cognition as a representative example because the spatial family of functions has received the most study by researchers interested in the biological roots of sex differences in cognition. The chapter reviews evidence that supports an influence of both androgens and estrogens on spatial functions, and concludes with a glimpse of where the field is headed.

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Identification in the human central nervous system, pituitary, and thyroid of a novel calcitonin gene-related peptide, and partial amino acid sequence in the spinal cord.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75816-5 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 262 (2) ◽

pp. 542-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J B Petermann ◽

W Born ◽

J Y Chang ◽

J A Fischer

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

Partial Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Related Peptide ◽

Calcitonin Gene

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Humoral immune responses within the human central nervous system following systemic immunization

Journal of Neuroimmunology ◽

10.1016/0165-5728(86)90004-4 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Magnhild Sandberg-Wollheim ◽

Burton Zweiman ◽

Arnold I. Levinson ◽

Robert P. Lisak

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Humoral Immune Responses

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Simulations of Synaptic Transmission Using Lattice Boltzmann Methods

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2002-32812 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Mehrak Mahmoudi ◽

Piroz Zamankhan ◽

William Polashenski

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Lattice Boltzmann ◽

Chemical Substance ◽

Human Central Nervous System ◽

Lattice Boltzmann Methods ◽

Nerve Impulses ◽

System A ◽

The Central Nervous System

The nervous system remains one of the least understood biological structures due in large part to the enormous complexity of this organ. A theoretical model for the transfer of nerve impulses would be valuable for the analysis of various phenomena in the nervous system, which are difficult to study by experiments. The central nervous system is composed of more than 100 billion neurons, through which information is transmitted via nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are not immediately apparent since each impulse may be blocked during transmission, changed from a single impulse into repetitive impulse, or integrated with impulses from other neurons to form highly intricate patterns. In the human central nervous system, a neuron secretes a chemical substance called a neurotransmitter at the synapse, and this transmitter in turn acts on another neuron to cause excitation, inhibition, or some other modification of its sensitivity.

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