scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Reaction of Fullerene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Similar Correlation ◽  
Bingel Reaction

It turned out that the same regression equation between<br>yield and reduced mass of raw materials holds in<br>cycloaddition, Bingel reaction, and other reactions of<br>fullerene. For the reactions, where the molecular weight of the<br>product exceeds around 1500, reduced mass was obtained<br>from molecular weight adjusted by number of rotatable bonds<br>to show a similar correlation by the regression equation.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Reaction of Fullerene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Similar Correlation ◽  
Bingel Reaction

It turned out that the same regression equation between<br>yield and reduced mass of raw materials holds in<br>cycloaddition, Bingel reaction, and other reactions of<br>fullerene. For the reactions, where the molecular weight of the<br>product exceeds around 1500, reduced mass was obtained<br>from molecular weight adjusted by number of rotatable bonds<br>to show a similar correlation by the regression equation.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Enzymatic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between the yield in the enzymatic reaction and the molecular weight of the substrate as an approximation of the reduced mass of the raw materials was clarified. The correlation was expressed by the same regression equation as in general organic chemical reactions. The coefficient of the regression equation to distinguish between intramolecular and intermolecular reactions were better when the values for intramolecular reactions were used in the plot of literature yields versus predicted yields. It was also found that the adjustment of the reduced mass by the number of rotatable bonds was not necessary and was found to be a good representation of the characteristics of the enzymatic reaction.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Enzymatic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between the yield in the enzymatic reaction and the molecular weight of the substrate as an approximation of the reduced mass of the raw materials was clarified. The correlation was expressed by the same regression equation as in general organic chemical reactions. The coefficient of the regression equation to distinguish between intramolecular and intermolecular reactions were better when the values for intramolecular reactions were used in the plot of literature yields versus predicted yields. It was also found that the adjustment of the reduced mass by the number of rotatable bonds was not necessary and was found to be a good representation of the characteristics of the enzymatic reaction.

Preparation of n-Alkylacrylate and Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Its Influence on Low-Temperature Fluidity of Diesel Fuel

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong An ◽  
Shu Gang Gao ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yan Xin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

The n-tetradecylacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer (PPV) was prepared from n-tetradecylacrylate and vinyl acetate. The PPV was employed as pour point depressant to improve the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. The result indicated that the solidification (SP) and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were affected largely by PPV. And when mass fraction of PPV -14(copolymerization conditions: 80 °C,w（benzoyl peroxide）1％（total weight of raw materials）, n（vinyl acetate）∶n（n- tetradecanolacrylate） = 4∶1 ) in diesel fuel was 0.1%wt, the SP reduced by 15.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 6.0 °C simultaneously; We analysise the different molecular weight of PPV-14, and discover that the molecular weight of PPV-14 is ralated to the the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. When mass fraction of PPV -14(molecular weight is 15000, distribution coefficient is 3.11) in diesel fuel was 0.1% wt, the SP reduced by 18.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 7.0 °C, simultaneously.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Skin By-Products of Seabream, Seabass and Rainbow Trout Reared in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12104
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imino Acids ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
A Minor ◽  
By Products

The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Reaction Site ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reaction ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between yield and reduced mass of raw materials in intramolecular C-N, C-C, C-O coupling reactions and intramolecular/intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions was revealed. The regression equation was found to be the same as that of intermolecular reactions; yield = -0.1861<i>M</i><sub>AB</sub>/(<i>n</i><sub>A</sub><i>n</i><sub>B</sub><i>n</i><sub>I</sub>)+100.0, where <i>M</i><sub>AB</sub> is the reduced mass per mole and <i>n</i><sub>A</sub> and <i>n</i><sub>B</sub> are the total number of each reaction site in molecular A and molecular B in the reaction system, and <i>n</i><sub>I</sub> is the number to distinguish whether it is a intramolecular reaction or intermolecular reaction.

scholarly journals Generality of Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Organic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Molar Heat Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Rotatable Bond ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Synthetic Reactions ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon

To validate a generality of the correlation between product yield and reduced mass of raw materials, the regression analysis of 129 reaction examples (55 as a sample size) including at least 66 types of reactions used in syntheses of natural products such as peptides and terpenes was conducted. It was possible to predict a yield of a variety of synthetic reactions for a synthesis of natural product with many aliphatic carbon chains by applying a reduced mass, adjusted with a molecular weight and the number of rotatable bond, to the regression equation. Moreover, it was found that the increase in yield due to a use of the adjusted reduced mass correlated with the harmonic mean of the molar heat capacity of raw materials and was expressed as a second-order approximation within the analysis range.<br>

scholarly journals Generality of Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Organic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Molar Heat Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Rotatable Bond ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Synthetic Reactions ◽  
Aliphatic Carbon

To validate a generality of the correlation between product yield and reduced mass of raw materials, the regression analysis of 129 reaction examples (55 as a sample size) including at least 66 types of reactions used in syntheses of natural products such as peptides and terpenes was conducted. It was possible to predict a yield of a variety of synthetic reactions for a synthesis of natural product with many aliphatic carbon chains by applying a reduced mass, adjusted with a molecular weight and the number of rotatable bond, to the regression equation. Moreover, it was found that the increase in yield due to a use of the adjusted reduced mass correlated with the harmonic mean of the molar heat capacity of raw materials and was expressed as a second-order approximation within the analysis range.<br>

DESIGNING BALANCED FEEDS FOR INDUSTRIAL AQUACULTURE USING PROTEIN HYDROLYSATES OF FISH BY-PASS RAW MATERIALS

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Olga Mezenova ◽  
Dmitriy Pyanov ◽  
Svetlana Agafonova ◽  
Natalia Mezenova ◽  
V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids ◽  
By Products

The perspective of the production of domestic compound feed for the development of industrial aquaculture in Russia is shown. Alternative sources of protein in mixed fodder for salmon and sturgeon have been investigated. The advantages of using protein hydrolysates instead of a part of fishmeal in compound feed are described. The advantages of protein hydrolysates from fish by-products are considered, the chemical composition and molecular fractional composition of sublimated protein hydrolysates obtained by enzymatic and thermal pathways from sardinella scales and ridges are studied. The presence in hydrolysates of 53.3 - 97.7% of low molecular weight peptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa with a total protein content of 80.8-94.1% was established. Indicators of amino acid balance (scor) of hydrolyzates of scales and ridges of sardinella were calculated in relation to the established requirements for amino acids in salmonids. Indicators of amino acid balance (scor) of hydrolyzates of scales and ridges of sardinella were calculated in relation to the established requirements for amino acids in salmonids.It was found that the introduction of an enzymatically obtained hydrolyzate is more favorable for an increase in the content of limiting amino acids in mixed feed, and the use of sardinella scales for hydrolysis is more preferable than its ridges.

STUDY OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROLYZATES OBTAINED FROM SMOKED SPRAT HEADS

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Olga Mezenova ◽  
Vladimir Wolkov ◽  
Larisa Baydalinova ◽  
Natalia Mezenova ◽  
Svetlana Agafonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Peptide Fractions

The authors study three fractions obtained as a result of hydrolysis of smoked sprat heads (under temperature of 130oC and presser of 0.25 MPa) – fat, protein water-soluble, and protein-and-mineral ones. Waste from sprat production of two fish canning complexes of the Kaliningrad Region - “RosCon” and “Kolkhoz for the Motherland” - was used as raw material. Hydrolysis was carried out in an aqueous medium in two ways - with preliminary separation of fat and without this operation. The protein fraction was sublimated and its quantitative and qualitative indices were examined - mass yield, solubility, chemical composition and molecular fractional composition of the obtained peptide fractions were determined. The output of sublimated protein fractions is practically independent of the type of raw material and the method of pre-treatment and is 6.47.9% of the mass of raw materials. The chemical composition of protein fractions varies widely in terms of fat (1.4–8.3%), minerals (9.8–13.4%) and proteins (72.1–80.2%). The solubility of the peptide fractions ranged from 91-98%. The molecular weight assessment results showed a high content of a low molecular weight fraction of peptides with an MM of less than 10 kDa in all experimental samples (about 38%). This indicates a high digestibility and biological value of the obtained peptide compositions. Sublimated peptide compositions had typical organoleptic characteristics, pleasant aroma and taste of smoked fish. Ключевые

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