scholarly journals Correlation Between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Enzymatic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between the yield in the enzymatic reaction and the molecular weight of the substrate as an approximation of the reduced mass of the raw materials was clarified. The correlation was expressed by the same regression equation as in general organic chemical reactions. The coefficient of the regression equation to distinguish between intramolecular and intermolecular reactions were better when the values for intramolecular reactions were used in the plot of literature yields versus predicted yields. It was also found that the adjustment of the reduced mass by the number of rotatable bonds was not necessary and was found to be a good representation of the characteristics of the enzymatic reaction.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Enzymatic Reactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Intramolecular Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between the yield in the enzymatic reaction and the molecular weight of the substrate as an approximation of the reduced mass of the raw materials was clarified. The correlation was expressed by the same regression equation as in general organic chemical reactions. The coefficient of the regression equation to distinguish between intramolecular and intermolecular reactions were better when the values for intramolecular reactions were used in the plot of literature yields versus predicted yields. It was also found that the adjustment of the reduced mass by the number of rotatable bonds was not necessary and was found to be a good representation of the characteristics of the enzymatic reaction.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Reaction Site ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reaction ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between yield and reduced mass of raw materials in intramolecular C-N, C-C, C-O coupling reactions and intramolecular/intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions was revealed. The regression equation was found to be the same as that of intermolecular reactions; yield = -0.1861<i>M</i><sub>AB</sub>/(<i>n</i><sub>A</sub><i>n</i><sub>B</sub><i>n</i><sub>I</sub>)+100.0, where <i>M</i><sub>AB</sub> is the reduced mass per mole and <i>n</i><sub>A</sub> and <i>n</i><sub>B</sub> are the total number of each reaction site in molecular A and molecular B in the reaction system, and <i>n</i><sub>I</sub> is the number to distinguish whether it is a intramolecular reaction or intermolecular reaction.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Intramolecular Cyclization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Reaction Site ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Cyclization Reactions ◽  
Intermolecular Reaction ◽  
Intermolecular Reactions

Correlation between yield and reduced mass of raw materials in intramolecular C-N, C-C, C-O coupling reactions and intramolecular/intermolecular Diels-Alder reactions was revealed. The regression equation was found to be the same as that of intermolecular reactions; yield = -0.1861<i>M</i><sub>AB</sub>/(<i>n</i><sub>A</sub><i>n</i><sub>B</sub><i>n</i><sub>I</sub>)+100.0, where <i>M</i><sub>AB</sub> is the reduced mass per mole and <i>n</i><sub>A</sub> and <i>n</i><sub>B</sub> are the total number of each reaction site in molecular A and molecular B in the reaction system, and <i>n</i><sub>I</sub> is the number to distinguish whether it is a intramolecular reaction or intermolecular reaction.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Reaction of Fullerene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Similar Correlation ◽  
Bingel Reaction

It turned out that the same regression equation between<br>yield and reduced mass of raw materials holds in<br>cycloaddition, Bingel reaction, and other reactions of<br>fullerene. For the reactions, where the molecular weight of the<br>product exceeds around 1500, reduced mass was obtained<br>from molecular weight adjusted by number of rotatable bonds<br>to show a similar correlation by the regression equation.

scholarly journals Correlation between Yield and Reduced Mass of Raw Materials in Reaction of Fullerene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Similar Correlation ◽  
Bingel Reaction

It turned out that the same regression equation between<br>yield and reduced mass of raw materials holds in<br>cycloaddition, Bingel reaction, and other reactions of<br>fullerene. For the reactions, where the molecular weight of the<br>product exceeds around 1500, reduced mass was obtained<br>from molecular weight adjusted by number of rotatable bonds<br>to show a similar correlation by the regression equation.

Phase-partitioning and chemical reactions of low molecular weight organic compounds in fog

Tellus B ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Facchini ◽  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
J. A. Lind ◽  
H. Fierlinger-Oberlinninger ◽  
M. Kalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Partitioning

Organic chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates in supercritical carbon dioxide and associated less eco-unfriendly approaches: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110085
Author(s):  
Jabulani I Gumede ◽  
Buyiswa G Hlangothi ◽  
Chris D Woolard ◽  
Shanganyane P Hlangothi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Waste Tyres ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

There is a growing need to recover raw materials from waste due to increasing environmental concerns and the widely adopted transition to circular economy. For waste tyres, it is necessary to continuously develop methods and processes that can devulcanize rubber vulcanizates into rubber products with qualities and properties that can closely match those of the virgin rubber. Currently, the most common, due to its efficiency and perceived eco-friendliness in recovering raw rubber from waste rubbers, such as tyres, is devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using commercial and typical devulcanizing agents. The scCO2 has been generally accepted as an attractive alternative to the traditional liquid-based devulcanization media because of the resultant devulcanized rubber has relatively better quality than other processes. For instance, when scCO2 is employed to recover rubber from waste tyres (e.g. truck tyres) and the recovered rubber is blended with virgin natural rubber (NR) in various compositions, the curing and mechanical properties of the blends closely match those of virgin NR. The atmospheric toxicity and cost of the commonly used devulcanization materials like chemical agents, oils and solvents have enabled a shift towards utilization of greener (mainly organic) and readily available devulcanization chemical components. This literature review paper discusses the approaches, which have less negative impact on the environment, in chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates. A special focus has been on thermo-chemical devulcanization of waste tyres in scCO2 using common organic devulcanizing agents.

scholarly journals Deep Eutectic Solvents Based Choline Chloride for Enzymatic Biodiesel Production from Degumming Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manurung ◽  
Taslim ◽  
A.G.A. Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production

Preparation of n-Alkylacrylate and Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Its Influence on Low-Temperature Fluidity of Diesel Fuel

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong An ◽  
Shu Gang Gao ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yan Xin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

The n-tetradecylacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer (PPV) was prepared from n-tetradecylacrylate and vinyl acetate. The PPV was employed as pour point depressant to improve the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. The result indicated that the solidification (SP) and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were affected largely by PPV. And when mass fraction of PPV -14(copolymerization conditions: 80 °C,w（benzoyl peroxide）1％（total weight of raw materials）, n（vinyl acetate）∶n（n- tetradecanolacrylate） = 4∶1 ) in diesel fuel was 0.1%wt, the SP reduced by 15.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 6.0 °C simultaneously; We analysise the different molecular weight of PPV-14, and discover that the molecular weight of PPV-14 is ralated to the the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. When mass fraction of PPV -14(molecular weight is 15000, distribution coefficient is 3.11) in diesel fuel was 0.1% wt, the SP reduced by 18.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 7.0 °C, simultaneously.

scholarly journals Extraction and Characterization of Gelatin from Skin By-Products of Seabream, Seabass and Rainbow Trout Reared in Aquaculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12104
Author(s):  
Jesus Valcarcel ◽  
Carolina Hermida-Merino ◽  
Manuel M. Piñeiro ◽  
Daniel Hermida-Merino ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
First Case ◽  
Imino Acids ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
A Minor ◽  
By Products

The expansion of fish filleting, driven by the increasing demand for convenience food, concomitantly generates a rising amount of skinning by-products. Current trends point to a growing share of aquaculture in fish production, so we have chosen three established aquaculture species to study the properties of gelatin extracted from their skin: rainbow trout, commonly filleted; and seabass and seabream, marketed whole until very recently. In the first case, trout skin yields only 1.6% gelatin accompanied by the lowest gel strength (96 g bloom), while yield for the other two species exceeds 6%, and gel strength reaches 181 and 229 g bloom for seabass and seabream, respectively. These results are in line with the proportion of total imino acids analyzed in the gelatin samples. Molecular weight profiling shows similarities among gelatins, but seabass and seabream gelatins appear more structured, with higher proportion of β-chains and high molecular weight aggregates, which may influence the rheological properties observed. These results present skin by-products of seabream, and to a minor extent seabass, as suitable raw materials to produce gelatin through valorization processes.

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