scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of indicators of peripheral arterial and central aortic pressure, remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant patients with arterial hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Vitaliy V. Skibitskiy ◽  
Vladimir Yu. Vasil'ev ◽  
Aleksandra V. Fendrikova ◽  
Stanislav N. Pyatakov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Myocardial Remodeling ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Pressure

Background. Changes in the vascular wall, in particular, an increase in its stiffness and an increase in pressure in the aorta, as well as hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium are factors that determine a poor prognosis in patients with arterial hypertension. At the same time, the peculiarities of changes in arterial stiffness indices and left ventricular myocardial remodeling in patients with different sensitivity to salt loading have not been adequately studied. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the values of peripheral blood pressure and central aortic pressure, indicators of left ventricular myocardial remodeling in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant patients with arterial hypertension. Materials and methods. The study involved 180 patients with arterial hypertension: 96 men and 84 women. The median age was 59 years. Salt sensitivity test was performed according to V.I. Kharchenko. All patients underwent 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography. Indicators of peripheral arterial pressure and central aortic pressure, remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium were determined. Results. According to the results of the test V.I. Kharchenko, 88 patients were classified as salt-sensitive, 92 as salt-resistant. After a salt sensitivity test in salt-sensitive patients, the main indicators of peripheral blood pressure and central aortic pressure exceeded those in salt-resistant patients in the daytime, at night, and throughout the day as a whole. In the group of salt-sensitive individuals, statistically more significant negative changes in echocardiographic parameters were recorded; a significant number of salt-sensitive patients were diagnosed with prognostically unfavorable variants of left ventricular myocardial remodeling. Conclusion. In salt-sensitive patients with arterial hypertension, compared with salt-resistant patients, there are higher values of both peripheral blood pressure and central aortic pressure, more significant negative changes in echocardiographic parameters with the formation of concentric hypertrophy and eccentric remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium. It can be assumed that the assessment of salt sensitivity makes it possible to verify patients with the most unfavorable changes in parameters of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and significant remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium. This approach can be used to individualize pharmacotherapy in patients with arterial hypertension and increase its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and treatment of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents, overview of new clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Agapitov ◽  
I. V. Cherepnina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Hypertension In Children

The article analyzes clinical guidelines oftheAmericanAcademy ofPediatrics dd 2017 “ClinicalPractice Guideline forScreening andManagement of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents”. This document contains new values of blood pressure in children, replaces the term “prehypertension” with the term “elevated blood pressure”, provides a simplified classification of arterial hypertension in adolescents over 13 years and revisesthe guidelinesfor daily blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography. The documentspecifiesthe criteria for diagnosing increased body weight of the left ventricular myocardium, changesthe target blood pressure levels. This new guidelines helps to optimize the diagnostics and treatment of hypertension in children. At the same time there is need for further comprehensive analysis of clinicalrecommendations and assessment of their practicalsignificance for pediatrics.

Changes in Central Aortic Pressure Levels, Wave Components and Determinants Associated with High Peripheral Blood Pressure States in Childhood: Analysis of Hypertensive Phenotype

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1340-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria García-Espinosa ◽  
Santiago Curcio ◽  
Marco Marotta ◽  
Juan M. Castro ◽  
Maite Arana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Pressure

Central aortic pressure improves prediction of cardiovascular events compared to peripheral blood pressure in short-term follow-up of a hypertensive cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Zuo ◽  
Guili Chang ◽  
Isabella Tan ◽  
Mark Butlin ◽  
Shao-li Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Blood Pressure

Alterations in cardiac [14C]deoxyglucose uptake induced by two renal afferent stimuli

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. R867-R877
Author(s):  
N. L. Herman ◽  
D. R. Kostreva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Renal Nerve Stimulation

The reflex effects of renal afferents on the heart were studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats (400-425 g) using 2-[14C]deoxyglucose (DG). Three groups of rats were given a single bolus injection of DG (100 mu Ci/kg) 1) six controls, 2) four with periodic electrical stimulation of the proximal end of a cut renal nerve (2 Hz, 0.5-ms width) and 1-mA current, and 3) six with intermittent renal venous occlusion (unilateral). Forty-five minutes after injection the heart was removed, cooled quickly, and frozen-sectioned. Sections 20 micron thick were exposed to film for 12 days. The resulting autoradiographs were scanned using a computerized densitometer, and these densities were converted to relative glucose utilization (GlU, mumol X 100 g-1 X min-1) using the lumped constant for rat brain. Both renal venous occlusion and renal afferent nerve stimulation resulted in a decrease in blood pressure of 6.7 +/- 0.6 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and 7.3 +/- 0.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001) and heart rate-blood pressure product of 5.6 +/- 0.7% (P less than 0.001) and 8.8 +/- 0.8% (P less than 0.001), respectively, and afferent renal nerve stimulation induced a decrease in heart rate of 7.2 +/- 0.9 beats/min (P less than 0.01). However, when compared with control, renal venous occlusion induced a significant increase in GlU in left ventricular myocardium (LV myo, P less than 0.05), endocardium (LV endo, P less than 0.001), and papillary muscle (LV pap, P less than 0.001), whereas afferent renal nerve stimulation induced a significant increase in GlU in LV endo (P less than 0.05) and LV pap (P less than 0.002) only. This study shows both a reflex increase in GlU for the rat heart and a decrease in heart rate with either renal vein occlusion or afferent renal nerve stimulation.

Effects of a Senso (Toad Venom) Containing Drug on Systemic Hemodynamics, Cardiac Function and Myocadial Oxygen Consumption in Anesthetized Dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Ojiri ◽  
Katsuhiko Noguchi ◽  
Matao Sakanashi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Stroke Work ◽  
Stroke Work Index ◽  
Pressure Peak ◽  
Toad Venom

Effects of a Senso (toad venom)-containing drug, KY, on cardiovascular system were examined in anesthetized open-chest dogs. KY increased aortic pressure, peak positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure, stroke work index, percent segment shortening in left ventricular myocardium and myocardial oxygen consumption, and decreased heart rate and total peripheral vascular resistance (TPR). Propranolol augmented the increase in aortic pressure with KY, inhibited the increase in aortic flow with KY and reversed KY-induced decrease in TPR to an increase. These results indicate that KY has positive inotropic and vasodilating actions possibly originating from both digitalis- and adrenaline-like action of a Senso.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological characteristics of the development of arterial hypertension in Yorkshire Terriers with alimentary obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
D. A. Korkots ◽  
Yu. A. Vatnikov ◽  
A. A. Rudenko ◽  
P. A. Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Alimentary Obesity ◽  
Yorkshire Terrier

Relevance. The study of the pathogenesis of obesity in domestic animals is an urgent problem in veterinary medicine, which is associated with the high prevalence of this pathological condition and a significant risk of complications from the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to present the pathophysiological characteristics of the development of arterial hypertension syndrome in obesity in Yorkshire Terrier dogs.Methods. In a comparative aspect, clinical, tonometric, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters were studied in obese patients (n = 13) and clinically healthy dogs (n = 7).Results. Our study shows the negative role of obesity in the development of arterial hypertension syndrome in Yorkshire Terrier dogs. It was also found that obesity in dogs is accompanied by impaired lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, the development of arterial hypertension and a tendency to the development of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium and hepatopathy.

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