Spaces of Memory

Abstracts The essay aims to explore the theme of memory in Petrarch’s Latin Works and in his intellectual experience, analysing especially one of the two metaphoric fields of memory, namely that which defines memory as a space that can be created, organised, filled with contents, and revisited with the specific aim of learning and discovering while remembering past events. Petrarch’s constant interest in the structure and processes of memory and in the heuristic quality of the act of remembering seems to be effectively condensed into some metaphors (like thesaurus, arca, arx, cella, etc.) involved with the idea of repository that can be depicted in different ways depending on whether the aim is that of emphasising the value of the memories contained in it, or its possible religious applications, or its creative function.

EROTICS AS A BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY

The figure and discourse of Diotima of Mantinea in Plato’s Symposium had a decisive influence on the Western tradition of women’s thought and on the foundation of a “hidden” branch of philosophy: Erotics, that is, the philosophical consideration of love, sexuality, gender identity, interpersonal relationships and particularly relationships of philia such as friendship. Although Erotics was not established as one of the canonical subdivisions of philosophy, numerous texts and theories prove its existence from antiquity to the present day. Diotima and other female philosophers make it clear that the Western tradition of women’s thought maintained a constant interest in the issues of Erotics. Making Erotics visible as a branch of philosophy situates the contributions of women thinkers in the philosophical canon, thereby transforming it.

A MAPPING OF THE LITERATURE ON ECONOPHYSICS

Econophysics is a relatively young discipline, being an interdisciplinary approach that applies methods and tools from physics in the economics, for studying the financial markets, or other economical phenomena. The objective is to create a mapping of the most used keywords in this topic, as well as the connections between countries and authors, based on citations. This article studies the literature on the topic of econophysics, using the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis was made with the free software VOSviewer, after extracting the data from 1364 articles, since the conception of the topic in 1996 until the year 2020. The software offered a useful network representation between the main keywords used in the field, or between countries and citations, and finally between authors, based on citations. The results evidenced a constant interest on the topic, with main keywords: ”econophysics”, ”financial markets”, ”dynamics”, ”model” and ”stock market”, and the relationships between countries and authors were shown, with the United States, China and Italy being the leading ones. We also found that the most cited authors are H.E. Stanley, the inventor of the word econophysics, Wei-Xing Zhou and Didier Sornette. This article shows the main concepts used in econophysics, which can serve as an indicator of its directions of research, as well as the top contributors in the field, since its inception. Future directions include expanding the analysis to other databases, or to concepts relevant to econophysics, to identify trends in research and the growth of the field.

SOME SPECIFICS OF THE RECEPTION OF KAZAKH LITERATURE IN GERMANY

In the article the author discusses the process of reception of Kazakh literature in Germany. Some features inherent in each stage of the development of the German reception of Kazakh literature are analyzed. For example, the descriptive and historical-cognitive nature of the perception of the first works of Kazakh writers, which were translated into German in the 1950s. The modern stage of the German reception is due to the predominance of in-depth analysis of the works of Kazakh authors. The names of modern participants in the process of German reception of Kazakh literature are presented. German researchers such as Leonard Kossuth,Sigrid Kleinmichel,Marcel Erdahl, Mark Kirchner, Friedrich Hitzer, Hans-Peter Durr and others are the active participants of the modern process of foreign reception of Kazakh literature. German professional readers analyze the artistic merits and style features of the works by Kazakh authors. They address the works of Kazakh authors with constant interest and evaluate them positively.

Healing in Christian Liturgy in Late Antique Egypt: Sources and Perspectives

Health and healing were of constant interest for Christian communities in late antique Egypt. Accordingly, a broad range of therapeutic rituals were on offer by the clergy, by monks, and in martyr shrines. Of all these, this paper explores prayers and gestures performed and substances consecrated in a liturgical context as well as some related practices, with a focus on the fourth and fifth centuries, from which most relevant sources hail. Besides reconstructing the rites themselves as far as the evidence allows – including intercessions for the sick, prayers for laying on of hands, and the consecration of oil (and water and bread) and the anointing of the sick in various liturgical contexts –, I also consider them as interpersonal therapeutic rituals and attempt to evaluate them through the lens of medical and anthropological placebo theories. With due attention to the methodological difficulties, I argue that the decline and transformation of liturgical healing rites after the fifth century may partially be explained with their modest ‘placebogenic potential’ compared to other rites on offer in the late antique ‘market of healing’.

THE STUDY OF THE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS OF PRACTICING FITNESS BY MEN IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

This paper reflects the results of a study on the motivational factors of practicing fitness by men in the Republic of Moldova. Starting from the data from the specialized scientificmethodical literature, as well as from the results of their own observations, a sociological survey was developed (15 questions), which was applied to a group of 40 men who attend various fitness clubs in Chisinau. The study highlighted a number of aspects, the most important being the following: the profile of the subjects; general aspects of their fitness); the reasons that determine them to practice fitness, according to the three categories: related to physical condition, psychoemotional and cognitive sphere, socio-professional sphere, in order to determine the dominant motivational factors, those of increased importance and those of low importance; the degree of subjects satisfaction after practicing fitness; the role it assigns to fitness trainer/instructor in obtaining their results. The model for determining the motivational factors of practicing fitness by men can be proposed for application to coaches in fitness centers in our country, which would help maintain a constant interest of the population and, implicitly, to streamline the fitness training process.

Отражение речевой стихии времени в произведениях Михаила Зощенко

In his works Mikhail Zoshchenko presented a brilliant sense of the common language which developed in Russia after the revolution of 1917, i.e. in a period of turbulent political changes and numerous social contradictions. The phenomenon of this writer is based on the constant interest of both readers and researchers in the specific language of his works. This is reflected in numerous statements by Zoshchenko’s characters. In their responses, dialogues and monologues there are a number of orthoepic, spelling, grammatical, word-forming, semantic, stylistic and syntactic deficiencies. The deviations concern the principles of inflection, declination, generic belonging, an illogical and non-normative expression relationships. The issues above are analysed in the present article. In Zoshchenko’s works, along with normative language, there coexist phenomena that are far from literary standards. His texts reflect the spoken language, which, like real communication, differs much from the normalized literary language. In order to show the spiritual and moral transformation of a man, Zoshchenko revealed and judged various distortions and defects in the post-revolutionary life of Russia. The writer chose for this short forms of narration – the short story, a tale, a sketch, a humoresque. The language of Zoshchenko’s works is characterized by the crossing of various semantic and stylistic structures. In one context, inherently incompatible words and expressions are combined. This technique generates many semantic and stylistic shifts. In fact, Zoshchenko reflected the language that was spoken by many people in the post-revolutionary period. The writer tried to represent much of the speech of that time and use it humorously.

Colombia of the 20th century: the history of the country in the history of cinema

Colombian cinema, the peculiarities of its development and problems, cannot be separated from the tragic and painful pages of the history of Colombia in the 20th century. In the panorama of the national cinematography’s of Latin America, the cinema of Colombia has long been on the side lines, significantly yielding to Argentina and Mexico, and also constantly experiencing pressure on the film market from Hollywood. Unlike Colombian literature, which conquered the world with "magical realism", the cinema of this country gravitates towards social realism. He is characterized by a bold approach to the most difficult and painful topics, a constant interest in the realities of the country's life. In this regard, when analysing Colombian cinematography, the most productive is the expansion of the boundaries of research in the field of historical memory, an appeal to the problem of violence and overcoming the trauma of the past.

Сomparative analysis of female images in F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels (based on the novels of Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov” and Fowles “The Collector”, “The Mistress of a French Lieutenant”, “The Magus”)

The purpose of the article is the comparative analysis of female images in F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels. The basic method applied in given research is the method of the comparative analysis F.M. Dostoevsky’s and J. Fowles’s novels. Dostoevsky and Fowles are in searches of root of all evil. Both of them are assured that in human spirit are indissolubly merged kindly and angrily, God and Satan. In a shower of hero Dostoevsky indissolubly merge “an ideal of the Madonna” with “an ideal Sodom”. The woman is present at a life of the man as elements. The woman is only temptation and passion of men. In female images of the writer, unlike man’s characters, there is no change at soul level. Unlike Dostoevsky, products of Fowles testify to constant interest of the writer to a problematic “eternal feminist”. In novels of Fowles of the woman have the personal space. Dostoevsky’s heroes submit to life laws; they through great suffering come to humility. But heroes of Fowles to themselves create laws and submit only to the rules. The article contains important conceptual conclusions on the problems of the realistic novel of the 19th century and the postmodern novel of the 20th centuries, defines the peculiarities of the traditions of F.M. Dostoevsky and J. Fowles. The presented work provides an opportunity to take a fresh look at the cult works written in the 19th–20th centuries. F.M. Dostoevsky as the “founder” of neo-mythological consciousness — the cultural paradigm of the 20th century — gave J. Fowles valuable “tips” against the background of modern literary thought and his comparison with the mythopoetic thought of the English writer was especially embodied in mythological premises associated with the sphere of deepest questions of ethics and religious metaphysics.