Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Healthy Adult Males: Immuno-Bio-Chemical Study

The few studies carried out on the effects of Ramadan fasting (RF) on spirometric values present contradictory conclusions. This study aimed at assessing whether RF affects healthy adults’ spirometric values. Twenty-nine nonsmoking healthy males ( M ± standard error of mean [ SEM] of age: 27 ± 1 years) who fasted during Ramadan (June 29-July 28, 2014) volunteered to the study. Three periods (before-Ramadan [June 23-25], mid-Ramadan [July 14-16] and after-Ramadan [August 11-14]) were selected for spirometry measurements that were consistently performed 5.5 to 3.5 hours (between 15:00 and 17:00 hours) before fasting break. Assessment sessions comprised following: weight (kg), forced vital capacity (FVC), first second expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid expiratory flow (MMEF), and forced expiratory flow rate at the x% of FVC to be exhaled (FEF x%). Spirometric data were expressed in percentages of reference values. Results were analyzed by applying repeated measures analysis of variance. The M ± SEM of weight (before-R: 81.6 ± 2.8 kg, mid-R: 80.8 ± 2.9 kg, after-R: 81.2 ± 2.9 kg), FEV1 (before-R: 99 ± 2%, mid-R: 98 ± 2%, after-R: 98 ± 2%), FVC (before-R: 103 ± 2%, mid-R: 101 ± 2%, after-R: 101 ± 2%), PEF (before-R: 112 ± 3%, mid-R: 113 ± 2%, after-R: 114 ± 3%), MMEF (before-R: 83 ± 3%, mid-R: 83 ± 3%, after-R: 82 ± 3%), FEF25% (before-R: 90 ± 5%, mid-R: 89 ± 6%, after-R: 87 ± 6%), FEF50% (before-R: 94 ± 4%, mid-R: 91 ± 4%, after-R: 93 ± 3%), and FEF75% (before-R: 108 ± 3%, mid-R: 111 ± 2%, after-R:111 ± 3%) were not significantly influenced by RF. To conclude, RF did not bring about any significant changes in the spirometric values of nonsmoking healthy adult males.

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A racial difference in incidence of lactase deficiency. A survey of milk intolerance and lactase deficiency in healthy adult males

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.197.12.968 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 197 (12) ◽

pp. 968-972 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

T. M. Bayless

Keyword(s):

Racial Difference ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Adult Males ◽

Lactase Deficiency ◽

Milk Intolerance

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A Two-part Pharmacokinetic Study of PXS-5382A in Healthy Adult Males

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04183517 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Pharmacokinetic Study ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Adult Males

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Oral Glucose Augments the Counterregulatory Hormone Response during Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Humans1

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.86.2.7198 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 645-648

Author(s):

Rubina A. Heptulla ◽

William V. Tamborlane ◽

Tony Y.-Z. Ma ◽

Fran Rife ◽

Robert S. Sherwin.

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Glucose Sensors ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Adult Males ◽

Hormone Response ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Acute Hypoglycemia

It has been suggested that the counterregulatory hormone (CRH) response to acute hypoglycemia is triggered via glucose sensors situated in either the hypothalamus or the portohepatic area. If the latter were critical during hypoglycemia, one would anticipate that ingestion of glucose, by raising glucose levels in the portal circulation, should attenuate CRH responses previously described in animal studies. To evaluate the effect of raising portal, but not peripheral, glucose levels during insulin-induced hypoglycemia, we performed hypoglycemic clamp studies in five healthy adult males on two occasions. On one occasion, subjects received oral glucose (OG) (25 g) during hypoglycemia; and on one occasion, noncarbohydrate-containing drink of equal volume, while maintaining plasma glucose at 55 ± 2 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). As a result, there were no significant differences in systemic plasma glucose levels between the two hypoglycemic clamp studies, and basal CRH concentrations were also similar. As expected, there was a brisk rise in all CRH during the control (hypoglycemia+noncarbohydrate drink) study. In the experimental study, administration of OG (hypoglycemia+OG), to raise intraportal glucose levels during systemic hypoglycemia, did not attenuate CRH responses. Indeed, OG enhanced the rise in epinephrine, glucagon, and GH. Increases in cortisol and norepinephrine did not differ between the two studies. Therefore, our data suggest that increasing the level of glucose in the portal vein above that in the systemic circulation, during hypoglycemia, enhances (rather than suppresses) CRH responses. Thus, ingestion of glucose may reverse hypoglycemia directly by provision of substrate, as well as indirectly by stimulating counteregulatory mechanisms.

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Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on intraocular pressure among healthy adult males

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep200048 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S. Ezhilnila ◽

S. Brinda ◽

A. Meena ◽

P.J. Samuel

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽

South Indian Population ◽

Adult Males ◽

Handgrip Exercise ◽

Isometric Handgrip ◽

South Indian ◽

Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Glaucoma is the main cause for irreversible blindness in India. The main determinant of glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure (IOP) which is influenced by many factors. One of the main factors is physical exercise. Objective of this study is to exhibit the effect of isometric handgrip exercise using Smedley’s handgrip dynamometer on IOP among young adult males in the south Indian population. In this quasi experimental study, 150 young healthy adult male subjects with ages between 15 to 40 years were selected on the basis of fulfilling our inclusion and exclusion criteria with the help of a questionnaire. Baseline IOP and maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the subjects were measured using non-contact tonometer and Smedley’s Handgrip Dynamometer, respectively. The subjects were instructed to hold the handgrip dynamometer with 20% of MVC in sustained manner for minimum 2 min or until fatigue sets in. IOP were measured on both eyes immediately and 15 min following exercise and IOP variation was analysed using paired t-test. A small but significant decrease in IOP was noted immediately as well as 15 min following exercise. Average fall in right eye was 1.75 mm Hg immediately and 2.14 mm Hg 15 min following exercise (P<0.01). The average fall in the left eye was 1.62 mm Hg immediately and 1.91 mm Hg after 15 min (P<0.01). Isometric handgrip exercise of the single upper limb showed significant reduction of IOP on both eyes following exercise and the decrease was much higher 15 min after exercise. This result can be extrapolated and clinically applied for glaucoma prevention and supplemented as lifestyle modification during glaucoma treatment.

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Association of Leukocyte with Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Trained and Untrained Healthy Adult Males

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajaps.2017.186.189 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 186-189

Author(s):

Musa Ibrahim ◽

Mabrouk Mohammed Abdul-Aziz ◽

Nafiu Abdurazaq Bidemi

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Adult Males

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Hand grip strength determination for healthy males in Saudi Arabia: A study of the relationship with age, body mass index, hand length and forearm circumference using a hand-held dynamometer

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060516688976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 540-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Khalid A Alahmari ◽

S. Paul Silvian ◽

Ravi Shankar Reddy ◽

Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi ◽

Irshad Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Healthy Adult ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Adult Males ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Hand Length ◽

Healthy Males

Objectives To determine whether age, body mass index (BMI), hand length and forearm circumference were predictive of hand grip strength in healthy Saudi Arabian adult males. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study recruited healthy adult male volunteers. Their anthropometric characteristics including age, BMI, hand length and forearm circumference were measured using routine techniques. Hand grip strength was assessed using a Jamar® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. The data were analysed using Pearson correlation coefficient ( r) as well as by a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results The study included 116 healthy males who satisfied the inclusion criteria. A Pearson correlation coefficient matrix demonstrated that all the four measures, age, BMI, hand length and forearm circumference, were significantly correlated with hand grip strength. Age had an inverse correlation with hand grip strength. The anthropometric measures of hand length, age and forearm circumference accounted for 44.2% (R2 0.442) of the variation of the hand grip strength. Conclusion Hand length, age and forearm circumference significantly impacted on hand grip strength in Saudi Arabian healthy adult males.

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