scholarly journals Scratch-induced partial skin wounds re-epithelialize by sheets of independently migrating keratinocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e202000765
Author(s):  
Laura Bornes ◽  
Reinhard Windoffer ◽  
Rudolf E Leube ◽  
Jessica Morgner ◽  
Jacco van Rheenen
Keyword(s):  
Intravital Microscopy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Scratch Wound ◽  
Suprabasal Keratinocytes

Re-epithelialization is a crucial process to reestablish the protective barrier upon wounding of the skin. Although this process is well described for wounds where the complete epidermis and dermis is damaged, little is known about the re-epithelialization strategy in more frequently occurring smaller scratch wounds in which structures such as the hair follicles and sweat glands stay intact. To study this, we established a scratch wound model to follow individual keratinocytes in all epidermal layers in the back skin of mice by intravital microscopy. We discover that keratinocytes adopt a re-epithelialization strategy that enables them to bypass immobile obstacles such as hair follicles. Wound-induced cell loss is replenished by proliferation in a distinct zone away from the wound and this proliferation does not affect overall migration pattern. Whereas suprabasal keratinocytes are rather passive, basal keratinocytes move as a sheet of independently migrating cells into the wound, thereby constantly changing their direct neighboring cells enabling them to bypass intact obstacles. This re-epithelialization strategy results in a fast re-establishment of the protective skin barrier upon wounding.

scholarly journals Bioengineered Skin Substitutes: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Vascularization in the Healing of Deep Wounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Urciuolo ◽  
Costantino Casale ◽  
Giorgia Imparato ◽  
Paolo A. Netti
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Skin Tissue Engineering ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Bioengineered Skin ◽  
A Current

The formation of severe scars still represents the result of the closure process of extended and deep skin wounds. To address this issue, different bioengineered skin substitutes have been developed but a general consensus regarding their effectiveness has not been achieved yet. It will be shown that bioengineered skin substitutes, although representing a valid alternative to autografting, induce skin cells in repairing the wound rather than guiding a regeneration process. Repaired skin differs from regenerated skin, showing high contracture, loss of sensitivity, impaired pigmentation and absence of cutaneous adnexa (i.e., hair follicles and sweat glands). This leads to significant mobility and aesthetic concerns, making the development of more effective bioengineered skin models a current need. The objective of this review is to determine the limitations of either commercially available or investigational bioengineered skin substitutes and how advanced skin tissue engineering strategies can be improved in order to completely restore skin functions after severe wounds.

scholarly journals Tissue engineering of skin and regenerative medicine for wound care

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Boyce ◽  
Andrea L. Lalley
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Total Body Surface Area ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Skin Wounds ◽  
Skin Substitutes ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Skin Cell

Abstract ᅟ Engineering of biologic skin substitutes has progressed over time from individual applications of skin cells, or biopolymer scaffolds, to combinations of cells and scaffolds for treatment, healing, and closure of acute and chronic skin wounds. Skin substitutes may be categorized into three groups: acellular scaffolds, temporary substitutes containing allogeneic skin cells, and permanent substitutes containing autologous skin cells. Combined use of acellular dermal substitutes with permanent skin substitutes containing autologous cells has been shown to provide definitive wound closure in burns involving greater than 90% of the total body surface area. These advances have contributed to reduced morbidity and mortality from both acute and chronic wounds but, to date, have failed to replace all of the structures and functions of the skin. Among the remaining deficiencies in cellular or biologic skin substitutes are hypopigmentation, absence of stable vascular and lymphatic networks, absence of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, and incomplete innervation. Correction of these deficiencies depends on regulation of biologic pathways of embryonic and fetal development to restore the full anatomy and physiology of uninjured skin. Elucidation and integration of developmental biology into future models of biologic skin substitutes promises to restore complete anatomy and physiology, and further reduce morbidity from skin wounds and scar. This article offers a review of recent advances in skin cell thrapies and discusses the future prospects in cutaneous regeneration.

Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide-induced keratinocyte migration in a scratch-wound model

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin Eng Kiat Loo ◽  
Rongjian Ho ◽  
Barry Halliwell
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Keratinocyte Migration ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Scratch Wound

scholarly journals The Sweat Glands and Hair Follicles of European Cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mcewan Jenkinson ◽  
T Nay
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Sweat Gland ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Cattle

Measurements were made on the skins of 1363 cattle from different European breeds. The mean values of these measurements have been tabulated for each breed and the skin types present in each breed or group of breeds have been determined using sweat gland shape (LID) and hair follicle depth (FrY) as the principal bases of comparison.

Differential antigen expression between human eccrine sweat glands and hair follicles/pilosebaceous units

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Cao ◽  
Liyun Chen ◽  
Haihong Li ◽  
Zairong Wei ◽  
Sitian Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat

scholarly journals Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Gorzelanny ◽  
Christian Mess ◽  
Stefan W. Schneider ◽  
Volker Huck ◽  
Johanna M. Brandner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Hair Follicles

Although, drugs are required in the various skin compartments such as viable epidermis, dermis, or hair follicles, to efficiently treat skin diseases, drug delivery into and across the skin is still challenging. An improved understanding of skin barrier physiology is mandatory to optimize drug penetration and permeation. The various barriers of the skin have to be known in detail, which means methods are needed to measure their functionality and outside-in or inside-out passage of molecules through the various barriers. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about mechanical barriers, i.e., stratum corneum and tight junctions, in interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles and glands. Furthermore, we discuss the barrier properties of the basement membrane and dermal blood vessels. Barrier alterations found in skin of patients with atopic dermatitis are described. Finally, we critically compare the up-to-date applicability of several physical, biochemical and microscopic methods such as transepidermal water loss, impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, immunohistochemical stainings, optical coherence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy to distinctly address the different barriers and to measure permeation through these barriers in vitro and in vivo.

Congenital Subgaleal (Epidermoid) Inclusion Cyst of the Anterior Fontanel in a Mexican Female Child: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Román Garza-Mercado ◽  
Dagoberto Tamez-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Epidermoid Cyst ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Radical Excision ◽  
Anterior Fontanel ◽  
Inclusion Cyst ◽  
Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst

Abstract A 30-month-old Mexican girl with an inclusion subgaleal cyst located over the anterior fontanel is described. This is the first such case ever diagnosed at our institution and, we believe, the first reported from Mexico. Radical excision of the lesion was accomplished. The internal table of the skull was eroded, but no intracranial extension was noticed. As the cyst contained no hair follicles nor any sebaceous or sweat glands, it was histologically classified as an epidermoid cyst. This is another example of such a lesion in an infant of non-African descent.

scholarly journals SURG-08. SUPRASELLAR DERMOID CYST IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii462-iii462
Author(s):  
Carlos Almeida ◽  
Bruna Minniti Mançano ◽  
Gisele Caravina Almeida ◽  
Gilda D’Agostino Eugui ◽  
Carlos Bezerra Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Dermoid Cyst ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Optic Chiasm ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Left Lateral Ventricle

Abstract BACKGROUND Intracranial dermoid cysts (DC) are rare congenital non-neoplastic lesions that account for 0.04 – 0.6% of all intracranial tumors. They are formed by a fibrous capsule composed of epidermal and dermal derivatives (hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands), enclosing a viscous fluid. Intradural DC often arise in the midline and are more common in infratentorial locations. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old male patient presented with headache, partial motor seizures and behavioral changes. Neurological examination and endocrine workup revealed no abnormalities. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion that was 4.4cm x 2.2cm x 4.4cm in size, located at supraselar region, and extended superiorly to the left lateral ventricle and anterolaterally to the left orbitofrontal lobe, associated with hyperintense fat droplets in the right lateral ventricle. We performed a left transventricular microsurgical approach. The tumor capsule was coagulated and opened and a subtotal resection with peacemeal removal of the the lesion was obtained: it had gelatinous consistency, composed of droplets of fat and hair and keratinized scamous epihelium content. A total removal of the DC capsule was not possible due to its firm adherence to optic chiasm and to hypothalamus. Histological examination revealed dermoid cyst. CONCLUSION Surgery is the only effective treatment, and its goal should be the radical resection of the lesion to avoid recurrence. Whenever radical resection is not possible, because of the adhesions of the cyst capsule to surrounding tissues, a subtotal resection with piecemeal removal may be a satisfactory option in such cases to avoid high morbidity.

YKL-40 expression in naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 18019-18019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schmidt ◽  
A. Roslind ◽  
J. S. Johansen ◽  
D. L. Nielsen ◽  
P. A. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Invasive Tumor

18019 Background: Elevated serum levels of the protein YKL-40 are associated with a poor prognosis in several solid tumors including melanoma (H. Schmidt, JCO 2006, Cancer 2006 in press). YKL-40 is secreted by cancer cells, macrophages and neutrophils. The function of YKL-40 is only poorly understood. It may be a growth or differentiation factor, play a role in angiogenesis or protect against apoptosis. The aim was to describe the tissue expression of YKL-40 in naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin by immunohistochemistry. Methods: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 40 patients with different naevocellular naevi, carcinomas and melanomas of the skin were developed with EnVision+ System-HRP K4007 (DakoCytomation) using a monoclonal antibody against YKL-40. The intensity of YKL-40 staining was scored using a semi-quantitative method. Results: YKL-40 protein expression appeared as a cytoplasmic, granular staining with no staining of membranes, nuclei or extracellular matrix. In normal skin the basal epithelial layer stained weakly positive. Melanocytes and melanophages stained negative. Macrophages and leucocytes stained positive. Hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands stained positive. Three basal cell carcinomas all stained positive. In 10 squamous cell carcinomas, the epidermal components stained positive and the invasive tumor islands were negative. In 3 keratoacanthomas, the epithelial components as well as the infiltrative tumor islands stained positive. In naevi (2 junctional, 5 compound and 1 intradermal) the epithelial components stained positive, the intradermal components stained negative. In melanomas the tumor cells stained positive in 9 of 10 specimens. Both the epidermal and the invasive components of melanomas stained positive. Three melanoma metastases all stained positive. Conclusions: YKL-40 is expressed in normal skin and in benign and malignant lesions of the skin. Generally, YKL-40 expression is increased in cells of high activity, although the invasive tumor islands of squamous cell carcinomas stain negative. In melanomas, the tumor cells may be a source of the elevated YKL-40 serum levels observed in these patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Pathologic S-phase in the cells of eccrine sweat glands and of hair follicles in psoriasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Galosi ◽  
Helmut Pullmann ◽  
Gerd Klaus Steigleder
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicles ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands ◽  
Eccrine Sweat
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