scholarly journals The Consequences of Exposure to Violence during Early Childhood

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionissi Aliprantis ◽  
Anne Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Young Males ◽  
The Impact

We investigate the impact that exposure to violence in childhood has on an individual's propensity to engage in risky behaviors later in life and their probability of dying young. We document that black young males in the United States are exposed to much more violence in early childhood than their white counterparts. We also show that exposure to violence has a strong relationship with a host of undesirable later outcomes, and that relationship tends to be the same regardless of race, household income, mother's educational attainment, or family structure.

Determinants of Homeownership among Immigrants: Changes during the Great Recession and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Mundra ◽  
Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recession Period

In this paper, we explore factors correlated with immigrant homeownership before and after the Great Recession. We focus solely on immigrants because of recent evidence that suggests homeownership rates declined less for immigrants than natives in the United States during the recession and onward. Specifically, we examine to what extent an immigrant's income, savings, length of stay in the destination country, citizenship status, and birthplace networks affected the probability of homeownership before the recession, and how these impacts on homeownership changed since the recession. We examine these questions using microdata for the years 2000–2012. Our results suggest that citizenship status, birthplace network, family size, savings, household income, and length of stay are significant for an immigrant's homeownership. In comparing the pre‐recession period to the period afterward, we find that the impact of birthplace networks on homeownership probabilities doubled while the impact of savings slightly declined.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Gardening in the United States: Postpandemic Expectations

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
David San Fratello ◽  
Benjamin L. Campbell ◽  
William G. Secor ◽  
Julie H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the way many consumers and businesses transacted business. Concerning the green industry, many households began gardening and/or purchased more green industry products. As the pandemic ends and households begin to return to normal, green industry firms need to understand this new normal. Using an online national survey of households, we assessed which households were more likely to remain in the market after entering during the height of the pandemic (2020). Findings indicated that younger consumers (i.e., Millennials and younger individuals who were born in 1985 or after) were less likely to indicate they always garden (before the pandemic) but more likely to have started gardening during the pandemic and perceived that they would not continue to garden as states returned to normal (2021). This age group was also more likely to not have gardened in 2020, but they intended to garden in 2021. This finding shows a dichotomy in gardening preferences in this young age group. Further findings indicated that race, household income, number of children in the household, and the impact of the pandemic on the household also help explain the household’s decision to garden or not.

Standardizing Latinx early childhood educators: (Un)intended consequences of policy reform to professionalize the workforce

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-738
Author(s):  
Leanna Lucero ◽  
Blanca Araujo ◽  
Michelle Salazar Pérez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Teacher Education Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Childhood Educators ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
The Impact

The field of early childhood and its teacher education programs, globally, have experienced intensified policy reforms to “professionalize” the workforce. This has had (un)intended consequences of standardizing how Latinx preservice educators in the United States have learned about engaging in early years education and care. To discuss the impact of these (un)intended consequences, we first describe the historical context around standardized testing and the policies that support their use for teacher licensure in the United States and New Mexico, where our teacher education program resides. We then problematize these policies and provide examples of approaches used to counter the (un)intended consequences of such reforms. Finally, we make recommendations for future policy reforms that rethink teacher education and licensure programs, so that they value and centralize the often-marginalized knowledge of Latinx early childhood educators and teacher educators.

scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic, demographic and climate factors on the regional distribution of dengue in the United States and Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Watts ◽  
Panagiota Kotsila ◽  
P. Graham Mortyn ◽  
Victor Sarto i Monteys ◽  
Cesira Urzi Brancati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background This study examines the impact of climate, socio-economic and demographic factors on the incidence of dengue in regions of the United States and Mexico. We select factors shown to predict dengue at a local level and test whether the association can be generalized to the regional or state level. In addition, we assess how different indicators perform compared to per capita gross domestic product (GDP), an indicator that is commonly used to predict the future distribution of dengue. Methods A unique spatial-temporal dataset was created by collating information from a variety of data sources to perform empirical analyses at the regional level. Relevant regions for the analysis were selected based on their receptivity and vulnerability to dengue. A conceptual framework was elaborated to guide variable selection. The relationship between the incidence of dengue and the climate, socio-economic and demographic factors was modelled via a Generalized Additive Model (GAM), which also accounted for the spatial and temporal auto-correlation. Results The socio-economic indicator (representing household income, education of the labour force, life expectancy at birth, and housing overcrowding), as well as more extensive access to broadband are associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue; by contrast, population growth and inter-regional migration are associated with higher incidence, after taking climate into account. An ageing population is also a predictor of higher incidence, but the relationship is concave and flattens at high rates. The rate of active physicians is associated with higher incidence, most likely because of more accurate reporting. If focusing on Mexico only, results remain broadly similar, however, workforce education was a better predictor of a drop in the incidence of dengue than household income. Conclusions Two lessons can be drawn from this study: first, while higher GDP is generally associated with a drop in the incidence of dengue, a more granular analysis reveals that the crucial factors are a rise in education (with fewer jobs in the primary sector) and better access to information or technological infrastructure. Secondly, factors that were shown to have an impact of dengue at the local level are also good predictors at the regional level. These indices may help us better understand factors responsible for the global distribution of dengue and also, given a warming climate, may help us to better predict vulnerable populations on a larger scale.

Zigler's conceptualization of diversity: Implications for the early childhood development workforce

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cynthia García Coll ◽  
Kia L. Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Childhood Settings

Abstract The United States is entering a pivotal period in history, led by extraordinary shifts in the demographic makeup of children who are in need of medical, educational, and developmental services. For the first time in this country's history, the majority of children are being born to non-white populations. Simultaneously, racism (personal, institutional, and systemic) is now being recognized as a powerful social determinant of children's mental and physical health by the time they enter kindergarten. It is crucial to evaluate how early childhood development (ECD) settings are prepared to authentically engage racially diverse children. In this paper, we critically analyze the narratives of the architect of Head Start, Dr. Edward Zigler, and investigate his evolving contributions to early childhood programming. We propose that Zigler's conceptualization of culture and its impact on children's development, although advanced for his time, had historical limitations that have perpetuated the personal, institutional, and systemic racism that children of color experience in early childhood settings. This paper concludes with suggestions to include topics covering implicit bias, white privilege, and the impact of slavery, colonization, and oppression as core principles in professional training. Only then will we be able to eliminate racism across early childhood settings in the United States.

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