scholarly journals Some Results of Digital (in situ) Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution with Gaseous Impurities in the Central Ecological Zone of South Baikal

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
◽  
V. A. Obolkin ◽  
E. V. Molozhnikova ◽  
M. Yu. Shikhovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
South Baikal

The article presents the results of continuous automatic monitoring of atmospheric transport of pollutants in the source area of the Angara river (South Baikal) at the "Listvyanka" atmospheric monitoring station in 2019-2020. The temporal variability of the concentrations of oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury in the atmosphere of the сentral ecological zone of the lake Baikal is analyzed with high resolution from minutes to days. The use of automatic high-resolution gas analyzers for atmospheric impurities and meteorological parameters allows real-time monitoring of the flow of atmospheric pollution into the сentral ecological zone of South Baikal. Depending on the meteorological and synoptic conditions, observations demonstrate a high variability in the concentrations of anthropogenic impurities in the atmosphere over South Baikal. It is shown that the most severe atmospheric pollution occurs during the transfer of air masses from the north-northwest in winter. When transported from the South Baikal, atmospheric pollution is minimal. The temporal variability of the concentrations of the studied impurities occurs synchronously, which indicates their common source of origin – the combustion of fossil fuel. The highest time fluctuations are determined for the concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, the fluctuations in mercury concentrations are less significant. The average (median) and maximum (one-time) concentrations of sulfur oxides at "Listvyanka" station are given, depending on the prevailing wind directions. Direct trajectories of air mass transfer from the source cities of the Irkutsk region (Irkutsk, Angarsk, Shelekhov) are presented. At the time of the increase in the concentration of gas impurities at the "Listvyanka" station, pollution was transferred from the industrial complexes of the Baikal region. In the conclusion of the article, it is concluded that there are two main mechanisms of atmospheric pollution in the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal: direct transfer of individual weakly scattered plumes of separate regional thermal power plants with jet air currents at the upper boundary of the night boundary layers of the atmosphere (from 200 to 500 m above ground level); large-scale northwestern transport of mixed emissions from many regional and remote sources under the influence of synoptic-scale processes. Small settlements located on the coast, due to small volumes of emissions, do not make a significant contribution to the pollution of the lake's atmosphere. The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant No. 075-15-2020-787 for implementation of large scientific project "Fundamentals, methods and technologies for digital monitoring and forecasting of the environmental situation on the Baikal natural territory".

scholarly journals Surface mass balance and water stable isotopes derived from firn cores on three ice rises, Fimbul Ice Shelf, Antarctica

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2763-2777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen P. Vega ◽  
Elisabeth Schlosser ◽  
Dmitry V. Divine ◽  
Jack Kohler ◽  
Tõnu Martma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Surface Mass Balance ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Water Stable Isotope

Abstract. Three shallow firn cores were retrieved in the austral summers of 2011/12 and 2013/14 on the ice rises Kupol Ciolkovskogo (KC), Kupol Moskovskij (KM), and Blåskimen Island (BI), all part of Fimbul Ice Shelf (FIS) in western Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. The cores were dated back to 1958 (KC), 1995 (KM), and 1996 (BI) by annual layer counting using high-resolution oxygen isotope (δ18O) data, and by identifying volcanic horizons using non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO42−) data. The water stable isotope records show that the atmospheric signature of the annual snow accumulation cycle is well preserved in the firn column, especially at KM and BI. We are able to determine the annual surface mass balance (SMB), as well as the mean SMB values between identified volcanic horizons. Average SMB at the KM and BI sites (0.68 and 0.70 mw. e. yr−1) was higher than at the KC site (0.24 mw. e. yr−1), and there was greater temporal variability as well. Trends in the SMB and δ18O records from the KC core over the period of 1958–2012 agree well with other previously investigated cores in the area, thus the KC site could be considered the most representative of the climate of the region. Cores from KM and BI appear to be more affected by local meteorological conditions and surface topography. Our results suggest that the ice rises are suitable sites for the retrieval of longer firn and ice cores, but that BI has the best preserved seasonal cycles of the three records and is thus the most optimal site for high-resolution studies of temporal variability of the climate signal. Deuterium excess data suggest a possible effect of seasonal moisture transport changes on the annual isotopic signal. In agreement with previous studies, large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns most likely provide the dominant influence on water stable isotope ratios preserved at the core sites.

scholarly journals Shipborne And Ground-Based Lidar Monitoring of the Atmosphere Over the Lake Baikal in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Yurii S. Balin ◽  
Marina G. Klemasheva ◽  
Grigorii P. Kokhanenko ◽  
Sergey V. Nasonov ◽  
Ioganes E. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
The South ◽  
Ground Based Lidar ◽  
Background Area

The paper presents the results of studies aimed at the analysis and assessment of atmospheric pollution over the Lake Baikal in the summer. This information is necessary to create physical models of the formation and transfer of atmospheric aerosol fields, taking into account the physical and geographical features of the Baikal region. Measurements were carried out by a lidar «LOSA-A2» installed on the scientific-research vessel «Academician V.A. Koptyug». The vessel’s route passed along the South, Middle and Northern Baikal, from July 15, 2018 to July 26, 2018. At the same time, observations were conducted using lidar «LOSA-M2». It was located in the background area at Boyarsky stationary site (51.84° N, 106.06° E), in the south-eastern part of the lake. The results of changes in the spatial structure of atmospheric aerosol fields in background conditions and during forest fires are shown.

A 300-Year High-Resolution Greenland Ice Record of Large-Scale Atmospheric Pollution by Arsenic in the Northern Hemisphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 12999-13008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanghyun Lee ◽  
Changhee Han ◽  
Sang-Bum Hong ◽  
Seong-Joon Jun ◽  
Yeongcheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Large Scale

Estimates of pedestrian exposure to atmospheric pollution using high-resolution modelling in a real traffic hot-spot

2021 ◽  
Vol 755 ◽  
pp. 142475
Author(s):  
J.L. Santiago ◽  
R. Borge ◽  
B. Sanchez ◽  
C. Quaassdorff ◽  
D. de la Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Real Traffic

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective In Situ Zooplankton Monitoring System Based on Novel Illumination Optimization

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3471
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Du ◽  
Chunlei Xia ◽  
Longwen Fu ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Bowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Led Array

A cost-effective and low-power-consumption underwater microscopic imaging system was developed to capture high-resolution zooplankton images in real-time. In this work, dark-field imaging was adopted to reduce backscattering and background noise. To produce an accurate illumination, a novel illumination optimization scheme for the light-emitting diode (LED) array was proposed and applied to design a lighting system for the underwater optical imaging of zooplankton. A multiple objective genetic algorithm was utilized to find the best location of the LED array, which resulted in the specific illumination level and most homogeneous irradiance in the target area. The zooplankton imaging system developed with the optimal configuration of LEDs was tested with Daphnia magna under laboratory conditions. The maximal field of view was 16 mm × 13 mm and the optical resolution was 15 μm. The experimental results showed that the imaging system developed could capture high-resolution and high-definition images of Daphnia. Subsequently, Daphnia individuals were accurately segmented and their geometrical characters were measured by using a classical image processing algorithm. This work provides a cost-effective zooplankton measuring system based on an optimization illumination configuration of an LED array, which has a great potential for minimizing the investment and operating costs associated with long-term in situ monitoring of the physiological state and population conditions of zooplankton.

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