A 300-Year High-Resolution Greenland Ice Record of Large-Scale Atmospheric Pollution by Arsenic in the Northern Hemisphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 12999-13008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanghyun Lee ◽  
Changhee Han ◽  
Sang-Bum Hong ◽  
Seong-Joon Jun ◽  
Yeongcheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Large Scale

A 300-year high resolution Greenland ice record of large-scale atmospheric pollution by arsenic in the Northern Hemisphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanghyun Lee ◽  
Changhee Han ◽  
Seong-Joon Jun ◽  
Jong Ik Lee ◽  
Sungmin Hong
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
The First World War

<p>We report the first high-resolution record of arsenic (As) observed in Greenland snow and ice for the periods 1711 to 1970 and 2003 to 2009 AD. The results show well-defined large-scale atmospheric pollution by this toxic element in the Northern Hemisphere, beginning as early as the 18th century. The most striking feature is an abrupt, unprecedented enrichment factor (EF) peak in the late 1890s, with a ~30-fold increase in the mean value above the Holocene natural level. Highly enriched As was evident until the late 1910s; a sharp decline was observed after the First World War, reaching a minimum in the early 1930s during the Great Depression. A subsequent increase lasted until the mid-1950s, before decreasing again. Comparisons between the observed variations and Cu smelting data indicate that Cu smelting in Europe and North America was the likely source of early anthropogenic As in Greenland. Despite a significant reduction of ~80% in concentration and ~60% in EF from the 1950s to the 2000s, more than 80% of present-day As in Greenland is of anthropogenic origin, probably due to increasing As emissions from coal combustion in China. This highlights the demand for the implementation of national and international environmental regulations to further reduce As emissions.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of a unique approach to high-resolution climate modeling using the Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3725-3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison C. Michaelis ◽  
Gary M. Lackmann ◽  
Walter A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
General Circulation Models

Abstract. We present multi-seasonal simulations representative of present-day and future environments using the global Model for Prediction Across Scales – Atmosphere (MPAS-A) version 5.1 with high resolution (15 km) throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We select 10 simulation years with varying phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and integrate each for 14.5 months. We use analyzed sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for present-day simulations. For the future climate simulations, we alter present-day SSTs by applying monthly-averaged temperature changes derived from a 20-member ensemble of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) following the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario. Daily sea ice fields, obtained from the monthly-averaged CMIP5 ensemble mean sea ice, are used for present-day and future simulations. The present-day simulations provide a reasonable reproduction of large-scale atmospheric features in the Northern Hemisphere such as the wintertime midlatitude storm tracks, upper-tropospheric jets, and maritime sea-level pressure features as well as annual precipitation patterns across the tropics. The simulations also adequately represent tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics such as strength, spatial distribution, and seasonal cycles for most Northern Hemisphere basins. These results demonstrate the applicability of these model simulations for future studies examining climate change effects on various Northern Hemisphere phenomena, and, more generally, the utility of MPAS-A for studying climate change at spatial scales generally unachievable in GCMs.

High resolution CO2 record of the great Plio-Pleistocene glaciations using boron isotopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Brown ◽  
Thomas Chalk ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Eelco Rohling ◽  
Gavin Foster
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Boron Isotope ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Proxy Record ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Great Transition ◽  
Adequate Test

<p>The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at 3.4-2.5 million years ago (Ma) represents the last great transition in Cenozoic climate state with the development of large scale ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere that waxed and waned with changes in insolation. Declining atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels are widely suggested to have been the main cause of iNHG but the CO<sub>2</sub> proxy record is too poorly resolved to provide an adequate test of this hypothesis. The boron isotope-pH proxy, in particular, has shown promise when it comes to accurately estimating past CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and is very good at reconstructing relative changes in CO<sub>2</sub> on orbital timescales. Here we present a new orbitally resolved record of atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>(1 sample per 3 kyr) change from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 999 (12.74˚N, -78.74 ˚E) spanning ~2.6–2.4 Ma based on the boron isotope (δ<sup>11</sup>B) composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite, <em>Globingerinoides ruber</em> (senso stricto, white).  We find that δ<sup>11</sup>B values of <em>G. ruber</em> show clear glacial-interglacial cycles with a magnitude that is similar to those of the Mid-Pleistocene at the same site and elsewhere.  This new high-resolution view of CO<sub>2</sub> during the first large glacial events of the Pleistocene confirms the importance of CO<sub>2</sub> in amplifying orbital forcing of climate and offers new insights into the mechanistic drivers of natural CO<sub>2</sub> change. </p>

MODELING THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN FROM MEDIUM TO HIGH RESOLUTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Gabioux ◽  
Vladimir Santos da Costa ◽  
Joao Marcos Azevedo Correia de Souza ◽  
Bruna Faria de Oliveira ◽  
Afonso De Moraes Paiva
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Surface Relaxation ◽  
The South ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Set Up

Results of the basic model configuration of the REMO project, a Brazilian approach towards operational oceanography, are discussed. This configuration consists basically of a high-resolution eddy-resolving, 1/12 degree model for the Metarea V, nested in a medium-resolution eddy-permitting, 1/4 degree model of the Atlantic Ocean. These simulations performed with HYCOM model, aim for: a) creating a basic set-up for implementation of assimilation techniques leading to ocean prediction; b) the development of hydrodynamics bases for environmental studies; c) providing boundary conditions for regional domains with increased resolution. The 1/4 degree simulation was able to simulate realistic equatorial and south Atlantic large scale circulation, both the wind-driven and the thermohaline components. The high resolution simulation was able to generate mesoscale and represent well the variability pattern within the Metarea V domain. The BC mean transport values were well represented in the southwestern region (between Vitória-Trinidade sea mount and 29S), in contrast to higher latitudes (higher than 30S) where it was slightly underestimated. Important issues for the simulation of the South Atlantic with high resolution are discussed, like the ideal place for boundaries, improvements in the bathymetric representation and the control of bias SST, by the introducing of a small surface relaxation. In order to make a preliminary assessment of the model behavior when submitted to data assimilation, the Cooper & Haines (1996) method was used to extrapolate SSH anomalies fields to deeper layers every 7 days, with encouraging results.

scholarly journals Author Correction: High-resolution, large-scale laboratory measurements of a sandy beach and dynamic cobble berm revetment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris E. Blenkinsopp ◽  
Paul M. Bayle ◽  
Daniel C. Conley ◽  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Emily Gulson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Laboratory Measurements

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00874-2.

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