Between the anthropic and the natural heritage

This investigation is inserted on the nature conservation heritage cover, starting from the comprehension of an intrinsic relation between ecosystems and dependent communities, this article covers the Parque dos Manguezais, A Conservation unit of Recife city and the Bode community, historically related to the ecosystem. From this relation flourishes fisher activities developed by inhabitants since the XVII century, at the first territorial occupations, shaping the natural territory, until the contemporaneity, when real estate market pressure imposes to these residents a slowly but continuous process of gentrification. Hence, the research pointed out the relations of the residents with the Parque dos Manguezais, identifying how fishing is converted on an element that defines culture and the local social dynamic, being an essential fact to be considered to the anthropic and natural management to grant the community survival that coexists with the nature and historically manages its natural resources.

Analysis of changes in biological diversity within the boundaries of the nature monument “Serebryany Bor” on the example of rare and protected animal species

The data on the analysis of changes in the number of rare species of birds, mammals and reptiles living within the boundaries of the specially protected natural territory - the natural monument Serebryany Bor for 2018-2020 is presented. The research used the method of visual accounting, winter route accounting, the method of route accounting of birds by E.S. Ravkin. As a result, rare species of animals listed in the Red Book were found, which indicates the biological diversity of the studied territory and justifies the need to use environmental measures within its borders to preserve rare species in the future.

Arrangement features of the ecological settlement in the Baikal natural territory

The article reviews one of the types of ecological tourism – ecological settlement, its history, advantages and disadvantages. The domestic experience of ecological settlement engineering according to the criteria was analyzed, as well as the experience of existing settlements in the Baikal Natural Territory. The generally accepted scheme of ecological settlement arrangement cannot be implemented in its original form, since each site has its own features. Lake Baikal and its adjacent territories are UNESCO sites, have difficult climatic, geomorphological, landscape conditions, etc. The relevance of ecological settlement arrangement in this territory has been proved. As a result of the analyzes, a scheme of ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT was created. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is possible to expand the field of research and search for new models. Cluster-based ecological settlements can serve as one of the directions for development. However, one of the most effective ways to check the results is the actual ecological settlement arrangement in the BNT with subsequent study during construction and operation.

Environmental Monitoring of the Littoral Zone of Lake Baikal Using a Network of Automatic Hydro-Meteorological Stations: Development and Trial Run

An automatic hydro-meteorological station (AHMS) was designed to monitor the littoral zone of Lake Baikal in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. The developed AHMS was installed near the Bolshiye Koty settlement (southern basin). This AHMS is the first experience focused on obtaining the necessary competencies for the development of a monitoring network of the Baikal natural territory. To increase the flexibility of adjustment and repeatability, we developed AHMS as a low-cost modular system. AHMS is equipped with a weather station and sensors measuring water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, conductivity, chlorophyll-a, and turbidity. This article describes the main AHMS functions (hardware and software) and measures taken to ensure data quality control. We present the results of the first two periods of its operation. The data acquired during this periods have demonstrated that, to obtain accurate measurements and to detect and correct errors that were mainly due to biofouling of the sensors and calibration bias, a correlation between AHMS and laboratory studies is necessary for parameters such as pH and chlorophyll-a. The gained experience should become the basis for the further development of the monitoring network of the Baikal natural territory.

DESIGN OF LOGGING ROADS BY THE METHOD OF INFORMATION MODELING

The article describes a comparison of the standard method of designing logging roads and public roads using drawings and sheets on paper with the design of logging roads and public roads using information modeling technology. The results achieved (interaction structures, formation of information models, organization of collective work, etc.) in the development of the following “pilot” objects are also described: plans for the development of the section of the R-258 Baikal highway under the jurisdiction of the FKU Uprdor “Southern Baikal” in the central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory; major repairs of protective road structures on the R- 258 “Baikal” highway Irkutsk-Ulan-Ude-Chita at km 157+500, Irkutsk region; major repairs of the M-5 Ural highway Moscow-Ryazan-Penza-Samara-Ufa-Chelyabinsk, access to Yekaterinburg on the section km 79+899-km 121+509.

Dust distribution from common minerals in the air of the Baikal Natural Territory

In mountain quarries, the main factor influencing safety is dust aerosol of host rocks in the air. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the environmental safety of mining quarries and improve health of the population. Due to a large number of factors influencing the distribution of dust, one of the main ways to obtain reliable information about this process is to study the distribution of dust. On the example of five mining facilities, an environmental risk assessment was conducted using statistical data on the control over activities of the enterprise. The index of atmospheric pollution was determined and the main parameters of the distribution of dust aerosols of granite, migmatite, marbled limestone, ophiocalcite, serpentinite, jade and charoite were identified. The area of distribution of dust aerosol for five quarries located on the Baikal natural territory was established. The consequences of dust pollution for ecosystems were described.

Potential landscape stability of recreational zones on the southern shore of Lake Baikal

The article deals with the landscape stability of five recreational zones on the southern coast of Lake Baikal: Portbaikal’skaya, Kultuk-Slyudyanskaya, Utulik-Baikal’skaya, Murinskaya and Snezhinskaya, the boundaries of which were previously defined during the tourist and recreational zoning of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory between 2017 and 2019. We studied the natural stability of recreational areas on a landscape basis using the results of component-wise assessments of vulnerability and stability. The landscape-typological structure of recreational zones and component-wise stability within the boundaries of specific landscape sections were analysed, the integral stability of landscapes was obtained, and a comparative analysis of the landscape stability of the selected recreational zones has been carried out.

Aesthetic resources of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory (within the borders of the Irkutsk region)

The research considers the results of the aesthetic assessment of landscapes in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory (CEZ BNT). The expert assessment based on a set of indicators was carried out in Quantum GIS using landscape photographs. Cartographic materials (landscape typological map, Forest Resource Management maps, SRTM, areas affected by fire, etc.) were also involved in the assessment. The map «Aesthetic Evaluation of the Geosystems of the Central Ecological zone of Lake Baikal within the Borders of the Irkutsk Region» was created based on the analysis of the estimated indicators of the aesthetic landscape quality. The construction of the map is based on the principle of the priority of landscape scene viewpoints; the assessment is assigned to the polygon from which the landscape scene is observed. The article contains the detailed structure of the landscape scene complexes of the CEZ BNT.