scholarly journals The Adventures of Feldkurat Karl Drexel in Siberia (According to Archival Sources). Part 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
А. V. Anufriev ◽  
◽  
D. V. Kozlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Joint Operation ◽  
General Staff ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Coordinator

We can analyze the fate of one of these priests – the ober- feldkurat of the Austro – Hungarian army Karl Drexel. To describe his activities, the article uses a variety of new archival sources, as well as the diary of a priest. During the Russian offensive operation, the priest was taken prisoner in the battle of RabbaRusskaya. In 1915 K. Drexel came under the operational supervision of the Intelligence Department of the Amur military district. He was suspected of creating a secret organization of officers of the Austro-Hungarian army to escape and espionage. At the same time, the gendarmerie also monitored him. K. Drexel falls under the operational supervision of two serious departments at once: the Intelligence Department of the headquarters of the Irkutsk military district and the Irkutsk provincial gendarmerie Department. During the joint operation, the role of K. Drexel as the organizer of the escapes of prisoners of war and the coordinator of illegal assistance to prisoners, both through the Red Cross and the diplomatic mission in China, was revealed. According to the results of the investigation, appropriate decisions were made. Drexel was arrested and his diary was seized. It contains a synopsis of memories. According to the decision of the Main Directorate of the General staff of 1916, September 21 K. Drexel was sent to the Amur military district and was escorted to Khabarovsk on September 26. It should be emphasized that the historical sources analyzed in the article, help to develop a new approach to the analysis of such an interesting topic as the transformation of the manifestations of loyalty and patriotism of PoW. In this case, it is possible to analyze such manifestations both in relation to the homeland and in relation to the country of captivity. The article is divided into two parts based on the internal logic of the presentation of the material. The second part of the article examines Drexel's stay in the PoW camps in Eastern Siberia, the history of his arrest and investigation of his “espionage” activities, and his subsequent fate.

scholarly journals Revaluing Mimeographs as Historical Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
E. Haven Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diverse Groups

Curators are partners with printing historians, collectors, and conservators, as well as with communities, in selecting, preserving, and interpreting cultural heritage. Uncovering the role of a technology such as mimeography reveals more than a history of a specific machine or technical process. It secures a better understanding about social experience by authenticating accounts about how diverse groups communicated with their own communities and to others. Special collections professionals need to be archaeologists to recover evidence from and to best preserve 20th-century publications. Current tools for studying recent print artifacts are insufficient. Thus, collaborating to generate methods for analysis is an . . .

Iconographic micro-history of Maria Montessori 150 years after her birth. Figurines, coins, stamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bertolino ◽  
Gianni Nuti ◽  
Manuela Filippa
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Picture Card ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Community

The aim of the present study is to highlight and to critically discuss the role of the secondary and silent historical sources in the reconstruction of the biography of Maria Montessori, a century and a half after her birth. The collective memory, both at a national and international levels, has preserved the figure of the pedagogist into a series of celebratory objects. Picture card, notes and coins, stamps maximum cards, phone cards or, more recently, doodles are accessible to the wide community. Constructing a narrativity of a public celebrity means capturing the important features, and transforming them into symbolic constructs. We therefore propose to identify the overmentioned constructs in the light of the official biographies of Maria Montessori. Moreover, we aim to follow the iconographic traces of a micro-history which is often overlooked from the primary sources. However, this micro-history represents the heart of a collective and popular belief, widespread and educating, which preserves the memory and heritage of this “Personality to Remember".

The role of the international committee of the red cross in resolving international conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Adel Hamzah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
History Of

The relevance of the problem under study lies in the presence of armed conflicts in the international arena and the presence of a diverse abundance of ways to regulate them. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main provisions of international law applicable in international conflicts through the lens of the role of the Committee of the Red Cross in its development. This study covers and thoroughly analyses the history and the main purpose of the origin of the organisation. Furthermore, the study engages in an in-depth examination of the basic tasks and principles of the Committee's activities. As a result of the study, the existing theories of the participation and influence of the Committee in international legal relations will be clearly identified, as well as those theories that have emerged due to innovations in legal thinking and are capable of covering the specific features of the practice and effectiveness of this non-governmental organisation. In addition, the designation of the actual problems of the existence of this organisation, its relevance in the modern world, and the strength of the support of the world society. Among the successes of the scientific analysis of the role of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the development of international humanitarian law applicable in international conflicts is the reasoned hypotheses and confirmed statements of the importance of the Committee, which are described by the features of modernity, relevance, and compliance with the information and technological development of social relations of participants in healthy international relations, their supporters and opponents. This also includes the systematisation of scientific research, their analysis and reasonable refutation. A journey into the history of the emergence of international conflicts, their modification according to the development of social relations, as well as the processes of globalisation, will be the subject of comparative analysis aimed at identifying new methods and ways to avoid them

scholarly journals A Rorschach-próba hazai útja

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Császár-Nagy Noémi
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Rorschach Test ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Psychological Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Training

Célkitűzés: A tanulmány a Rorschach projektív személyiségvizsgálat meghonosodásának, elterjedésének és a – főként klinikai területeken való – alkalmazásának útját kívánja nyomon követni. Mindmáig nincs rendezett és hiteles történeti feldolgozása a tesztnek a hazai alkalmazott lélektani fejlődés kereteibe helyezve. Ezt pótolja jelen munkánk.Módszer: Történeti és alkalmazásfejlődési adatgyűjtés forrásmunkákból merítve, valamint időrendben követett publikációs aktivitás tükrében öt időrendi-folyamati fejlődési szakasz különíthető el. Legmarkánsabb fejlődési ugrás a Közös Rorschach-próba bevezetése és képzése volt, valamint a nemzetközi szintű Rorschachmegújulásban hazánkban is bevezetés alatt álló R-PAS, a teljesítményelvű Rorschach-teszt.Eredmények: A tanulmány követhetővé teszi a hazai betelepítésben és meghonosításban a Szondi-iskola munkatársainak szerepét. A klinikai pszichológiai gyakorlatban Mérei Ferenc és Szakács Ferenc jelentőségét, a Közös Rorschach hazai kultúrában pedig Bagdy Emőke tevékenységének szerepét.Konklúzió: A teszt megújulva tovább él, módszertani eljárásaiban követve a változó pszichológiai szemléletnek a gyakorlati munkában érvényesülő kihatásait. A tesztkövetelmények (validitás, megbízhatóság standardok megújítása stb.) azonban időt átívelő módon állandóak.Objective: This study aims to trace the establishment, spread and application of the Rorschach projective personality examination, mainly in clinical fields. To date, there has been no systematic and scientific examination of the history of the test within the framework of the development of Hungarian applied psychology, which the present study aims to redress.Method: This study is based on an analysis of historical sources and data on the development of the application of the Rorschach test, as well as a chronological examination of relevant publications. The development process can be divided into five stages. The most significant developmental leaps were the introduction of and training for the Joint Rorschach test and the introduction of the R-PAS, an empirically based scoring system for the Rorschach test, in the framework of the international Rorschach renewal.Results: The study highlights the importance of the Szondi School in the introduction and establishment of the Rorschach test in Hungary, and the role of Ferenc Mérei and Ferenc Szakács in Hungarian clinical psychological practice, as well as that of Emőke Bagdy in the Hungarian application of the Joint Rorschach.Conclusion: The study shows that the test has been given a new lease of life, in line with the latest methodology and the effects of changing approaches to psychological practice. At the same time, the testing requirements (validity, reliability, renewal of standards, etc.) are constant across time.

scholarly journals Historical Episodes of the Repatriation of Former Citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the Volga Region and Siberia in the 1920s

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Berik Dulatov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Introduction. The subject of this study is the organization of the repatriation process of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German armies from the regions of Siberia and the Volga region. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of this work consists of such basic principles of scientific and historical knowledge as objectivity and historicism, systematic and specific presentation of the material, as well as the value approach used in scientific research. The historical sources are theoretical scientific works of European and Russian scientists concerning various aspects of the history of prisoners of war in Russia. Analysis. The author explores the issues related to the return to the historical homeland mainly of the Czechs and Slovaks, however, due to the peculiarities of the archival documents that have been preserved, there is information about Austrians, Germans, Hungarians and representatives of other nationalities. The author establishes some personal data of citizens of foreign countries who lived in the territory of Tsaritsyn and Tobolsk provinces in the early 1920s, who had the desire to go to their historic homeland. In addition, on the basis of circulars and orders of the relevant authorities (Plenbezh, evacuation services), the author analyzes how the process of sending home Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, etc. was organized. In addition, there is information about how the process of registration of foreign subjects of the near and far abroad took place. The author makes an attempt to provide informative data on the life and activities of former citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, their ethnicity, family status, professional employment, circumstances of arrival in Russia, previous residence at home and the actual address of residence in the region. Results. The process of repatriation of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German empires was delayed until 1924. It should also be noted that a certain percentage of these citizens remained in the new Soviet state. The difficulty in the process of returning to their historic homeland was the general confusion caused by the war and the change of the government, poor registration of prisoners of war, as well as the interest of state bodies in using this category of people as labor force in country’s industrial and agricultural enterprises.

Q&A: The ICRC's engagement on the missing and their families

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (905) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Keyword(s):  
International Committee ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Family Contact

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has a long history of working with missing persons and their families. Based on its statutory mandate as enshrined in the 1949 Geneva Conventions, their 1977 Additional Protocols, the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and resolutions of the International Conferences of the Red Cross and Red Crescent,1 the ICRC has worked to prevent people from going missing and has facilitated family contact and reunification. It has also worked to clarify the fate and whereabouts of missing persons since 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, when it pioneered the compilation of lists of prisoners of war and the introduction of “the wearing of a badge so that the dead could be identified”.2The ICRC promoted and strengthened its engagement towards missing persons and their families when it organized the first ever International Conference of Governmental and Non-Governmental Experts on Missing Persons in 2003.3 Today, the ICRC carries out activities in favour of missing persons and their families in around sixty countries worldwide. In 2018, it embarked on a new project setting technical standards in relation to missing persons and their families, together with expert partners and a global community of practitioners who have a shared objective – preventing people from going missing, providing answers on the fate and whereabouts of missing persons, and responding to the specific needs of their families.This Q&A explores the ICRC's current work on the issue of the missing and will, in particular, explore the ways in which the ICRC's Missing Persons Project aims to position the missing and their families at the centre of the humanitarian agenda.

Moscow school of army column guides : history of creation and development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Shvetsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the history of the Moscow school of the armycolumn guides that was one of the first educational institutions in Russia that trained staff officers. The paper draws attention to the structure of the school, the features of its curriculum, and, also, gives a description of its creators and leaders: Nikolai Nikolayevich Muravyov and his son Mikhail. The material of historical sources and historiographical works proves the important role of the school in the development of military education in Russia in the first quarter of the XIX century.

The Role of History in the DDR

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Dorpalen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
National Committee ◽  
German History ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Set Up

AbstractWhen Walter Ulbricht and other Communist Party leaders returned to Germany from their Soviet exile in April, 1945, they brought with them not only blueprints for the administration and rehabilitation of Germany and for her gradual conversion to socialism,1 but also detailed plans for the Marxist reinterpretation of German history and for the teaching of this revised history in German schools and universities. Work on these plans had been underway for more than a year; it was based on earlier studies designed to refute Nazi conceptions of Germany's past. Similarly, it could draw on efforts to implement the popular-front strategy of the preceding decade, pointing out to non-Marxists that the communist-sponsored anti-fascist popular front (Volksfront) was deeply rooted in German history. This concern with history had gathered further momentum in connection with efforts to denazify German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union. To gain their support for the "National Committee 'Free Germany'," the Volksfront organization set up in the USSR in July, 1943, the communist leaders sought to convince these men that the goals of the Committee accorded with some of the noblest traditions of Germany's past. On this basis outlines were compiled for a new approach to German history, emphasizing the democratic progressive strands of that history. Similarly texts were drawn up to explain the inevitability of the defeat of reactionary Nazism and imperialism at the hands of the forces of progress as represented above all by the Soviet Union. The nation was thus to be led on to the path of peace and progress, but with the ultimate socialist goal barely mentioned. Preparations also were made to train at once teachers who could offer this type of instruction.2

Serum pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine levels in children presenting with vasovagal syncope

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kovalchuk ◽  
Oksana Boyarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Immunoassay Technique ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandwich Enzyme Immunoassay

Abstract Background: Recent studies confirm the role of B vitamins deficiency and hyperhomocysteinaemia in the development of dysautonomia that has been considered to be the main factor in vasovagal syncope development. The aim of the study was to investigate serum pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine levels in children presenting with vasovagal syncope and to analyse the correlation between them and main clinical parameters of syncope. Methods: We studied 40 children, ages 8–17 years with a history of vasovagal syncope and 24 healthy volunteers. The serum pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine levels were measured by a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique using a commercial kit (Monobind, USA). Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were conducted for all participated patients. Results: Serum pyridoxine (9.42 ± 4.87, 16.11 ± 5.53 µg/L) and cobalamin (307.48 ± 95.50, 447.28 ± 108.85 ng/L) levels were reasonably low (p < 0.05) in patients with vasovagal syncope. Although there was no significant change in folate levels between syncope and healthy children (4.00 ± 1.34, 4.71 ± 1.73 µg/L; p = 0.20), we detected low folate-level association with longer duration of syncope (r = −0.42) and post syncope (r = −0.43) symptoms (p < 0.05). Finally, there was increased serum homocysteine level (13.55 ± 5.03, 7.81 ± 1.71 µmol/L; p < 0.05) in patients with vasovagal syncope. It was positively correlated with the average PQ interval (r = 0.35, p < 0.05) and average QTc interval (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggested that pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine may be involved in the pathogenesis of vasovagal syncope. This might provide a new approach for effective treatment of paediatric vasovagal syncope, requiring further study.

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