scholarly journals Revaluing Mimeographs as Historical Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
E. Haven Hawley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Technical Process ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diverse Groups

Curators are partners with printing historians, collectors, and conservators, as well as with communities, in selecting, preserving, and interpreting cultural heritage. Uncovering the role of a technology such as mimeography reveals more than a history of a specific machine or technical process. It secures a better understanding about social experience by authenticating accounts about how diverse groups communicated with their own communities and to others. Special collections professionals need to be archaeologists to recover evidence from and to best preserve 20th-century publications. Current tools for studying recent print artifacts are insufficient. Thus, collaborating to generate methods for analysis is an . . .

scholarly journals TO THE ORIGINS OF MUSEUM SCIENCE IN ALTAI CITY OF BIYSK (LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Golev ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda M. Dmitrienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Sociocultural Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

This article is devoted to the unexplored issue of the birth of museum science in the small pro-vincial town of Biysk in southern Siberia. Reliance on historical sources, many of which are intro-duced into scientific circulation for the first time, allows the authors to carry out a historical recon-struction of the sociocultural development of Biysk in the second half of 19th – early 20th century. The article reports on the increasing role of the city bourgeoisie and intellectuals in the life of Biysk, shows the charity of merchants Kotelnikov, Vasenev, Assanov, Sychev, Morozov. The authors emphasize donations of Biysk townspeople to the museums of Imperial Tomsk University. They reveal the role of G.N. Potanin who involved some residents of Biysk in studying of the southern part of Altai and Mon-golia, in collecting and descripting of natural and historical memorials. All these events are considered as the most important prerequisites for the origin of the museum science in Biysk. Then the article shows that the first idea of establishing Biysk museum was expressed in 1886. However, it was not possible to implement it. New attempts to open the museum were made in 1911. There were the funds of the merchant Kopylov, who wanted to use them for the sake of culture and education. They also failed. Only the events of the Revolution of 1917 allowed starting works on the creation of the museum. Now it is known about People's University opened in Biysk in 1918 and the museum, which was created under it. The purpose of the museum was educating of townspeople. The first head of Biysk museum was A.A. Khrebtov, a graduate of Riga Polytechnic Institute. He managed to attract knowledgeable people, who conducted expeditions and delivered collections of minerals, archaeology and ethnography to the museum. From the first days of opening rural teachers, employees of the county land (zemstvo) and others visited the museum. The museum became a center of educa-tional work in Biysk and its county. The Society of Nature Lovers was based on People's University and its museum. Members of this society turned to the study of the nature and history of Biysk district. The representative of the department of out-of-school education V.V. Belyanin planned to create a network of museums of the Biysk district. The authors point out that in the future he became a well-known Soviet writer V.V. Bianchi. The article shows that the museum funds, created in 1918–1919, were used as the basis of Biysk Soviet People's Museum. It was opened in April 1920 by section on organization of museums in Biysk district, established in the department of public education of Biysk district revolutionary committee. The authors of the article express their opinion that the preparatory period, which lasted 44 years, had finished with great success. Scientific and cultural center was created in the southern part of Altai, and it still works today as the Biysk Regional Museum named after V.V. Bianchi.

scholarly journals To the Early History of Bakhchisarai: Eski—Yurt

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-570
Author(s):  
Dmitry А. Lomakin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Registration ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

This paper has accumulated and systematized the experience of studying the settlement of Eski-Yurt as the largest Golden Horde centre on the Crimean Peninsula when the role of Solkhat as an economic, military, cultural, and administrative centre declined and the capital was transferred to the western Crimea. The research has used various groups of historical sources: travelogues of numerous voyagers who visited the Crimean Peninsula for personal or official purposes (Marcin Broniewski, F. Dubois de Montpéreux, Iakov Lyzlov, P. S. Pallas, S. I. Tarbeev, Evliya Celebi, and others), scholarly works of local researchers of the Crimean sites in the Golden Horde Period, particularly those who investigated the settlement of Eski-Yurt (A. S. Bashkirov, U. A. Bodaninskii, P. I. Gollandskii, B. N. Zasypkin, A. A. Ivanov, S. V. Karlov, V. P. Kirilko, and others), and the materials from the collections of central and departmental archival depositories. The experience of archaeological researches at the site (expeditions supervised by A. S. Bashkirov and U. A. Bodaninskii in 1924, V. L. Myts in 1991, and S. V. Karlov in 2005) is presented. The main stages of the researches at the site have been distinguished and analysed: 1) Late eighteenth to early twentieth centuries: sketches in travelogues of encyclopaedic scholars who visited the Crimea after its unification with Russia (P. S. Pallas, F. Dubois de Montpéreux, etc.); the first scholarly experience of exploration of the site by A. F. Negri, V. D. Smirnov, and others; 2) 1920s: the beginning of the archaeological studies of the settlement (the expedition of A. S. Bashkirov and U. A. Bodaninskii, 1924); the attempts of attracting attention of the government and public to the cultural heritage preservation in Eski-Yurt (the works of A. S. Bashkirov, U. A. Bodaninskii, P. I. Gollandskii, and B. N. Zasypkin); 3) current stage, or the last quarter of the twentieth century: the revival of the academic interest to the settlement (the works of A. A. Ivanov, V. P. Kirilko, O. M. Stoikova, M. M. Choref, and others); the continuation of the archaeological studies of the site (the expeditions of S. V. Karlov and V. L. Myts); state registration of the architectural and archaeological monuments of the settlement. The present state of the cultural heritage objects has been considered.

ABOUT CUSTOMS BUSINESS IN TURKESTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th -EARLY 20th CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Chinpulat Kurbanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Development

The author in this scientific article examines the stage-by-stage development and formation of customs in Turkestan in the second half of the 19th -early 20th centuries. The author studied the history of customs in Turkestan and its role in establishing a single customs line in the future with neighboring khanates. The author focuses on the role of Russia in the establishment of a single customs line and the development of customs in Turkestan

scholarly journals A short history of ocean acidification science in the 20th century: a chemist's view

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7411-7422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Knowledge ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ph Scale ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This review covers the development of ocean acidification science, with an emphasis on the creation of ocean chemical knowledge, through the course of the 20th century. This begins with the creation of the pH scale by Sørensen in 1909 and ends with the widespread knowledge of the impact of the "High CO2 Ocean" by then well underway as the trajectory along the IPCC scenario pathways continues. By mid-century the massive role of the ocean in absorbing fossil fuel CO2 was known to specialists, but not appreciated by the greater scientific community. By the end of the century the trade-offs between the beneficial role of the ocean in absorbing some 90% of all heat created, and the accumulation of some 50% of all fossil fuel CO2 emitted, and the impacts on marine life were becoming more clear. This paper documents the evolution of knowledge throughout this period.

scholarly journals О двух ойратских списках «Наказа Манджушри» из коллекции Н. Д. Кичикова (по материалам Кетченеровского краеведческого музея)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Delyash N. Muzraevа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.

scholarly journals Jusuf Mehonjić in songs of Sanjak Bosniaks

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Naka K. Nikšić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Significant Figure ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epic Poems

The difficult position of Bosniaks Sandžak at the beginning of the 20th century has caused the uprising of individuals from the authorities and their association with comites (rebels). According to historical sources, the most famous Sandzak rebel was Jusuf Mehonjić, a native of Šahović (village Grančarevo), which Zaimović, in one of his work, called the Bosniak's Wilhelm Tell. He is mentioned in numerous epic poems called the so-called rebel opus that we find in the collections of oral literature of Bosniaks Sandžak, and from them the knowledge of his intellectual and physical potential, as well as the character of the protector of the disadvantaged and endangered Bosniaks. However, when it comes to ethnomusicological collections, we find that there is not a single song about this historical personality in them. The aim of this work is to preserve the musical tradition of Sandzak Bosniaks by finding and ethnomusicologic recording of lyrical poems about Jusuf Mehonjic, as well as pointing to the possibility of their nurturing through the education system in teaching in the Bosnian language in Serbia. The work and the work of Jusuf Mehonjić were examined in the paper by theoretical analysis of historical and literary sources. At the same time, the Finnish method recorded the only lyrical song about him, which we found by exploring the live musical tradition of the Sandzak Bosniaks. This is the song of Moj sokole pogledaj niz polje. This work should contribute to preserving the musical tradition of the Sandzak Bosniaks and getting to know Jusuf Mehonjic - a significant figure in the history of Sandzak.

Iconographic micro-history of Maria Montessori 150 years after her birth. Figurines, coins, stamps

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bertolino ◽  
Gianni Nuti ◽  
Manuela Filippa
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Maria Montessori ◽  
Picture Card ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wide Community

The aim of the present study is to highlight and to critically discuss the role of the secondary and silent historical sources in the reconstruction of the biography of Maria Montessori, a century and a half after her birth. The collective memory, both at a national and international levels, has preserved the figure of the pedagogist into a series of celebratory objects. Picture card, notes and coins, stamps maximum cards, phone cards or, more recently, doodles are accessible to the wide community. Constructing a narrativity of a public celebrity means capturing the important features, and transforming them into symbolic constructs. We therefore propose to identify the overmentioned constructs in the light of the official biographies of Maria Montessori. Moreover, we aim to follow the iconographic traces of a micro-history which is often overlooked from the primary sources. However, this micro-history represents the heart of a collective and popular belief, widespread and educating, which preserves the memory and heritage of this “Personality to Remember".

Kainar: A Late 18th to Early 20th Century Ritual and Housing Complex in the Northern Ustyurt

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
S. E. Azhigali ◽  
L. R. Turganbayeva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Nomadic Pastoralists ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Carving ◽  
Housing Complex

This is the fi rst description of a key Kazakh recent permanent settlement at Donyztau, in the northern Ustyurt. Such sites, evidencing major historical processes during the transition of nomadic pastoralists to a semi-sedentary lifestyle (mid-19th to early 20th century), are known as “ritual and housing complexes” (RHC). Kainar, a highly representative site, is viewed as a socio-cultural phenomenon and an integral architectural and landscape ensemble. The excavation history of RHCs in the Donyztau area and their evolution are discussed, and the role of ascetics such as Doszhan-Ishan Kashakuly is described. We highlight separate parts of the complex (the settlement and cemetery) and their elements. The architecture of the RHC is reconstructed with regard to structure, function, and continuity with the landscape. The layout of the site as a whole and of the madrasah with its typical elements are compared with those of similar sites in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. A reconstruction of the complex is proposed and the function of public halls is interpreted. The role of the cemetery and of its parts in the structure of the RHC is evaluated; the evolution of its spatial organization is traced. Types of memorial complexes are listed in terms of harmony with the landscape, archaic beliefs, architecture, and style, specifi cally stone carving. The historical and cultural signifi cance of Kainar as a source of knowledge about the transition to a semi-sedentary way of life and the Islamization of the steppe is discussed.

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

scholarly journals Oral Histories of a Layered Landscape: The Rushworth Oral History Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir Reeves ◽  
E. Rebecca Sanders ◽  
Gordon Chisholm
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cultural Complexity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This article reflects the authors’ experience of undertaking an oral history project in the regional Victorian town of Rushworth. The authors of the article contend that to conduct an investigation of the natural and cultural heritage of the town and surrounding forests is also to engage in an archaeology of historical landscapes. The authors, after articulating the theoretical and methodological issues of oral history, name and trace the various historical layers of the landscape of Rushworth and the forest that surrounds the town. They argue that the use of oral history in conjunction with cultural landscape analysis enables a deeper understanding of the cultural complexity of the history of Rushworth and the surrounding region. Broader issues concerning regional identity and the role of historians in providing a greater understanding of the community in the present day are also evaluated.

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