scholarly journals Should Desert Replace Equality? Replies to Kagan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Weber
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Fred Feldman ◽  
Richard Arneson ◽  
Number Of Authors

Many people are moved by the thought that if A is worse off than B, then if we can improve the condition of one or the other but not both that it is better to improve the condition of A. Egalitarians are buoyed by the prevalence of such thoughts. But something other than egalitarianism could be driving these thoughts. In particular, such thoughts could be motivated, instead, by a combination of the belief that desert should determine how people fare and the belief that, for the most part, people are equally deserving. Shelly Kagan has pushed this line of argument, suggesting that desert should replace equality as a normative ideal. He argues that desert theory and egalitarianism often agree, and when they don’t intuition favors desert theory. A number of authors have offered responses to Kagan, including Serena Olsaretti, Fred Feldman, and Richard Arneson. However, I maintain that their responses are inadequate, primarily because they simply fail to capture the compelling intuitions that Kagan appeals to in making his case. There are other responses, however, and I consider three, each of which offers an egalitarian position that is compatible with Kagan’s most compelling intuitions. Thus, I maintain that Kagan has not sufficiently established that desert should replace equality as a normative ideal. There is still room for a genuinely egalitarian position, though Kagan’s reflections helpfully force egalitarians to further develop and refine their thinking.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND RACE COMPOSITION OF DOWNY MILDEW (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) IN BULGARIA / EXTENSION Y RAZAS DEL MILDIU (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. y de Toni) EN BULGARIA / ÉTENDUE ET RACES DE LA ROUILLE (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. and de Toni) EN BULGARIE

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
P.S. Shindrova
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasmopara Halstedii ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Number Of Authors

SUMMARY Downy mildew caused by the fungus Plasmopara halstedii is the main disease on sunflower in Bulgaria. In recent years a number of authors have reported the occurrence of new more virulent races of the pathogen. According to other authors these races demonstrate resistance to the fungicides used up to now. This fact is rather alarming and imposes the necessity of annual researches with the aim of following the changes in the downy mildew race variability. In the period 1995-1997 downy mildew isolates were collected from the following locations: Bourgas, Boyanovo, Karnobat, Ognyanovo, Selanovtsi, Kroushari, Lovech, Koubrat, Brashlyan, Sitovo, Tervel, Targovishte, IWS “Dobroudja” and Dobrich. The samples were assessed for virulence on a set of sunflower differential - lines under greenhouse conditions. The obtained results do not reveal a great race variability of downy mildew population in Bulgaria. In the period of study two races of the pathogen were identified: race 1 which infects the differential lines without genes for resistance to the pathogen. It is distributed in all sunflower production areas of the country. The other one is race 2. It is of limited distribution and has been registered in individual fields of north-east and north-west Bulgaria. It attacks the differential lines carrying the resistance gene Pl-1.

Morphological variation of achenes of Cannabis

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 978-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Small
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Fruit Characters ◽  
Number Of Authors

A number of authors have suggested that fruit characters are important in the taxonomic delimitation of Cannabis, particularly in contrasting wild and domesticated plants on the one hand and plants of limited and pronounced intoxicant potential on the other. Variation in achenes was assessed in plants cultivated for fiber and for drug purposes, and in plants growing outside of cultivation in various areas of the world. It was found that domesticated plants have large achenes which usually lack an adhering, patterned perianth and also lack an elongated base. In contrast, achenes of uncultivated plants are much more variable, ranging from those which closely resemble the fruits of domesticated plants to ones which are small and possess an adhering perianth and an elongated base. It appears that the latter morphological syndrome is adaptive in wild plants, and it is hypothesized that the degree of development of these characters in uncultivated plants is indicative of the extent of departure or independence from the effects of domestication.

Post-millennial “Indian Fantasy” fiction in English and the question of mythology: Writing beyond the “usual suspects”

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-474
Author(s):  
E Dawson Varughese
Keyword(s):  
Speculative Fiction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Fantasy Fiction ◽  
New Space ◽  
Number Of Authors

Focusing on two novels published in 2016, one by HarperCollins India and the other by Hachette India, this paper argues that Savage Blue by Balagopal and Dark Things by Venkatraghavan carve out a new space in post-millennial Indian speculative fiction in English, namely one that does not privilege ‘Hindu Indian mythology’ tropes. Such tropes have been espoused by a growing number of authors whose novels are anchored in Hindu Indian mythology and narratives of itihasa since the early 2000s. Banker, Tripathi, and Sanghi are generally recognized as the authors who first published in this post-millennial genre of Indian fiction in English. This discussion of the novels by Balagopal and Venkatraghavan, alongside ideas of how ‘fantasy’ as a genre has been, and continues to be defined, raises questions about how we might think about ‘Indian fantasy’ as a genre term within the domestic Indian book market and how it intersects with post-millennial Indian living, Indianness, and the popular imaginary.

A modified truncation procedure for the BBGKY hierarchy

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Myerscough
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Coulomb Potential ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Bbgky Hierarchy ◽  
Collision Integral ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Particle Separations ◽  
Number Of Authors

The approximations usually made to truncate the BBGKY hierarchy for a plasma are discussed; their failure at small inter-particle separations leads to divergence of the Balescu—Lenard collision integral. A number of authors have obtained convergent kinetic equations, often by rather complicated methods.It is shown here that, if the standard truncation procedure is modified in a way which makes it less obviously inconsistent for close approaches, the standard methods maybe closely followed in deriving a convergent collision integral which agrees to dominant order with the ‘cutoff’ Balescu—Lenard integral and with the other work on the problem. In fact, the kinetic equation obtained is identical with the Balescu—Lenard equation except that the Coulomb potential is replaced by another that is non-singular at the origin. A physical interpretation of this result is suggested.

The relationship of polarity of post-publication peer review to citation count

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-602
Author(s):  
Qianjin Zong ◽  
Lili Fan ◽  
Yafen Xie ◽  
Jingshi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Number Of Authors

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the post-publication peer review (PPPR) polarity of a paper to that paper's citation count.Design/methodology/approachPapers with PPPRs from Publons.com as the experimental groups were manually matched 1:2 with the related papers without PPPR as the control group, by the same journal, the same issue (volume), the same access status (gold open access or not) and the same document type. None of the papers in the experimental group or control group received any comments or recommendations from ResearchGate, PubPeer or F1000. The polarity of the PPPRs was coded by using content analysis. A negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to examine the data by controlling the characteristics of papers.FindingsThe four experimental groups and their corresponding control groups were generated as follows: papers with neutral PPPRs, papers with both negative and positive PPPRs, papers with negative PPPRs and papers with positive PPPRs as well as four corresponding control groups (papers without PPPRs). The results are as follows: while holding the other variables (such as page count, number of authors, etc.) constant in the model, papers that received neutral PPPRs, those that received negative PPPRs and those that received both negative and positive PPPRs had no significant differences in citation count when compared to their corresponding control pairs (papers without PPPRs). Papers that received positive PPPRs had significantly greater citation count than their corresponding control pairs (papers without PPPRs) while holding the other variables (such as page count, number of authors, etc.) constant in the model.Originality/valueBased on a broader range of PPPR sentiments, by controlling many of the confounding factors (including the characteristics of the papers and the effects of the other PPPR platforms), this study analyzed the relationship of various polarities of PPPRs to citation count.

On elements of order four in certain free central extensions of groups

1989 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Stöhr
Keyword(s):  
Finite Order ◽  
Central Extension ◽  
Commutator Subgroup ◽  
Metabelian Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Extensions ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Order Four ◽  
Torsion Free ◽  
Number Of Authors

Let F be a non-cyclic free group, R a normal subgroup of F and G = F/R, i.e.where π is the natural projection of F onto G, is a free presentation of G. Let R′ denote the commutator subgroup of R. The quotient F/[R′,F] is a free central extensionof the group F/R′, the latter being a free abelianized extension of G. While F/R′ is torsion-free (see, e.g. [2], p. 23), elements of finite order may occur in R′/[R′,F], the kernel of the free central extension (l·2). Since C. K. Gupta [1] discovered elements of order 2 in the free centre-by-metabelian group F/[F″,F] (i.e. (1·2) in the case R = F′), torsion in F/[R′,F] has been studied by a number of authors (see, e.g. [4–13]). Clearly the elements of finite order in F/[R′,F] form a subgroup T of the abelian group R′/[R′,F]. It will be convenient to write T additively. By a result of Kuz'min [5], any element of T has order 2 or 4. Moreover, it was pointed out in [5] that elements of order 4 may really occur. On the other hand, it has been shown in [11] that, if G has no 2-torsion, then T is an elementary abelian 2-group isomorphic to H4(G, ℤ2). So if T contains an element of order 4, then G must have 2-torsion. We also mention a result of Zerck [13], who proved that 2T is an invariant of G, i.e. it does not depend on the particular choice of the free presentation (1·1).

scholarly journals Shall We Teachs Shall: A Systematic Step-By-Step Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Ondřej Klabal
Keyword(s):  
Actual Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Translation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Number Of Authors

Abstract The paper discusses the status of shall in today’s legal drafting and legal translation, and by presenting typologies by a number of authors briefly addresses the variety of meanings it is used to express, in both legislation and contracts. It introduces the “shall dilemma” faced by non-native legal translators working both from and into English. The dilemma consists in the discrepancy between the promiscuous and abundant use of shall in authentic as well as translated documents, on the one hand, and the recommendations found in various drafting manuals promoting either a shall-free policy or a disciplined use of shall, on the other hand. The research part presents the results of a survey carried out among a carefully chosen sample of professional legal translators to determine what their policy is on the use of shall. The results include both quantitative findings and additional comments made by the translators, and confirms the divide between actual practice and the recommendations. In the next section of the paper, the results are applied and a series of step-by-step exercises are introduced which should raise the awareness of legal translation trainees of the ambiguity of shall and teach them to use it in a reasoned and disciplined way.

scholarly journals The Deadlocked Debate about the Role of the Jewish Christians at the Birth of Islam

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Francisco F. del Río Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Status ◽  
Christian Origins ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Jewish Christians ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Number Of Authors

The thesis concerning the Jewish-Christian origins of Islam has been continuously defended and developed by a good number of authors, even if the proponents of this line of thought have never constituted a school nor followed a unitary or homogeneous discourse. At the other end of the spectrum, many scholars strongly reject the ‘Jewish-Christian connection’ insofar as it introduces a speculative and unnecessary category in the study on the origins of Islam. The matter has aroused irreconcilable stances, studies that remain alien to each other, or simply seem to ignore the status quaestionis. From the traditional perspective, the debate seems to have reached a deadlock, however, and to explain a possible legal, cultural, and religious ‘Judaeo-Christian’ continuum that could be shared by the early Islamic audience, it might be useful to look around the spectrum of mixed beliefs and practices between the Jewish and Christian orthodoxy that can be found at a time very close to the arrival of Islam.

scholarly journals The advisability of high-rise construction in the city

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergievskaya ◽  
Tatyana Pokrovskaya ◽  
Natalya Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Number Of Authors

In this article there discusses the question of advisability high-rise construction, the reasons for its use, both positive and negative sides of it. On the one hand, a number of authors believe that it is difficult to avoid high-rise construction due to the limited areas in very large cities. On the other hand, a number of other authors draw attention to the problems associated with high-rise construction. The author of the article analyses examples of high-rise construction in several countries (UAE, Dubai "Burj Khalifa"; Japan "Tokyo Sky Tree"; United States of America, "Willis Tower"; Russia "Federation Tower") and proves the advisability of high-rise construction in the city.

Interspecies Connection Models

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Newman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
Number Of Authors

In the Bak-Sneppen model studied in the previous chapter there is no explicit notion of an interaction strength between two different species. It is true that if two species are closer together on the lattice, then there is a higher chance of their participating in the same avalanche. But beyond this there is no variation in the magnitude of the influence of one species on another. Real ecosystems, on the other hand, have a wide range of possible interactions between species, and as a result the extinction of one species can have a wide variety of effects on other species. These effects may be helpful or harmful, as well as strong or weak, and there is in general no symmetry between the effect of A on B and B on A. For example, if species A is prey for species B, then A's demise would make B less able to survive, perhaps driving it also to extinction, whereas B's demise would aid A's survival. On the other hand, if A and B compete for a common resource, then either's extinction would help the other. Or if A and B are in a mutually supportive or symbiotic relationship, then each would be hurt by the other's removal. A number of authors have constructed models involving specific speciesspecies interactions, or "connections." If species i depends on species j , then the extinction of j may also lead to the extinction of i, and possibly give rise to cascading avalanches of extinction. Most of these connection models neither introduce nor have need of a fitness measure, barrier, viability, or tolerance for the survival of individual species; the extinction pressure on one species comes from the extinction of other species. Such a system still needs some underlying driving force to keep its dynamics from stagnating, but this can be introduced by making changes to the connections in the model, without requiring the introduction of any extra parameters.

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