scholarly journals Local borrowings as a tool for replenishing local budget income

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Municipal Bond ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Bond Issues ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
External Borrowing

In this article, the essence of local borrowing was formulated and different notions for “local borrowing” were taken into consideration. It is determined that local borrowing is one of the most important sources of replenishment of local budget revenues, which can be directed to the solution of current and long-term problems, as well as the implementation of socio-economic programs of local governments. The relevance of supplementing the local budgets of Ukraine at the expanse of local borrowing within the framework of financial decentralization was noted. It is substantiated that for the effective development of the system of local loans in Ukraine it is necessary to explore and use foreign experience in the formation of the legal and regulatory base of the functioning of the system of local borrowing. It has been researched that the existing legal framework is imperfect and incomplete, which significantly influences the development of the local borrowing institute. The state of the municipal borrowing market in Ukraine has been analyzed. It is established that the level of efficiency of municipal loans to Ukraine is very low. The tasks were introduced that will help to build the effective system of local borrowing regulation. It is revealed that the local borrowing market in Ukraine is still in its initial stage of development and is not fully developed. In connection with this, the main problems of its development are identified, among them: increasing risk of late repayment and payment of debt obligations, reduction of demand for municipal securities due to deterioration of liquidity of financial intermediaries and lack of transparency of information on activity issuers. It is proposed to improve the functioning of the local borrowing market in Ukraine by introducing an appropriate legal framework for the issuance and placement of local loan securities, widening access of local governments to the internal and external borrowing market, and simplifying the procedures for obtaining permits and registering municipal bond issues.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Business Efficiency and Effectiveness for Enterprises in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hamada ◽  
Daniya Temirkhanova ◽  
Diana Serikbay ◽  
Sanzhar Salybekov ◽  
Saltanat Omarbek
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Data Extracting ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The main objective of the research is identifying the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in the business sphere of Kazakhstan. The urgency of this problem is due to the fact that the Kazakhstani market for artificial intelligence is at the initial stage of development. The main obstacle to the introduction of artificial intelligence is the unpreparedness of managers of small and medium-sized businesses for the application of artificial intelligence technologies and, of course, the high cost of their implementation. In the study, we proceeded from the key thesis that business in Kazakhstan is striving for digital transformation. We set a goal to determine the attitude and degree of readiness of Kazakhstani business to the implementation and practical application of artificial intelligence, to describe the cases of using artificial intelligence by Kazakhstani business, to identify the main questions that arise in business at this stage, to study the legal aspects of using artificial intelligence in business and to present the big picture compliance / inconsistency of the existing legal framework with the goals and objectives of the development of artificial intelligence, provide recommendations for eliminatinge xisting barriers and stimulating businesses to implement the technology. Within the framework of this study, the concept of artificial intelligence is defined in its broadest sense - as a set of technologies for processing various types of data and information, in particular those capable of interpreting such data, extracting knowledge and using it to achieve certain goals.

Coaching Program in Detention Centers as Process of Preparing Inmate Life Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Peri Aldaus ◽  
Alim Harun Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Development Stage ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Second Development ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Three Stages

This paper is motivated by the challenges that will be faced by former prisoners when returning to society. The purpose of this paper to describe to the coaching program aimed at prisoners who are in detention centers. This paper used a literature study method by collecting data related to the topic of articles obtained from various sources. Search for published articles using the selected keywords. Articles or journals that match the inclusion and exclusion criteria are taken for further analysis. The concludes of this paper that coaching is divided into stages, namely the initial stage, which is calculated from the initial time of entry up to one-third of the criminal period. Meanwhile, the first stage of development is a third to half of the sentence. Next is the second development stage, namely half to the end of the criminal period. These three stages constitute an effective system.

scholarly journals Autonomy of Local Governments in Taxation in Kyrgyzstan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dastan Aseinov
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Financial Autonomy ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Budget

The authority for taxation might be delegated to the local governments to expand their financial autonomy through increasing their revenue. This study aims to assess the financial autonomy of local governments in Kyrgyzstan in terms of tax revenues. The taxing power of local governments examined using local budget data for period of 2007-2017. We use variables as reflecting the level of taxing power. Variables measured as ratio of total local government tax revenue, different types of taxes revenue to the total revenue or to the total tax revenues. This study also looks at the legal framework for delegating taxation powers to local authorities. The results show that financial autonomy of local governments in terms of taxation is low. Local governments in Kyrgyzstan largely depends on transfers from the central government budget. According to the legal framework, the tax powers of local administrations is within narrow limits. Since increasing the financial autonomy through expanding the taxing power of local governments poses problems this needs to be solved, like a narrow tax base and inefficient tax administration in the regions. Thus, it can be argued that it is too early to transfer taxation power to local governments.

scholarly journals Commonwealth Local Government Forum’s support of Local Councils Associations in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Effective Development

After a brief overview of the recent developments in the legal framework for local government in Pakistan, this paper summarises the objectives and activities to date of the Commonwealth Local Government Forum’s project ‘Strengthening the Associations of Local Governments and their Members for Enhanced Governance and Effective Development Outcomes in Pakistan’. The project seeks to strengthen local democracy and good governance through the local council associations in the four provinces of Pakistan: Baluchistan, Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The project seeks to support local government to deal with the unique challenges of inclusive representation and equitable and effective service delivery. Building on the recently promulgated provincial local government acts, the project aims to strengthen the capacity of the local councils’ associations to raise the voice of local government and ensure they are able to play their appointed developmental role at the local level.  The project main components are to strengthen how the local council associations actively provide services to their members and advocate for the betterment of local government in Pakistan and pilot the territorial approach to local development (TALD) so as to align the general methodology to the Pakistan context.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES WITH REGARD TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF MUNICIPAL FORMATION “VOTKINSK CITY” IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-753
Author(s):  
E.A. Korotaeva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Current Stage

Currently, Russia continues the process of harmonizing the interests of economic entities, taking into account the characteristics of each level of the management system. The most important problem of the current stage of development of regions and territories is the formation and development of an effective system of improvement, since this sphere is one that defines the quality of life of the territory population. In this article the system of improvement of municipal formation “Votkinsk city” is considered. The author reflects the quantitative indicators of the implementation of works on the improvement of the municipality, and analyzes the structure of local budget expenditures on the improvement. In order to obtain an overall picture of improving the territory of municipality “Votkinsk city”, measures for the city’s improvement for 2013-2018 years were studied, the city budget expenditures on improvement during this period were analyzed. Landscaping can become one of the revenue parts of the budget. In this regard, the paper presents data on the income received from the placement of advertising structures on real estate municipally-owned by the city of Votkinsk, and from the placement of advertising structures in the city’s territory. In conclusion, the directions of improving the efficiency of management in the field of landscaping are recommended.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL POTENTIAL OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES: MODERN STATE AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Victoria BULAVINETS ◽  
Natalia KARPYSHYN
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Local Budget

Introduction. In the context of budget decentralization in Ukraine, local governments are trying to make effective use of their powers and financial potential of the territorial community in order to increase local budget revenues and funding of services at the local level. The purpose is to find out the essence of the financial potential of territorial communities and to analyze its current state in the context of existing and potential sources of financial resources that can be used by local governments for the realization of their goals and perspectives. Methods. To achieve goal, a system of general scientific and special methods of research was used: analysis, synthesis and generalization - in the processing of literary, statistical, legislative and Internet sources on the topic of research; methods of systematizing and generalizing data, comparing and detailing were used when conducting analysis of local budget revenues; graphical, tabular and visualization methods were used for visual representation of the processed data; abstract-logical method was used for summarize the material presented and formulate conclusions. Results. It has been found out that financial potential of a local community is a collection of available and potential sources of financial resources that local governments can attract through budgetary, investment, credit and grant mechanisms to ensure the effective functioning of the community. It is proved that budgetary funds is gradually increasing and prevail in the structure of financial resources of local self-government bodies in Ukraine. Despite the positive dynamics, local budget revenues have not yet become the basis of financial independence of territorial communities, and tax revenues make up 88% of the structure of local budget own revenues. Possibilities of attracting private sector investment funds on the basis of public-private partnership as a potential source of financial resources of territorial communities are analyzed. It has been found out that the sources of growth of the financial potential of local self-government are credits and grants, which provide financing for infrastructure projects for the development of territorial communities. It is proved that the specific reserve of resource provision of territorial communities is human capital, with the participation of which the formation, distribution and use of financial resources of the community takes place. Emphasis is placed on revenues from the disposal of municipal waste as an inexhaustible financial resource of territorial communities. Proposals for increasing the efficiency of utilization of the financial potential of territorial communities at the present stage of development have been developed. Conclusions. The subject of further scientific exploration is the search for and in-depth study of ways to effectively use the financial potential of local communities to improve the quality and accessibility of public services at the local level.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Local Real Estate Taxes as an Instrument of Land Use Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Sabina Źróbek ◽  
Siarhei Manzhynski ◽  
Elżbieta Zysk ◽  
Yauheni Rassokha
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Estate Taxes ◽  
Real Estate Tax ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Effective Development

Abstract Economic and financial instruments are a very important group of tools for supporting local entrepreneurship. The broadest group among them are local taxes. Real estate taxes are considered by local governments, on the one hand, as a tool for promoting the effective development of real estate, and on the other, as a reliable source of income to the local budget. The functioning of every tax system can be analyzed by applying different criteria. The most typically evaluated criteria are: economic efficiency, equity, transparency, collectability and revenue production. These criteria are often in conflict with one another, one of the reasons for this fact being, according to the research conducted by the authors of this paper, the base of taxation. It is generally believed that the value of real property is a much more reliable tax basis than its size. It was our intention to verify this opinion. Having reviewed the available literature and thoroughly analyzed the Polish and Belarussian real estate tax systems, we concluded that the first of the two systems has no definite advantages over the other. For example, the ad valorem tax better stimulates intensive use of land, but, on the other hand, may negatively affect its sustainable development. The main reason for this fact is the specificity of real estate as the object of taxation. The object of taxation exists regardless of its economic state and performance, thus taxes have to be paid whether or not there is any income or profit. Given the nature and possible functions of real estate and the priorities of local authorities, the concept of just taxation is also socially relative.

FISCAL STRESS: Studi Kasus Pemda Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Mesri Welhelmina N. Manafe ◽  
Zet Ena ◽  
Salmun Saul Adu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stress Variable ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Expenditure

Local governments play a significant role in the life of the community and the national economy which can be achieved in fiscal health conditions reflected in the low disparity in income structure towards regional expenditure. The inability of regions to escape fiscal dependence is due to the low income, especially from Pendapatan Asli Daerah, which causes fiscal stress which then impacts on policies and implementation of regional spending through spending on programs and activities. This study will examine the relationship between Fiscal Stress and Pendapatan Asli Daerah and expenditure of East Nusa Tenggara Province through simple linear regression testing using secondary data Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung using a sample of six (6) districts / cities in 2014-2016 The results of the study show that the fiscal stress variable does not affect the income structure through Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung at a significance level of <0.05. The results of this study contribute to local budget policies and theoretically to the use of direct expenditure variables that are different from previous studies. Key Words: Fiscal Health, Fiscal Stress, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dan Belanja Langsung

FISCAL STRESS: Studi Kasus Pemda Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Wahana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Mesri Welhelmina N. Manafe ◽  
Zet Ena ◽  
Salmun Saul Adu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Fiscal Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stress Variable ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Expenditure

Local governments play a significant role in the life of the community and the national economy which can be achieved in fiscal health conditions reflected in the low disparity in income structure towards regional expenditure. The inability of regions to escape fiscal dependence is due to the low income, especially from Pendapatan Asli Daerah, which causes fiscal stress which then impacts on policies and implementation of regional spending through spending on programs and activities. This study will examine the relationship between Fiscal Stress and Pendapatan Asli Daerah and expenditure of East Nusa Tenggara Province through simple linear regression testing using secondary data Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung using a sample of six (6) districts / cities in 2014-2016 The results of the study show that the fiscal stress variable does not affect the income structure through Pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Belanja Langsung at a significance level of <0.05. The results of this study contribute to local budget policies and theoretically to the use of direct expenditure variables that are different from previous studies. Key Words: Fiscal Health, Fiscal Stress, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, dan Belanja Langsung

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