scholarly journals On position of the Black Sea region in general scheme of Cenozoic tectonic movement in Eastern Europe and the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Goryajnov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Tectonic Movement ◽  
Black Sea Region

THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA – NORTH SEA CORRIDOR FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Valentin-Costinel TOTIR ◽  
Roxana ALEXANDRU
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: During history, the main channel of communication and cooperation between countries was through commerce and, consequently, through transport. Among all the transport ways, the maritime transport is the one that offers the best cost – benefits ratio. This article is addressed to all the people involved or interested in the economic and military fields and aims to highlight the importance of the Black Sea and North Sea connecting corridor in ensuring peace and stability in Europe in general and in South-Eastern Europe in special. To achieve this goal, we will review the historical conflicts among European countries for waterway control and make a descriptive analysis of the stability situation in the areas affected by them. Furthermore, using the hypothetical-deductive method, we will highlight the manner in which the connection of the Black Sea with the North Sea has influenced economic and military exchanges between riparian states and the impact on stability across European continent. At the end of the article, we will show how economic and military stability in south-eastern Europe is influenced and threatened by geopolitical changes in the wider Black Sea region and how this stability can be maintained and strengthened due to the great possibilities for economic cooperation among the countries of Western and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty of this approach is that it aims to analyze the importance of the Black Sea-North Sea channel in the context of fundamental changes in the politico-military situation in South-East Europe, generated by the expansion of the Russian Federation and the conflict between Turkey and Greece, NATO member countries.

scholarly journals Этническая история Северо-Восточного Причерноморья и Крыма в IV–X веках

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Taman Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of

Автор продолжает серию статей по этнической и конфессиональной истории Причерноморья. Крым и Таманский полуостров издревле для многих народов были олицетворением единения Европы и Азии. Именно отсюда началось приобщение народов Восточной Европы к христианству. Именно здесь в VIII-IX вв. разворачивалось острое противостояние между готами-христианами и хазарами-иудеями. Все эти процессы запечатлены в памятниках архитектуры и археологии, объектах историко-культурного наследия.The author continues a series of articles on the ethnic and confessional history of the Black Sea region. For centuries, the Crimea and the Taman Peninsula have represented for many peoples the unity of Europe and Asia. This is where the introduction of the peoples of Eastern Europe to Christianity began. This is where in the VIII-IX centuries a sharp confrontation between the Christian Goths and the Khazars-Jews took place. All the processes are reflected in monuments of architecture and archeology, objects of historical and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals Geopolicy of the Black Sea region

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Nevenka Jeftic
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Geographic Position

The author describes historical and contemporary geopolitical position of the Black Sea region. Up to the present times the primary significance of the region has lain in its trade routes and other transit communications that connect Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Having such geographic position the region has been an interest sphere of great powers and regional states and conquerors. Today most of states of the Black Sea region are economically poor, have unstable political systems and burdened with constant and potential explosive problems.

scholarly journals THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BLACK SEA COUNTRIES OF THE THREE SEAS INITIATIVE RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Adam KRZYMOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy

: The Black Sea region has strategic geopolitical importance where the routes of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia, and the Middle East intersect. Ensuring stability and security in the Black Sea area is essential for emerging new security architecture. In search of balance, the challenges are met by the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) and the deepening of strategic relations with the United Arab Emirates. The UAE, anchored in the Euro-Atlantic partnership and with extensive influence, emerges as an interesting strategic partner. When analysing the Three Seas Initiative, it should be noted that the United States of America joined the implementation of 3SI, seeing it as an opportunity to pursue American interests in LNG markets, and in a broader geopolitical dimension, combining this initiative with projects in the Middle East. This research paper is the first to analyse the foreign and security policy of the two Black Sea countries, Bulgaria, and Romania that participate in the Three Seas Initiative, from the geostrategic perspective and relations with the United Arab Emirates. The research work is based on empirical research, and the results of which are largely derived from 10 years of direct observation, as well as the participation of the author of the article in many initiatives related to cooperation between all 3SI countries with the United Arab Emirates, among others as an Ambassador, Senior Advisor at Dubai Expo 2020.

scholarly journals Current state and perspectives of the American-Bulgarian relationship

2016 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Bogdan Grushetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Usa

The main stages of the relations between the USA and Bulgaria after the fall of the Communist regimes in the Central-Eastern Europe in1989 are clarified. They were the most active in 1990-1992, 2001-2003, 2005-2008 and their intensity depends mostly on the interest of the USA in the promoting their national interests with the help of Bulgaria. It is revealed, that the energetics and defense are the most important issues in the bilateral interaction. Geopolitical location of Bulgaria allows to consider it as a potentially significant element in the hydrocarbons supply in Europe from the Caspian region, Middle East and Russia. USA regard Bulgaria as a main partner in the South-Eastern Europe because of its strong allied position during the conflicts in the Balkans and Middle East and also its stable political development and rapid temps of democratization. Transformation of the American-Bulgarian cooperation during the second B. Borisov cabinet in power (since the November 2014) are analyzed. The key factor of it is the aggressive politics of Russia in the Black Sea Region. This politics obliged US diplomacy to promote the questions of the Bulgaria’s involving in the Southern Gas Corridor project more consistently and its defensive capacity strengthening. In this period position of Bulgaria in the main regional issues mostly corresponds with the American priorities. It concerns such directions as the international sanctions against Russia because of its aggression in Ukraine, the energy and arms diversification, strengthening of the NATO Eastern borders security.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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