Current intelligence bulletin 39 - the glycol ethers, with particular reference to 2-methoxyethanol and 2-ethoxyethanol: evidence of adverse reproductive effects (with reference package).

1983 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Reproductive Effects

Stochastic Computing via In Operando Modulation of Rectification in Molecular Tunneling Junctions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinkai Qiu ◽  
Sylvia Rousseva ◽  
Gang Ye ◽  
Jan C. Hummelen ◽  
Ryan Chiechi
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Stochastic Computing ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
In Operando ◽  
Tunneling Junctions

This paper describes the reconfiguration of molecular tunneling junctions during operation via the self-assembly of bilayers of glycol ethers. We use well-established functional groups to modulate the magnitude and direction of rectification in assembled tunneling junctions by exposing them to solutions containing different glycol ethers. Variable-temperature measurements establish that rectification occurs by a bias-dependent tunneling-hopping mechanism and that glycol ethers, beside being an unusually efficient tunneling medium, behave identically to alkanes. We fabricated memory bits from crossbar junctions prepared by injecting eutectic Ga-In into microfluidic channels. Two 8-bit registers were able to perform logical AND operations on bit strings encoded into chemical packets as microfluidic droplets that alter the composition of the crossbar junctions through self-assembly to effect memristor-like properties. This proof of concept work demonstrates the potential for fieldable molecular-electronic devices based on tunneling junctions of self-assembled monolayers and bilayers.

Study of the Fixing Process of Threaded Connections By Anaerobic Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
P. P. Fedirko ◽  
V. O. Krol ◽  
V. S. Bonchyk
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Threaded Connections ◽  
Torque Wrench ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polyalkylene Glycol ◽  
High Conversion Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Adhesives ◽  
Protection Of The Metal

The article presents the study results of the anaerobic materials effect on the strength of threaded connections in the repair of machinery and equipment. Their use is the simplest, most economical and reliable method of fixing and restoring threaded connections. The basis of the anaerobic compositions is polymerization compounds of the acrylic series, most often dimethacrylic and polyalkylene glycol ethers, which are characterized by a high conversion rate into spatially cross-linked polymers. Unlike mechanical methods of fixation and recovery, anaerobic materials completely fill the space between the threads of the spiral. This significantly increases the friction between the parts of the connection, improves the protection of the metal of the interface against corrosion, increases the torque when unscrewing in relation to the tightening torque, increases the resistance of the connection to the action of vibration, shock, shock loads. For the research, anaerobic thread locks were purchased, which were tested according to the same procedure and, after 24 hours at room temperature, each connection was clamped in a vice in turn so that the head of the torque wrench captures only the top nut, which had to be unscrewed. The rate of hardening of anaerobic adhesives is influenced by the size of the gaps between the combined surfaces, temperature, cleaning quality, the nature of the coating, etc. It has been established that the presence of polymerized anaerobic materials in the contact zone of parts significantly increases the strength of the joints. The conducted studies allowed to verify in practice the conformity of the tested anaerobic clamps of threaded connections to the stated parameters, to delineate the scope of their application. So, anaerobic adhesives for fixing threaded connections allow you to fix screws, nuts, bolts and pins to protect against loosening and loosening due to vibration

Reproductive Effects of Low-to-Moderate Medical Radiation Exposure

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 6171-6177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Latini ◽  
L. Dipaola ◽  
A. Mantovani ◽  
E. Picano
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Medical Radiation Exposure

A One-Step Synthesis of Monoprotected Polyethylene Glycol Ethers

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (18) ◽  
pp. 5843-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal N. Reed ◽  
Kim D. Janda
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
One Step

scholarly journals Determination of Glycol Ethers in Ambient Air by Adsorption Sampling and Thermal Desorption with GC/MS Analysis: Performance Evaluation and Field Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 970-979
Author(s):  
Young-Kyo Seo ◽  
Sung-Ok Baek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Sampling Campaign

Some of glycol ethers, such as 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) and 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) are known to be toxic and classified as hazardous air pollutants in USA, Japan and Germany. In Korea, however, there has been no study conducted so far for these compounds in ambient air. In addition, no clear methodologies for the measurement of glycol ethers have been yet established. We carried out this study to evaluate a sampling and analytical method for the determination of glycol ethers, in ambient air samples collected in specific industrial areas of South Korea. To measure glycol ethers, adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC/MS analysis were used in this study. The analytical method showed good repeatability, linearity and sensitivity. The lower detection limits were estimated to be approximately 0.3∼0.5 ppb. Based on storage tests, it was suggested that samples should be analyzed within two weeks. It was also demonstrated that this method can be used for the simultaneous measurement of glycol ethers and other aromatic VOCs such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Field sampling campaign was carried out at 2 sites, located in a large industrial area, from October 2006 to June 2007, and a total of 480 samples were collected seasonally. Among them, 2-ME was not detected from any samples, while 2-EE and 2-Ethyloxyethylacetate (2-EEA) were found in 7 and 70 samples, respectively. The measured concentrations of 2-EE and 2-EEA for samples were ranged from 0.7-2.5 ppb and from 0.5-10.5 ppb, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first measurement report for glycol ethers in the ambient atmosphere not only in Korea but also the rest of the world.

Maternal occupation as a nail technician or hairdresser during pregnancy and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107561
Author(s):  
Miriam R Siegel ◽  
Carissa M Rocheleau ◽  
Kendra Broadwater ◽  
Albeliz Santiago-Colón ◽  
Candice Y Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Maternal Occupation ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveNail technicians and hairdressers may be exposed to chemicals with potential reproductive effects. While studies have examined birth defects in children of hairdressers, those in children of nail technicians have not been evaluated. We investigated associations between selected birth defects and maternal occupation as a nail technician or hairdresser versus a non-cosmetology occupation during pregnancy.MethodsWe analysed population-based case–control data from the multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011. Cases were fetuses or infants with major structural birth defects; controls were live-born infants without major birth defects. Expert raters classified self-reported maternal jobs as nail technician, combination nail technician-hairdresser, hairdresser, other cosmetology work or non-cosmetology work. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for associations between occupation during pregnancy and birth defects, controlling for age, smoking, education and race/ethnicity.ResultsSixty-one mothers worked as nail technicians, 196 as hairdressers, 39 as combination nail technician-hairdressers and 42 810 as non-cosmetologists. The strongest associations among nail technicians included seven congenital heart defect (CHD) groups (ORs ranging from 2.7 to 3.5) and neural tube defects (OR=2.6, CI=0.8 to 8.4). Birth defects most strongly associated with hairdressing included anotia/microtia (OR=2.1, CI=0.6 to 6.9) and cleft lip with cleft palate (OR=2.0, CI=1.1 to 3.7). All oral cleft groups were associated with combination nail technician-hairdresser work (ORs ranging from 4.2 to 5.3).ConclusionsSmall samples resulted in wide CIs. Still, results suggest associations between maternal nail technician work during pregnancy and CHDs and between hairdressing work and oral clefts.

The potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic ruminants to endocrine disrupting compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Boerjan ◽  
S. Freijnagel ◽  
S.M. Rhind ◽  
G.A.L. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Contaminated Food

AbstractChemical compounds that mimic or block some of the actions of the steroid hormone oestradiol, have created public concern primarily because of potential adverse reproductive effects in wildlife and humans. Many studies, in vivo and in vitro, have revealed abnormal reproductive function following exposure to these compounds. The number of chemicals known to have the potential to modulate endocrine functions is increasing. In contrast to humans and wildlife, the potential reproductive effects of exposure of domestic animals to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) have been studied little. The aim of this overview is to evaluate the possible contribution of EDC to reproductive failure in domestic ruminants.Sources and classes of EDC are discussed as well as their structure and the modes of hormone disruption. Endocrine disrupting agents may interfere with the reproductive processes of both males and females at several points of the reproductive cycle and through a range of physiological mechanisms. Extrapolating from the results obtained with laboratory animals, the mechanisms whereby infertility in domestic ruminants might be expressed by exposure to EDC through contaminated food and drinking water are addressed.A preliminary risk assessment is included and it is concluded that under certain circumstances there may be a significantly enhanced intake of oestrogenic hormones and EDC through sewage-contaminated water or soil-contaminated herbage. The physiological consequences for domestic ruminants of EDC ingestion, at the rates estimated, are largely unknown. However, the levels of exposure to oestrogenic hormones and phthalates in grazing ruminants are such that when studying fertility problems in high-yielding dairy cattle the impacts of exposure to endocrine disruptors via the food and drinking water cannot be neglected.

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