Economical, Efficient and Optimum Design of Storm Water Harvester

GIS Business ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Deepak Juneja ◽  
Aditya Rana
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Optimum Solution

 In most parts of India, water table is getting lowered. The problem is more predominant in dense cities. Some cities have become dependent on potable water supply. Due to paving of roads and construction of buildings, Infiltration has reduced and run off has increased. Run off increases when the rainfall is intense and with increased road and building infrastructure. Further there is huge withdrawal of water to meet the demand for growing population. Sowing of paddy to increase the returns from farming adds to the problem. Paddy needs 150cm of water from sowing to harvesting. It is not the natural crop of this region. Part of this water demand is met by monsoon and the rest by pumping out of water. There is huge and rapid withdrawal of water from tube wells to keep the crops inundated in water. This causes the drawdown or lowering of water table.  In the last two decades water has been receding at the rate of 50-100cm per year. After concerns of water harvesting were raised, the rate of decline has receded. Since we cannot do much about reducing water demand, the solution lies in water harvesting and recycling waste water. Roof top water harvesting is easy and has no challenges. Storm water harvesting is challenging and daunting task. The harvesters get clogged and may not be operational for long time. Optimum solution has been found for filter material to be used, and design of harvester.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

Processing of Storm-Water Run-Off – French Experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1783-1784
Author(s):  
C. Marte ◽  
Y. Ruperd
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Run Off

Wastewater reuse in Italy

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
G. L. Cirelli ◽  
S. Indelicato
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Irrigation Water Demand ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
Italian Legislation

In many parts of Italy, particularly in the South, it has become ever more difficult to meet the water demand. The recent years of drought and the constant increase of water demand for the civil sector have made irrigation supply more problematic. Wastewater reuse could represent a viable solution to meet water demand. The focus of this paper is on the regulation problems, hampering the development of wastewater reuse for irrigation, and on the potentials for reuse, particularly in Southern Italy. Planned exploitation of municipal wastewater could help meeting the irrigation water demand particularly in Southern Italy, where farmers have been practising uncontrolled wastewater reuse for a long time. In Northern and Central Italy, where available water resources generally meet water needs for different purposes, wastewater reuse could play an important role in controlling the pollution of water bodies. Despite the fact that Italian legislation is extremely strict and outdated, for several years in some regions, such as Sicily, wastewater reuse systems have been in operation; furthermore, several projects of wastewater reuse are currently in progress.

scholarly journals Potential effects of storm-water run-off on assemblages of mobile invertebrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 439 ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Ghedini ◽  
JC Klein ◽  
RA Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Storm Water ◽  
Run Off

scholarly journals A quasi three dimensional model of water flow in the subsurface of Milano (Italy): the stationary flow

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giudici ◽  
L. Foglia ◽  
G. Parravicini ◽  
G. Ponzini ◽  
B. Sincich
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stationary Flow ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Conservative Finite Difference Scheme ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract. A quasi three-dimensional model is developed to simulate the behaviour of the aquifer system which is the resource of drinkable water for the town of Milano (Italy). Non continuous semipermeable layers locally separate permeable levels in a multilayered system, consisting of a phreatic and three confined aquifers. The numerical model is a conservative finite difference scheme based on the discretisation of the water balance equation for stationary flow. The grid spacing is 500 m and has been chosen, taking into account the distribution of the data in an area of about 400 km2. The model has been calibrated with a "trial and error" procedure, by comparison of the results of the model with the observations for three years (1950, 1974 and 1982) which correspond to different flow situations. Once calibrated, the model has been used as a predictive tool, to forecast the behaviour of the aquifer system for other years of the 20th century; the comparison between the model forecasts and observations is good. The model is capable of describing both the strong drawdown of the water table in the 1970s, when the water demand for domestic and industrial needs was very high, and the rise of the water table in the 1990s, when water extraction decreased. The results of the model confirm that the phreatic level is controlled largely by the local extraction of water; moreover, the aquifer system reacts to an increasing water demand with a small increase of the inflow and with a strong decrease of the outflow from its boundaries.

Recommended urban storm water infiltration devices for different types of run-off under varying hydrogeological conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Göbel ◽  
Julia Zimmermann ◽  
Christoph Klinger ◽  
Holger Stubbe ◽  
Wilhelm G. Coldewey
Keyword(s):  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Hydrogeological Conditions ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Storm

scholarly journals Analysis of Influenced Factors the Reduction of Pig Population in Simanindo District, Samosir Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
M Sinurat
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rate Of Decline

 The people in Samosir believe that pigs are livestock that bring many benefits. That is why many people raise pigs. At this time there is a downward trend in pig population.This research was conducted at the people's farm in Simanindo District, Samosir Regency.   This study was conducted from May until July 2019 and aimed to investigate the factors that affect the rate of decline in the pig population. The result of research will show dominant factors that causes the rate of decline in the pig population and improvement could be conducted to prevent pig population decline trend. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis with the variable of animal feed limitations, farmer experience, long time raising, local environmental customs, religious holiday production. This research was conducted by asking the farmer directly and giving a randomly selected questionnaire. In total there were 84 pig farmers in 4 villages in each district. The results of this study indicated that the limitations of feed, long time raising, environmental customs around and religious day have a very significant influence on the decline in pig population in Simanindo District Samosir Regency.

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