Landsat-Based Drought Phenomenon Evaluation of Cassava and Sugar cane in Northeast Thailand
Northeast Thailand is a predominantly agriculture-based region yet it suffers from drought which threatens the people’s livelihood. The region is the largest producer of sugar cane and cassava in the country which are classified as high-value, food and energy crops. Thailand ranks first and third in the world in terms of exporting cassava and sugar cane respectively. Unfortunately, when compared to other regions, the northeast receives the least attention in terms of agricultural research yet it is the most vulnerable part of the country. As such, the goal of this study was to assess agricultural drought in the region pertaining to sugar cane and cassava farming over twelve years (2004 to 2015) relative to the climatic conditions. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-based Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (30 meters’ resolution) was usedas a determinant of agricultural drought. Precipitation and temperature (0.25-degree resolution) data were sourced from GLDAS-2 Noah model products. Temporal-VCI indicated that the major agricultural drought periods for both crops were 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011. A significant improvement in the crops’ condition was noted in 2014 and 2015. Similarly, spatial-VCI showed an increase in VCI for 2014 and 2015 despite these being major meteorological drought years. This supports the premise that the region has made efforts to curb the effects of drought on agriculture. However, continuous monitoring of drought using different physical indicators is necessary for further development of effective solutions and sharpening of the currently existing measures