scholarly journals Sodium reduction in New Zealand requires major behaviour change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lofthouse ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
R McLean
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd This pilot study examined the feasibility of adherence to a low sodium diet in a sample of healthy New Zealand adults. It also addressed whether following a low sodium diet was accompanied by changes in intakes of other nutrients that influence cardiovascular risk. Eleven healthy adults provided dietary intake data and a 24-hour urine collection at baseline and follow-up. They then received nutritional counselling based on the World Health Organization recommendation for sodium intake (<2000 mg/day) and received ongoing nutritional support while undertaking a low sodium diet for four weeks. At the end of the four-week period, participants completed a semi-structured interview that elicited participants’ opinions on barriers and facilitators to following a low sodium diet and explored changes in participants’ dietary habits and behaviours. Thematic analysis revealed that adherence to a low sodium diet required substantial changes to participants’ usual food purchasing and preparation habits. Participants reported that lack of control over the sodium content of meals eaten away from the home, the complex and time-consuming nature of interpreting nutrition information labels, and difficulty identifying suitable snacks were barriers to adherence. Detailed meal planning and cooking from scratch, using flavour replacements, reading food labels to identify low sodium foods, receiving support from other people and receiving tailored nutrition advice were facilitators. Mean sodium intake reduced over the period, accompanied by a decrease in mean intake of total fat. These factors suggest that sodium reduction in New Zealand adults was feasible. However, considerable changes to eating behaviours were required.

scholarly journals Sodium reduction in New Zealand requires major behaviour change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Lofthouse ◽  
Lisa Te Morenga ◽  
R McLean
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd This pilot study examined the feasibility of adherence to a low sodium diet in a sample of healthy New Zealand adults. It also addressed whether following a low sodium diet was accompanied by changes in intakes of other nutrients that influence cardiovascular risk. Eleven healthy adults provided dietary intake data and a 24-hour urine collection at baseline and follow-up. They then received nutritional counselling based on the World Health Organization recommendation for sodium intake (<2000 mg/day) and received ongoing nutritional support while undertaking a low sodium diet for four weeks. At the end of the four-week period, participants completed a semi-structured interview that elicited participants’ opinions on barriers and facilitators to following a low sodium diet and explored changes in participants’ dietary habits and behaviours. Thematic analysis revealed that adherence to a low sodium diet required substantial changes to participants’ usual food purchasing and preparation habits. Participants reported that lack of control over the sodium content of meals eaten away from the home, the complex and time-consuming nature of interpreting nutrition information labels, and difficulty identifying suitable snacks were barriers to adherence. Detailed meal planning and cooking from scratch, using flavour replacements, reading food labels to identify low sodium foods, receiving support from other people and receiving tailored nutrition advice were facilitators. Mean sodium intake reduced over the period, accompanied by a decrease in mean intake of total fat. These factors suggest that sodium reduction in New Zealand adults was feasible. However, considerable changes to eating behaviours were required.

Association Between Self-reported Adherence to a Low-Sodium Diet and Dietary Habits Related to Sodium Intake in Heart Failure Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloisa Colin-Ramirez ◽  
Finlay A. McAlister ◽  
Elizabeth Woo ◽  
Nellie Wong ◽  
Justin A. Ezekowitz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

Abstract 17541: An Education Intervention Focused on Self-monitoring for Symptom and Sodium Intake Improves Adherence to the Low Sodium Diet and Health Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyeung Song ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Seok-Min Kang ◽  
Terry A Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Despite the clinical emphasis on recommending a low sodium diet (LSD), adherence to a LSD remains poor in patients with heart failure (HF). Additional research is needed to determine successful interventions to improve adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Purpose: To determine the effect of an education intervention on adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Method: A total of 109 HF patients (age 64±9 years, 29% female) who were non-adherent to LSD, indicating > 3g of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hr UNa) at baseline, were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1) symptom monitoring and restricted 3 gram sodium diet (SMART) group, 2) the telephone monitoring (TM) group, or 3) usual care control group. The SMART group received individualized teaching and guidance of self-monitoring for worsening symptom and sodium intake using symptom and food diary for 4 sessions over 8 weeks. Patients assigned to either of the 2 intervention groups (SMART or TM) received phone calls every 2 weeks over 8 weeks. At 6 months follow-up, adherence to a LSD was assessed using 24hr UNa. Patients were followed for 1 year to determine time to first event of hospitalization or death due to cardiac problems. Repeated measures ANOVA and Cox regression were used to determine the effect of intervention. Results: The SMART group (n=37) showed a significant reduction in sodium intake across time compared to the TM group (n=35) and control group (n=37) (p= .022). In the Cox regression, patients in the SMART group had longer cardiac event-free survival compared to the control group after controlling for age, gender, ejection fraction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and better blocker use (p=.008). Conclusion: An education intervention focused on self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake improved adherence to LSD and health outcomes in patients with HF. Helping patients engage in self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake by themselves can promote better health outcome.

Adrenergic control of renin during dietary sodium deprivation in conscious dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (6) ◽  
pp. E863-E871 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hisa ◽  
Y. H. Chen ◽  
K. J. Radke ◽  
J. L. Izzo ◽  
C. D. Sladek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction

These experiments evaluated the contribution of alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation to plasma renin activity (PRA) during early and long-term dietary sodium restriction, compared with normal sodium intake. Uninephrectomized conscious dogs with catheters in the aorta, vena cava, and remaining renal artery were studied during normal sodium diet (approximately 70 meq/day), after 2-3 days of low-sodium diet (5-7 meq/day), and after greater than or equal to 2 wk of low-sodium diet. Direct renal arterial (ira) infusion of phenoxybenzamine plus propranolol decreased PRA by similar proportions (39-48%) during all three states of dietary sodium intake. The PRA achieved after adrenergic blockade remained higher (P less than 0.05) during early and long-term sodium restriction than during normal sodium intake. The effect on PRA of ira infusion of propranolol alone was not different from that of phenoxybenzamine plus propranolol during normal or low-sodium diet, and the magnitude of decrease in PRA during low-sodium diet was the same whether propranolol (1 microgram.kg-1.min-1) was infused ira or intravenously. In summary, beta-adrenergic stimulation accounts for similar proportions of PRA during early and long-term dietary sodium restriction and during normal sodium intake. Renal alpha-adrenoceptors appear to play little or no role in control of PRA under these conditions.

Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Angiotensin II by Sodium Intake in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Kawamura ◽  
Yuhei Kawano ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
Masahito Imanishi ◽  
Satoshi Akabane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sodium Depletion ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

1. Angiotensin (ANG) levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of 15 patients with essential hypertension on a high sodium diet for 1 week and on a low sodium diet for a further week. ANGs were determined using a system of extraction by Sep-Pak cartridges followed by h.p.l.c. combined with radioimmunoassay. 2. Sodium depletion resulted in increases of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid from 1.16 ± 0.38 (sem) to 1.83 ± 0.43 fmol/ml (P < 0.01) and of ANG III from 0.65 ± 0.11 to 0.86 ± 0.15 fmol/ml (P < 0.01). 3. The ANG II level in the cerebrospinal fluid was found to be unchanged and recovery of added ANG II was approximately 90%, even after incubation for 3 h, on both diets. Thus, it is unlikely that ANG II is produced or degraded in the cerebrospinal fluid in vitro. 4. There was no significant correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid and the plasma ANG II concentration on the low sodium diet. 5. These results suggest that the cerebrospinal fluid ANG II level increases with sodium depletion, and that the effect of the level of ANG II on the activity of the angiotensin-forming system in the central nervous system may be assessed by determination of ANG II in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with essential hypertension.

Effect of Captopril on Renal Vascular Tone in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 421s-423s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mimran ◽  
H. R. Brunner ◽  
G. A. Turini ◽  
B. Waeber ◽  
D. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Renal Vascular Tone

1. The effect of acute inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by captopril (50 mg) on renal haemodynamics and function was assessed in nine patients with essential hypertension on unrestricted sodium intake (n = 8) or low sodium diet (n = 1). 2. Captopril induced a rapid and significant decrease in arterial pressure, which was maximal within 60 min. 3. Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) increased, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change and filtration fraction (FF) decreased after captopril. No change in sodium excretion and a decrease in urinary potassium occurred. 4. In the patient on low sodium diet, captopril induced striking increases in GFR and ERPF (64 and 106% respectively). 5. The logarithm of baseline plasma renin activity was positively correlated with the change in ERPF and negatively correlated with changes in FF and renal resistance. 6. The results indicate that in patients with essential hypertension angiotensin participates actvely in the maintenance of renal vascular tone at the efferent arteriolar level. A possible influence of kinins remains to be defined.

The Effect of a Reduced Sodium Intake on Post-Renal Transplantation Hypertension in Rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. De Keijzer ◽  
A. P. Provoost ◽  
E. D. Wolff ◽  
W. J. Kort ◽  
I. M. Weijma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

1. In an experimental model of post-renal transplantation hypertension in rats, we studied the effect of a reduction of sodium intake on the development of this type of hypertension. 2. Systolic blood pressure, plasma- renin concentration and renal function were measured regularly in recipients of an allogeneic kidney transplant that had previously undergone active immunological enhancement. 3. Transplant recipients on a normal diet showed a rise in systolic blood pressure during the second week after transplantation. The systolic blood pressure of recipients on a low sodium diet remained normotensive throughout the 15 weeks follow-up period. 4. The plasma renin concentration was low in the hypertensive recipients on a normal diet, as compared with unilaterally nephrectomized controls. Although the plasma renin concentration of recipients on a low sodium diet fell below that of unilaterally nephrectomized controls on a low sodium diet, it was higher than that of recipients on a normal diet. 5. The renal function of transplant recipients was greatly reduced compared with that of control rats. The glomerular filtration rate was reduced to a greater extent than the effective renal plasma flow. 6. In a separate experiment it was revealed that a similar reduction in the glomerular filtration rate of kidneys permanently damaged by temporary ischaemia did not result in an increase in the systolic blood pressure. 7. Survival up to 6 weeks after transplantation was the same for both groups of recipients. Recipients on a low sodium diet, however, showed a better 15 weeks survival, probably owing to the absence of hypertension in this group. 8. The prevention of the development of hypertension by means of a reduction of sodium intake, points to an involvement of sodium retention in this post-transplantation hypertension model.

Effect of Chronic Hemorrhage on Urinary Aldosterone-Like Activity and Sodium Excretion in Dogs

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jay Goodkind ◽  
Wilmot C. Ball ◽  
James O. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Renal Sodium Excretion

Chronic hemorrhage in normal dogs resulted in increased urinary aldosterone-like activity and a reduction in renal sodium excretion which was approximately equivalent to the sodium content of the blood removed. Glomerular filtration rate either increased or did not change. A comparable increase in aldosterone-like activity was observed in urine from normal dogs fed a low sodium diet equivalent to the net sodium intake of dogs subjected to hemorrhage.

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