Comparison of different obesity indices associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among different sex and age groups in Nantong, China: a cross-section study

Background Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the obesity index that is most closely related to type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the associations of five anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], body adiposity index, waist circumference [WC], waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) with T2DM among Chinese adults divided into four groups according to sex and age. Methods A total of 4007 adult participants (1669 men and 2338 women) were included in the study. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of T2DM for each obesity index. Furthermore, we compared the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of T2DM under the influence of risk factors. Results WC had the highest OR (3.211 and 1.452) and AUC (0.783 and 0.614) in both age groups of men. However, WHtR (OR = 2.366, AUC = 0.771) and BMI (OR = 1.596, AUC = 0.647) were the optimal criteria for predicting T2DM among females in the 18–59 and ≥ 60 years age groups, respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that there is a positive association between obesity-related anthropometric indices and T2DM in different sex and age groups. WC appears to be the optimal anthropometric index for predicting T2DM in men. The optimal obesity indices related to T2DM were WHtR and BMI for women aged 18–59 and ≥ 60 years, respectively.

Lipid Accumulation Product: An Effective Obesity Index to Predict Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Obesity is a significant risk factor in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) is an obesity index and has been proposed to be a predictor of metabolic syndrome. The present study aims to see the effectiveness of Lipid Accumulation Product as an obesity index to predict metabolic syndrome in a Bangladeshi population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, between March 2016 and February 2017. A total of 200 apparently healthy subjects (127 men and 73 women) were selected for the study, attending out-patient-departments of the same institution. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, which included their height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). Overnight fasting blood samples were collected to estimate fasting serum glucose and lipid profile. Then LAP was calculated and evaluated as a tool in prediction of MetS in the study subjects. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the performance of LAP in MetS prediction by gender. The power of MetS prediction was quantified by the area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NVP) of LAP in predicting MetS were 70.45%, 78.57%, 72.09% and 77.19% in male study subjects and 20.45%, 96.43%, 81.82% and 60.67% in female subjects respectively. ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value of LAP in male study subjects was 40.72, while area under the curve was 0.92; in female study subjects, the values were 51.69 and 0.91 respectively (P<0.001). Conclusion: Lipid Accumulation Product was found simple, accessible and effective obesity index to predict metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy adults. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2022; 40: 5-9

Anti-inflammatory and -apoptotic effects of a long-term herbal extract treatment on DSS-induced colitis in mice fed with high AGEs-fat diet

Background Obesity is associated with many comorbidities including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated prophylactic effects of an herbal extract (HE) on the DSS-induced colitis mice challenged with high AGEs-fat diet 60% (HFD). Methods Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with either HFD (8 groups, 6 mice in each group), or normal diet (ND) (8 groups, 6 mice in each group). After 6 weeks, animals received HE (combination of turmeric, ginger, boswellia and cat’s claw extract) for 7 weeks in three doses (high dose (0.6 mg/g); low dose (0.15 mg/g) and mid dose (0.3 mg/g)). Next, mice were subjected to 2.5% DSS in drinking water. Control mice received ND and instead of HE and DSS they received distilled water. Obesity index markers were determined, H&E staining and TUNEL assay evaluated apoptosis. Colonic expressions of IL-6, RAGE, AGER1, Sirt1, Bax, Bcl2, ZO-1 and P53 were determined. Results HE ameliorated colitis in HFD mice by reducing colonic myeloperoxidase activity (by 2.3-fold), macrophage accumulation (by 2.6-fold) and mRNA expression of IL-6 (by 2.3-fold) in HFD mice. Moreover, HE restored ZO-1 (by 2.7-fold), prevented apoptosis and maintained immune homeostasis. HE reduced activation of NF-κB protein (by 1.3-fold) through decreasing RAGE (by 1.93-fold) and up-regulation of Sirt1 (by 7.71-fold) and prevented down-regulation of DDOST (by 6.6-fold) in HFD mice. Conclusions HE ameliorated colitis in prophylactic in HFD mice and it was, at least partly, due to the restoration of the gut integrity, suppression of inflammation and apoptosis via modulation of colonic Sirt1, RAGE and DDOST signaling. Graphic abstract

Synbiotic Supplementation Improves Obesity Index and Metabolic Biomarkers in Thai Obese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The cluster of metabolic disorders includes obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Evolving proofs suggest an essential role of microbiota in human health and disease, including digestion, energy and glucose metabolism, immunomodulation, and brain function. The frequency of overweight is increasing, and the main causes for this are highly processed foods and less active lifestyles. Research is underway to unravel the probable relationship between obesity and intestinal microbiota. Here, we propose a method to understand and elucidate the synergistic function of prebiotics and probiotics in treating obesity. The biomarkers of obesity, such as cholesterol, gut permeability, oxidative stress, bacterial toxins, cytokines, and short-chain fatty acids, were analyzed in Thai obese individuals after being supplemented with a synbiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve, inulin, and fructooligosaccharide. The results reveal that the supplementation of synbiotics significantly altered the obesity-associated biomarkers in an appositive way. Further studies are warranted to use synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy for the management of obesity-related health issues.

Birth Weight and Adult Obesity Index in Relation to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study in the UK Biobank

Objectives: To investigate the association between birth weight and the risk of hypertension, and to examine the interaction between birth weight and the adult obesity index.Methods: We included 199,893 participants who had birth weight data and no history of hypertension at baseline (2006–2010) from the UK Biobank. A multivariate cubic regression spline was used to visually explore the dose-response relationship. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: We observed a nonlinear inverse association between birth weight and hypertension. The risk for hypertension decreased as birth weight increased up to approximately 3.80 kg. Compared with the participants with the fourth quintile of birth weight (3.43–3.80 kg), those with the first quartile of birth weight (&lt;2.88 kg) were associated with a 25% higher risk of hypertension [HR 1.25; 95% CI (1.18–1.32)]. In addition, the participants with birth weight &lt;2.88 kg and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 had the highest risk [HR 3.54; 95% CI (3.16–3.97); p for interaction &lt;0.0001], as compared with those with birth weight between 3.43–3.80 kg and body mass index between 18.5–25.0 kg/m2. These associations were largely consistent in the stratified and sensitivity analyses.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that lower birth weight is nonlinearly correlated with higher risk of hypertension, and birth weight between 3.43–3.80 kg might represent an intervention threshold. Moreover, lower birth weight may interact with adult obesity to significantly increase hypertension risk.

Comparison of Different Obesity Indices associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Different Sex and Age Groups in China

Background: Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the obesity index most closely related to type 2 diabetes is still controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the associations of five anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Chinese adults divided into four groups according to sex and age.Methods: A total of 4,007 adult participants (1,669 males and 2,338 females) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were used with binary logistic regression models to estimate the risk of T2DM for each obesity index. Furthermore, we compared the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of each obesity index for the criterion of hypertension under the influence of risk factors. Results: For the males, WC had the highest value of OR (3.211 and 1.452) and AUC (0.783 and 0.614) in both age groups. However, WHtR (OR=2.366, AUC=0.771) and BMI (OR=1.596, AUC=0.647) tended to be the best criteria for T2DM among females in the 18-59 and ≥60 years age groups, respectively.Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a positive association of obesity-related anthropometric indices with T2DM in different sex and age groups. For males, WC appears to be the best anthropometric index for predicting T2DM. For 18-59 and ≥60 age women, the best obesity indices related with T2DM are WHtR and BMI, respectively.

Applicability of the New Criteria for Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MALFD) in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 1/3 to ¼ of the world’s population. Currently this pathology is being redefined by using the acronym MALFD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease) and the possibility of new criteria for its diagnosis is being discussed. Methodology: Prospective and descriptive studies carried out between July 2018 and June 2020 where the applicability of the new criteria in MAFLD diagnosis were valued. Patients with NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) were enrolled in clinics specialized in this pathology. Results: Out of 172 patients enrolled, 96.4% (this represents a total of 165 patients) presented obesity, were over weighted and or presented Diabetes Mellitus. The rest of the patients (a total of 7) presented high blood pressure and or dyslipidemia. Moreover, it was observed that the higher the obesity index the higher the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: The criteria for the diagnosis of MAFLD are adaptable in patients with a diagnosis of NAFLD from the first consultation and allow the assessment of prognostic elements of the disease. This would allow us to intervene at very early stages which could impact patient’s prognosis