scholarly journals Zones of Contention: A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Two Regimes of Enrolment Regulations in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Lower Decile ◽  
The Impact

<p>A number of New Zealand studies have identified a relationship between enrolment regulations and school enrolments, in particular drawing attention to the negative impact that the abandonment of ‘home zones’ in 1991 have had on many lower decile and ethnically diverse schools. The progress of a group of secondary schools within a geographic area in New Zealand from before the introduction of Tomorrow’s Schools in 1989 up to 2009 is tracked using quantitative data from the Ministry of Education, New Zealand Qualifications Authority and Statistics New Zealand combined with qualitative data from interviews with those who were principals during the period. This mixed-methods approach shows that both enrolment numbers and academic achievement in three of the four schools fell and then rose almost simultaneously with the removal in 1991 and then reinstatement in 2000 of geographic home zones. The ethnic and socioeconomic polarisation that resulted from the earlier change, however, has not reversed. The quantitative and qualitative data together provide clear evidence that geographic home zones provide a level of stability and security in the provision of education at a local level that is not matched by the alternative regulatory regime that operated in the 1990s.</p>

scholarly journals Zones of Contention: A Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Two Regimes of Enrolment Regulations in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Timothy James Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Lower Decile ◽  
The Impact

<p>A number of New Zealand studies have identified a relationship between enrolment regulations and school enrolments, in particular drawing attention to the negative impact that the abandonment of ‘home zones’ in 1991 have had on many lower decile and ethnically diverse schools. The progress of a group of secondary schools within a geographic area in New Zealand from before the introduction of Tomorrow’s Schools in 1989 up to 2009 is tracked using quantitative data from the Ministry of Education, New Zealand Qualifications Authority and Statistics New Zealand combined with qualitative data from interviews with those who were principals during the period. This mixed-methods approach shows that both enrolment numbers and academic achievement in three of the four schools fell and then rose almost simultaneously with the removal in 1991 and then reinstatement in 2000 of geographic home zones. The ethnic and socioeconomic polarisation that resulted from the earlier change, however, has not reversed. The quantitative and qualitative data together provide clear evidence that geographic home zones provide a level of stability and security in the provision of education at a local level that is not matched by the alternative regulatory regime that operated in the 1990s.</p>

scholarly journals Bank Capital, Operating Efficiency, and Corporate Performance in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87
Author(s):  
Abdulai Agbaje Salami ◽  
Ahmad Bukola Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Net Interest Margin ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact of bank capital and operating efficiency on the Nigerian deposit money bank financial performance with a view to resolving risk-based and non-risk-based capitals’ dichotomy existing in the bank literature. Using bank-specific data obtained from the annual reports and accounts of 15 banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015, the panel data regression analyses revealed the superiority of standard capital ratio of equity-to-total-assets, a non-risk-based capital, over other measures. While all measures, both risk-based and non-risk-based capitals, showed significantly positive effects on bank performance as measured by return-on-asset, mixed results were obtained from other indicators: return-on-equity and net-interest-margin. Overall, only equity-to-total-assets influenced all adopted performance indicators positively. It was also found that operating efficiency measured by cost-to-income ratio had negative impact on bank performance, but on the average it appeared too high. Thus, incorporating the standard capital ratio of equity-to-total assets into regulatory regime by the banks’ regulator is recommended to ensure its relevance is not overshadowed.

scholarly journals Aspects Concerning the Impact of Climate Aridization on Forest Ecosystems (Case Study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Nedealcov Maria ◽  
Donica Ala ◽  
Brașoveanu Valeriu ◽  
Grigoraș Nicolae ◽  
Deomidova Cristina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Climate Aridization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Assessment activity and surveillance of the forests health, held at the global, regional and local level, has continuously developed, culminating in the current period with interdisciplinary and extensive scientific researches, that evaluate the effects of the main factors on forest ecosystems state, in particular, air pollution and climate change. Scientific researches have shown that among trees ecophysiological processes, forest life processes and meteorological parameters there are direct dependences, particularly in the case of trees supply with water during the growing period (May-July), with major influences for critical months (July and August), which have a decisive impact on growth, vitality and production of organic matter in forests. Dry years, from the beginning of the third millennium can lead to a decrease of mesophilic forests area (beech, sessile oak and penduculate oak), which will tend to retreat towards the center of the area (central Europe) in favor of thermophilic forests with pubescent oak. It was determined that a most significant negative impact of climate aridization will feel the forest ecosystems from Southern and central regions of country (conditioned by the mean air temperature (July-August), monthly rainfall (May-August), evapotranspiration and geographic latitude), and less - the Northern part of the country (Forestry Aridity Index calculated for 3 experimental stations revealed variations of this index between 7.8 - 8.3 - in the Central part of country, and 8.4 - 8.6 - for Southern part of country). At the same time the impact of climate change will determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of pests and pathogenic species. The phenomenon of climate aridization was expressed also through the impact of the Microsphaera alphitoides disease, intensity of “mildew” attack being based on the climatic conditions of the study region. Obtained data, for confirmation, were correlated with indications of bioindicators, present in the study region.

Commute and labour productivity: investigation of inner city construction sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1305-1319
Author(s):  
Daniel Alejandro Chaparro ◽  
Fei J. Ying ◽  
Funmilayo Ebun Rotimi ◽  
Temitope Egbelakin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to identify the impact that commute patterns pose on construction labour productivity (CLP). There is limited research focussed on the impact of workforce transportation on productivity, even fewer in a construction environment. In particular, this study seeks to fill a gap in the understanding of how commute patterns may influence CLP. Design/methodology/approach Key factors reported affecting CLP were identified through a comprehensive literature review. Data were collected from 27 interviews and observational evidence at construction sites on Auckland Central Business District (CBD). Findings Shortage of skills, communication among workers, shirking behaviour, absenteeism and tardiness were perceived as the most critical labour productivity factors that are influenced by commute patterns. It is considered that stressful commutes may lead to shirking behaviours (absenteeism and calling sick). Meanwhile, ridesharing may encourage communication among workers. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out in a central business district, focussing on a geographic area with its particular characteristics. The results, thus, may not be generalised in general urban settings. Originality/value The research outcomes can be used as guidelines for companies considering travel plans for their employees, to minimise the negative impact commuting can have on workers, especially in industries with low productivity.

scholarly journals Tourism under the Early Phase of COVID-19 in Four APEC Economies: An Estimation with Special Focus on SARS Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7543
Author(s):  
Bao-Linh Tran ◽  
Chi-Chung Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Tseng ◽  
Shu-Yi Liao
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

This study examines how experience of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) influences the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on international tourism demand for four Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, and New Zealand, over the 1 January–30 April 2020 period. To proceed, panel regression models are first applied with a time-lag effect to estimate the general effects of COVID-19 on daily tourist arrivals. In turn, the data set is decomposed into two nation groups and fixed effects models are employed for addressing the comparison of the pandemic-tourism relationship between economies with and without experiences of the SARS epidemic. Specifically, Taiwan and Hong Kong are grouped as economies with SARS experiences, while Thailand and New Zealand are grouped as countries without experiences of SARS. The estimation result indicates that the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases has a significant negative impact on tourism demand, in which a 1% COVID-19 case increase causes a 0.075% decline in tourist arrivals, which is a decline of approximately 110 arrivals for every additional person infected by the coronavirus. The negative impact of COVID-19 on tourist arrivals for Thailand and New Zealand is found much stronger than for Taiwan and Hong Kong. In particular, the number of tourist arrivals to Taiwan and Hong Kong decreased by 0.034% in response to a 1% increase in COVID-19 confirmed cases, while in Thailand and New Zealand, a 1% national confirmed cases increase caused a 0.103% reduction in tourism demand. Moreover, the effect of the number of domestic cases on international tourism is found lower than the effect caused by global COVID-19 mortality for the economies with SARS experiences. In contrast, tourist arrivals are majorly affected by the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Thailand and New Zealand. Finally, travel restriction in all cases is found to be the most influencing factor for the number of tourist arrivals. Besides contributing to the existing literature focusing on the knowledge regarding the nexus between tourism and COVID-19, the paper’s findings also highlight the importance of risk perception and the need of transmission prevention and control of the epidemic for the tourism sector.

scholarly journals Bullying Behaviour in Schools: Towards Better Understandings and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark Cleary
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
School Community ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Effective School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study of school bullying provides an overview of the development of international anti-bullying initiatives, an in-depth analysis of the state of antibullying approaches in New Zealand and a description of the impact of such approaches on the behaviour in one secondary school community. Its findings endorse the use of effective, school-based, anti-bullying interventions, in particular, those developed in Scandinavia and Britain during the last twenty years. The efforts to combat bullying in New Zealand are reviewed. While some New Zealand programmes are found to be effective, the anti-bullying initiatives of the Ministry of Education and the Education Review Office are found wanting, as is their failure to respond effectively to the growing public concern over bullying. A number of anti-bullying interventions undertaken within one school community are evaluated. While generally found to reduce bullying, the limitations of these interventions became evident when one class group was viewed in greater depth in a study which discovered an entrenched bullying ‘culture’ and provided insights into the bullying dynamic. The communication difficulties experienced when a small number of powerful individuals capture the dynamics of power and abuse, and in effect establish the relationship style for the whole group, are then highlighted. As a result of the understandings gained through this classroom-based study, a number of conclusions are developed about the importance of the role played by leaders, both teacher and pupil.</p>

scholarly journals Arribazones de Sargassum en la costa norte occidental de Cuba

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
G. Arencibia-Carballo ◽  
J.M. Irañeta Batallán ◽  
J. Morell ◽  
A.R. Moreira González
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

The pelagic macroalgae finches of the Sargassum genus in the Caribbean Sea currently represent a very natural problem due to their negative impact on the tourism industry, fishing industry, the environment and society in general. This work presents an above report of Sargassum that occurred on the north western coast of the Cuban archipelago in March 2019. The macroalgae species identified in the tidal zone were Sargassum fluitans and S. natans, and the specific geographic area where the impact of the upheaval occurred was from the west of Matan-zas bay to Mariel bay. The finches of these macroalgae were cataloged with a moderate magnitude compared to other reports in the Mexican Caribbean and in the Dominican Republic. This order of magnitude was cataloged based on its covered area of 169.3 km and its distribution along the coast in large patches, but very fragmented, despite the prevailing winds from the first quadrant (from north to east) during this period. Other events of this type reported in Cuba and the Caribbean region are taken up and discussed. Keywords: Caribbean Sea, Sargassum fluitans, Sargassum natans, Cuba.

scholarly journals Bullying Behaviour in Schools: Towards Better Understandings and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mark Cleary
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
School Community ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Effective School ◽  
School Based ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Bullying Interventions ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study of school bullying provides an overview of the development of international anti-bullying initiatives, an in-depth analysis of the state of antibullying approaches in New Zealand and a description of the impact of such approaches on the behaviour in one secondary school community. Its findings endorse the use of effective, school-based, anti-bullying interventions, in particular, those developed in Scandinavia and Britain during the last twenty years. The efforts to combat bullying in New Zealand are reviewed. While some New Zealand programmes are found to be effective, the anti-bullying initiatives of the Ministry of Education and the Education Review Office are found wanting, as is their failure to respond effectively to the growing public concern over bullying. A number of anti-bullying interventions undertaken within one school community are evaluated. While generally found to reduce bullying, the limitations of these interventions became evident when one class group was viewed in greater depth in a study which discovered an entrenched bullying ‘culture’ and provided insights into the bullying dynamic. The communication difficulties experienced when a small number of powerful individuals capture the dynamics of power and abuse, and in effect establish the relationship style for the whole group, are then highlighted. As a result of the understandings gained through this classroom-based study, a number of conclusions are developed about the importance of the role played by leaders, both teacher and pupil.</p>

scholarly journals Implementation of Indigenous Peoples Traditions based on Tourism Development in Kampung Naga

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fakhri Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

<em>Tasikmalaya Regency is one of the areas in West Java Province which has a type of cultural tourism as its attraction. The type of potential cultural tourism in this regency is located in the Traditional Dragon Village Area, precisely in Neglasari Village, Salawu District. Kampung Naga is an area where the people still hold the beliefs or customs of their ancestors. The large number of tourists visiting Kampung Naga will have a positive or negative impact on this tradition. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of tourism development on the life of the indigenous people of Kampung Naga, especially in implementing its traditions. The presence of tourists can affect the traditional life and culture of the local community, therefore it is necessary to have research on changes in the implementation of traditions (customs and customs) after the presence of tourists in the Kampung Naga area. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative data analysis using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. Based on this analysis, there are several changes in the implementation of the tradition as an impact felt by the local community after the development of tourism. The results of this identification are expected to be considered in tourism planning and development related to tourism policies and the ecosystem therein. Because by implementing a good and appropriate policy, the potential of the existing tourism area can run optimally by minimizing the negative impact on humans.</em>

The Impact of Spatial Segregation on the Employment Outcomes Amongst Bangladeshi Men and Women in England and Wales

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Khattab ◽  
Ron Johnston ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Tariq Modood
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
Ethnic Businesses ◽  
The Impact

Studies of ethnic residential segregation and its impacts on labour market performance have reported both negative and positive outcomes for different groups in different geographies. We revisit the issue with a particular focus on the Bangladeshi minority in England and Wales using both quantitative and qualitative data to explore the impact of living in segregated areas upon their labour market outcomes. We analyse the 2001 UK Census Controlled Access Microdata Sample (CAMS) and a subset (34 Bangladeshis) of qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with 73 men and women from Indian, Bangladeshi and Black Caribbean backgrounds in 2005. Our quantitative analysis does show a clear negative impact of living in segregated areas (i.e. Bangladeshi ethnic enclaves) on unemployment, economic inactivity and on the occupational returns on education. Qualitative material suggests that cultural and practical reasons very often lead Bangladeshis, including highly qualified persons, to live in enclaves or nearby. Also, ethnic businesses in enclaves appear to offer jobs to many Bangladeshi men and women, but these jobs are normally low-paid that does not require high qualifications increasing the risk of lower occupational returns further.

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