scholarly journals A Conversation Analytic Study of Laughter in Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lani Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Talking Cure ◽  
Therapy Sessions

<p>This thesis is an investigation into laughter in psychotherapeutic interactions. Conversation analysis was the method used to analyse laughter practices by client and therapist that aid in the business of psychotherapy. Analysing naturally occurring talk is important as it reveals how actions are accomplished, as some past studies on laughter in psychotherapy rely on anecdotal evidence and categorical analysis. Additionally, past psychological literature on laughter can view the phenomenon of laughter as random, and as a by-product of humour. An assumption of conversation analysis is the view of talk being systematic and organised. There is no detail too small that it does not contribute to an interaction (Jefferson, 1985). With this viewpoint in mind conversation analysts have revealed laughter to be an orderly phenomenon that is capable of other actions in talk besides appreciating humour. However, there is a lack of conversation analytical work in laughter during therapy; a gap this thesis sought to address. In particular there were two research questions. If laughter does not have the sole role of appreciating humour, what can it do in psychotherapy? Additionally, past studies in psychotherapy have linked laughter to affiliation in therapy sessions, but do not illustrate the specific sequence of how rapport is achieved in the interaction itself. Psychotherapy can be known as the „talking cure‟ (Perakyla, Antaki, Vehvilainen, & Leudar, 2008), thus, the second question is how does laughter display affiliation in therapeutic talk? Using the fundamental literature of conversation analysis there were two findings regarding laughter in psychotherapy found in this thesis. Firstly, clients would laugh responsively to an action of therapeutic import, the laughter functioned as a marker of dis-preference and an invitation for the therapist to laugh. The therapist would dis-attend the client‟s laughter in order to prompt talk which progressed the therapy from the client. Secondly, therapist could affiliate with the client by display a shared stance towards a matter spoken of by the client. During or after these displays the therapist invited laughter from the client so that the two could laugh together in a further display of shared emotional alignment. These results expanded conversation analytical work on laughter regarding laughter invitations (Jefferson, 1979) and work on psychotherapeutic interactions regarding the prompting of talk (Muntigl, & Hadic Zabala, 2008). The findings also provide empirical evidence for how therapists affiliate with their clients using laughter at the micro-analytical level. The findings of this thesis contribute to psychological, conversation analytical, and psychotherapeutic knowledge on laughter.</p>

scholarly journals A Conversation Analytic Study of Laughter in Psychotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lani Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Categorical Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Talking Cure ◽  
Therapy Sessions

<p>This thesis is an investigation into laughter in psychotherapeutic interactions. Conversation analysis was the method used to analyse laughter practices by client and therapist that aid in the business of psychotherapy. Analysing naturally occurring talk is important as it reveals how actions are accomplished, as some past studies on laughter in psychotherapy rely on anecdotal evidence and categorical analysis. Additionally, past psychological literature on laughter can view the phenomenon of laughter as random, and as a by-product of humour. An assumption of conversation analysis is the view of talk being systematic and organised. There is no detail too small that it does not contribute to an interaction (Jefferson, 1985). With this viewpoint in mind conversation analysts have revealed laughter to be an orderly phenomenon that is capable of other actions in talk besides appreciating humour. However, there is a lack of conversation analytical work in laughter during therapy; a gap this thesis sought to address. In particular there were two research questions. If laughter does not have the sole role of appreciating humour, what can it do in psychotherapy? Additionally, past studies in psychotherapy have linked laughter to affiliation in therapy sessions, but do not illustrate the specific sequence of how rapport is achieved in the interaction itself. Psychotherapy can be known as the „talking cure‟ (Perakyla, Antaki, Vehvilainen, & Leudar, 2008), thus, the second question is how does laughter display affiliation in therapeutic talk? Using the fundamental literature of conversation analysis there were two findings regarding laughter in psychotherapy found in this thesis. Firstly, clients would laugh responsively to an action of therapeutic import, the laughter functioned as a marker of dis-preference and an invitation for the therapist to laugh. The therapist would dis-attend the client‟s laughter in order to prompt talk which progressed the therapy from the client. Secondly, therapist could affiliate with the client by display a shared stance towards a matter spoken of by the client. During or after these displays the therapist invited laughter from the client so that the two could laugh together in a further display of shared emotional alignment. These results expanded conversation analytical work on laughter regarding laughter invitations (Jefferson, 1979) and work on psychotherapeutic interactions regarding the prompting of talk (Muntigl, & Hadic Zabala, 2008). The findings also provide empirical evidence for how therapists affiliate with their clients using laughter at the micro-analytical level. The findings of this thesis contribute to psychological, conversation analytical, and psychotherapeutic knowledge on laughter.</p>

Restrictiveness, exclusivity, adversativity, and mirativity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Wang ◽  
Mei-Chi Tsai ◽  
Wayne Schams ◽  
Chi-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
English Only ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking

Mandarin Chinese zhishi (similar to English ‘only’), comprised of the adverb zhi and the copula shi, can act as an adverb (ADV) or a discourse marker (DM). This study analyzes the role of zhishi in spoken discourse, based on the methodological and theoretical principles of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The corpus used in this study consists of three sets of data: 1) naturally-occurring daily conversations; 2) radio/TV interviews; and 3) TV panel discussions on current political affairs. As a whole, this study reveals that the notions of restrictiveness, exclusivity, and adversativity are closely associated with ADV zhishi and DM zhishi. In addition, the present data show that since zhishi is often used to express a ‘less than expected’ feeling, it can be used to indicate mirativity (i.e. language indicating that an utterance conveys the speaker’s surprise). The data also show that the distribution of zhishi as an adverb or discourse marker depends on turn taking systems and speech situations in spoken discourse. Specifically, the ADV zhishi tends to occur in radio/TV interviews and TV panel news discussions, while the DM zhishi occurs more often in casual conversations.

scholarly journals Laughing with and at Patients : The Roles of Laughter in Confrontations in Addiction Group Therapy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Arminen ◽  
Mia Halonen
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Flexible Device ◽  
The Troubles ◽  
Treatment Clinic ◽  
Therapy Sessions

In Minnesota treatment, the therapists aim at breaking clients' denial to encourage them to accept their addiction. However, the confrontation is risky since, instead of making the patient ready for a change, it may strengthen resistance against the diagnosis of addiction and the treatment recommendations. We will explore the role of laughter in confrontational practices. The study is based on conversation analysis of group therapy sessions in an inpatient addiction treatment clinic in Finland (7.5 hours of data altogether). The laughter prevails in three different kinds of practice: laughing off the troubles, strengthening the confrontation by laughing at the patient, and ameliorating the confrontation. Laughter is a flexible device for preventing or resolving the possible risks of confrontation.

Adverbials for turn projection in Japanese: Toward a demystification of the “telepathic” mode of communication

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROKO TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Interactional Context

This article employs conversation analysis to investigate the role of adverbials in Japanese talk-in-interaction for the projection of further talk and some implications this has for interactional styles. Through examination of naturally occurring talk, it is first observed that a typical usage of adverbials is in some position preceding the predicate, although they are also appended as post-predicate additions. Second, when adverbials are produced prior to a predicate, evidently they can strongly project a forthcoming predicate within the particular interactional context. Given the importance of predicates within Japanese turns, adverbials have a major part to play, not only in assisting participants to foreshadow a probable unfolding of an utterance, but also to enable recipients to achieve early alignment with emerging talk and to expedite the implementation of subsequent actions. These features are shown to be a powerful resource in the facilitation of seemingly implicit styles of communication.

scholarly journals The Role of Standards in the Development and Delivery of Sustainable Products: A Research Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10461
Author(s):  
Pavel Castka
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Interorganizational Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Sustainable Products ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Strategic Perspective

The progress towards sustainable development could be accelerated by the adoption of progressive technologies and the development of new “green” products. The anecdotal evidence suggests that the acceptance of these products is, in part, affected by the development and acceptance of new standards as well as by the management of standardization in firms. Yet, there is a lack of a clearly focused research agenda that would systematically address the management of standardization in firms–particularly from a sustainability perspective. This paper addresses this gap and develops a research framework that is organized in three areas—intrafirm capabilities (the role of standards in the development of firms’ capabilities in—and through—standardization-related activities), interorganizational relationships (the role of standards in the development of interorganizational relationships) and accountability (the role of standards for accountability in firms and supply chains). Each area provides a set of representative research questions for future research. The paper also aims to encourage scholars in the field to address standardization from a strategic perspective, to develop an understanding about the complex nature of the management of standardization and trace its economic and sustainability consequences.

scholarly journals LEARNING TO SAY GRACE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Greer
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Host Family ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Dinner Table ◽  
The Family

Based on a detailed analysis of four naturally occurring dinner-table conversations video-recorded over a period of three weeks, this study uses longitudinal Conversation Analysis to track an outsider's growing involvement in the family ritual of praying before each meal. Through a detailed turn-by-turn account, the analysis demonstrates how the visitor moves from peripheral observation to more active participation, suggesting that his involvement in learning to say grace was one way he adapted his interactional and cultural practices to align with those of the host family. The analysis also considers the role of other family members in inviting participation and reprimanding non-normative behaviour.

scholarly journals ‘Gossiping’ as a social action in family therapy: The pseudo-absence and pseudo-presence of children

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Parker ◽  
Michelle O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Family Therapists ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Therapy Sessions

Family therapists face a number of challenges in their work. When children are present in family therapy they can and do make fleeting contributions. We draw upon naturally occurring family therapy sessions to explore the ‘pseudo-presence’ and ‘pseudo-absence’ of children and the institutional ‘gossiping’ quality these interactions have. Our findings illustrate that a core characteristic of gossiping is its functional role in building alignments’ which in this institutional context is utilized as a way of managing accountability. Our findings have a number of implications for clinical professionals and highlight the value of discourse and conversation analysis techniques for exploring therapeutic interactions.

Interactions of cultural identity and turn-taking organisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Hui ◽  
Yanying Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
Identity Group ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking

Conversation Analysis (CA) has been used to reveal cultural groups with which an individual identifies him- or herself as interactants are found to practice identity group categories in discourse. In this study, a CA approach — the organisation of turn-taking in particular — was adopted to explore how a senior Chinese immigrant in Australia perceived her own identity through naturally occurring conversations with two local secondary school students, one being a non-Chinese-background English monolingual and the other a Chinese-background Cantonese-English bilingual. How the senior initiated and allocated her turns in four conversations is taken to reflect the way in which she perceived herself and her relationship with her interlocutor(s). The findings suggest that the senior’s cultural identity is not static but emerging and constructed in the conversations with her interlocutors over interactive activities. As such, this study contributes to our understanding of the nature of identity and the role of conversational interaction in negotiating cultural identities.

Fine structure and properties of defects in naturally occurring silicates and oxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
David R. Veblen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Extended Defects ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Image Simulations ◽  
Similar Crystal Structure

Extended defects and interfaces control many processes in rock-forming minerals, from chemical reactions to rock deformation. In many cases, it is not the average structure of a defect or interface that is most important, but rather the structure of defect terminations or offsets in an interface. One of the major thrusts of high-resolution electron microscopy in the earth sciences has been to identify the role of defect fine structures in reactions and to determine the structures of such features. This paper will review studies using HREM and image simulations to determine the structures of defects in silicate and oxide minerals and present several examples of the role of defects in mineral chemical reactions. In some cases, the geological occurrence can be used to constrain the diffusional properties of defects.The simplest reactions in minerals involve exsolution (precipitation) of one mineral from another with a similar crystal structure, and pyroxenes (single-chain silicates) provide a good example. Although conventional TEM studies have led to a basic understanding of this sort of phase separation in pyroxenes via spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth, HREM has provided a much more detailed appreciation of the processes involved.

Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective

10.28945/3248 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecille Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Research Questions

Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

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