scholarly journals Development of an Open PXIe System based on FPGA Modules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Ang

<p>PXIe is a instrumentation platform that is used as the basis for developing test equipment, modular electronic instruments and automated test systems. A typical PXIe platform comprises of modules that are housed in a 3U Eurocard form factor chassis. The platform utilise the PCIe bus standard to enable high-speed data transfer, suitable for a range of applications. However, the platform is inherently complex, contains proprietary IP and is prohibitively expensive for most researchers and engineers who wish to utilise a modular instrumentation system. To overcome these barriers, the beginnings of an open PXIe platform has been developed. This consists of two open PXIe modules utilising modular FPGA technology. The first module is the System Controller, which introduces an embedded Linux solution and open-source PCIe driver to the platform. To simplify software development, user applications can utilise the drivers API without using kernel-level code. On the System Controller FPGA fabric is a root-port implementation that allows communication with peripheral modules. The second modules is a general purpose Peripheral Module that provides various I/O standards that users can utilise in their FPGA design, and a dedicated PCIe generation 2 x4 link with the System Controller. In the FPGA fabric of the Peripheral Module is a PCIe-DMA engine that facilitates data transfer between the two modules. The open nature and modular design will allow more economical and more flexible solutions, which will be appealing to a wide range of potential users. In addition, an example user application is developed for this system to show case the overall functionality the modules, with transfer speeds of 100 MB/s.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrew Ang

<p>PXIe is a instrumentation platform that is used as the basis for developing test equipment, modular electronic instruments and automated test systems. A typical PXIe platform comprises of modules that are housed in a 3U Eurocard form factor chassis. The platform utilise the PCIe bus standard to enable high-speed data transfer, suitable for a range of applications. However, the platform is inherently complex, contains proprietary IP and is prohibitively expensive for most researchers and engineers who wish to utilise a modular instrumentation system. To overcome these barriers, the beginnings of an open PXIe platform has been developed. This consists of two open PXIe modules utilising modular FPGA technology. The first module is the System Controller, which introduces an embedded Linux solution and open-source PCIe driver to the platform. To simplify software development, user applications can utilise the drivers API without using kernel-level code. On the System Controller FPGA fabric is a root-port implementation that allows communication with peripheral modules. The second modules is a general purpose Peripheral Module that provides various I/O standards that users can utilise in their FPGA design, and a dedicated PCIe generation 2 x4 link with the System Controller. In the FPGA fabric of the Peripheral Module is a PCIe-DMA engine that facilitates data transfer between the two modules. The open nature and modular design will allow more economical and more flexible solutions, which will be appealing to a wide range of potential users. In addition, an example user application is developed for this system to show case the overall functionality the modules, with transfer speeds of 100 MB/s.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicong Wang ◽  
Chen Wei ◽  
Yuanhua Feng ◽  
Hongkun Cao ◽  
Wenzhe Li ◽  
...  

AbstractAlthough photonics presents the fastest and most energy-efficient method of data transfer, magnetism still offers the cheapest and most natural way to store data. The ultrafast and energy-efficient optical control of magnetism is presently a missing technological link that prevents us from reaching the next evolution in information processing. The discovery of all-optical magnetization reversal in GdFeCo with the help of 100 fs laser pulses has further aroused intense interest in this compelling problem. Although the applicability of this approach to high-speed data processing depends vitally on the maximum repetition rate of the switching, the latter remains virtually unknown. Here we experimentally unveil the ultimate frequency of repetitive all-optical magnetization reversal through time-resolved studies of the dual-shot magnetization dynamics in Gd27Fe63.87Co9.13. Varying the intensities of the shots and the shot-to-shot separation, we reveal the conditions for ultrafast writing and the fastest possible restoration of magnetic bits. It is shown that although magnetic writing launched by the first shot is completed after 100 ps, a reliable rewriting of the bit by the second shot requires separating the shots by at least 300 ps. Using two shots partially overlapping in space and minimally separated by 300 ps, we demonstrate an approach for GHz magnetic writing that can be scaled down to sizes below the diffraction limit.


2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marquez ◽  
E. Altman ◽  
S. Sole-Alvarez

2007 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Houbertz ◽  
Herbert Wolter ◽  
Volker Schmidt ◽  
Ladislav Kuna ◽  
Valentin Satzinger ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThe integration of optical interconnects in printed circuit boards (PCB) is a rapidly growing field worldwide due to a continuously increasing need for high-speed data transfer. There are any concepts discussed, among which are the integration of optical fibers or the generation of waveguides by UV lithography, embossing, or direct laser writing. The devices presented so far require many different materials and process steps, but particularly also highly-sophisticated assembly steps in order to couple the optoelectronic elements to the generated waveguides. In order to overcome these restrictions, an innovative approach is presented which allows the embedding of optoelectronic components and the generation of optical waveguides in only one optical material. This material is an inorganic-organic hybrid polymer, in which the waveguides are processed by two-photon absorption (TPA) processes, initiated by ultra-short laser pulses. In particular, due to this integration and the possibility ofin situpositioning the optical waveguides with respect to the optoelectronic components by the TPA process, no complex packaging or assembly is necessary. Thus, the number of necessary processing steps is significantly reduced, which also contributes to the saving of resources such as energy or solvents. The material properties and the underlying processes will be discussed with respect to optical data transfer in PCBs.


2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1543-1546
Author(s):  
Xiao Bo Zhou ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Hai Long Cheng

To improve data transmission performance of the data acquisition card, a design of high-speed data transmission system is proposed in the thesis. Using FPGA of programmable logic devices, adopting Verilog HDL of hardware description language, the design of modularization and DMA transmission method is implemented in FPGA. Eventually the design implements the data transmission with high-speed through PCI Express interface. Through simulation and verification based on hardware system, this design is proved to be feasible and can satisfy the performance requirements of data transmission in the high-speed data acquisition card applied in high-speed railway communication. The design also has some value of application and reference for a universal data acquisition card.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Deqing Zou ◽  
Laurence Tianruo Yang ◽  
Hai Jin

The rapid development of the Internet of Things has led to demand for high-speed data transformation. Serving this purpose is the Tactile Internet, which facilitates data transfer in extra-low latency. In particular, a Tactile Internet based on software-defined networking (SDN) has been broadly deployed because of the proven benefits of SDN in flexible and programmable network management. However, the vulnerabilities of SDN also threaten the security of the Tactile Internet. Specifically, an SDN controller relies on the network status (provided by the underlying switches) to make network decisions, e.g., calculating a routing path to deliver data in the Tactile Internet. Hence, the attackers can compromise the switches to jeopardize the SDN and further attack Tactile Internet systems. For example, an attacker can compromise switches to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks to overwhelm the SDN controller, which will disrupt all the applications in the Tactile Internet. In pursuit of a more secure Tactile Internet, the problem of abnormal SDN switches in the Tactile Internet is analyzed in this article, including the cause of abnormal switches and their influences on different network layers. Then we propose an approach that leverages the messages sent by all switches to identify abnormal switches, which adopts a linear structure to store historical messages at a relatively low cost. By mapping each flow message to the flow establishment model, our method can effectively identify malicious SDN switches in the Tactile Internet and thus enhance its security.


Author(s):  
Ivan Mozghovyi ◽  
Anatoliy Sergiyenko ◽  
Roman Yershov

Increasing requirements for data transfer and storage is one of the crucial questions now. There are several ways of high-speed data transmission, but they meet limited requirements applied to their narrowly focused specific target. The data compression approach gives the solution to the problems of high-speed transfer and low-volume data storage. This paper is devoted to the compression of GIF images, using a modified LZW algorithm with a tree-based dictionary. It has led to a decrease in lookup time and an increase in the speed of data compression, and in turn, allows developing the method of constructing a hardware compression accelerator during the future research.


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