scholarly journals The Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Determining the Women Bargaining Power in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Amjad ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Masood Anwar ◽  
Abdul Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Bargaining Process ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Purpose:In recent times, women’s status has been upgraded through an increase in socio-economic factors, which had implications in determining their bargaining power. The bargaining process produces household decisions which usually consist of unequal bargaining power. This study investigating the socio-economic factors through which female education and income change their bargaining power at the household. Design/Methodology/Approach:For this purpose, a primary survey through a questionnaire has administered in different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. We have collected the data 200 working married women OLS ordinary least square model has been applied to estimate our results. Findings:The result of the study shows that the socio-economic factors has significant and positive role in determining the women bargaining power within and outside the household. Higher income and education not only enhance their bargaining power in decision-making within and outside the household but also increase the status of women in society. Implications/Originality/Value:Oursociety needs to change their prospective towards women by removing these obstacles and giving them freedom of voice and choice, so they can lead their life according to their will. Changing such social norms through education will create better position for women in the household as well in society.

Social Entrepreneurship and Microfinance in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Haileslasie TADELE
Keyword(s):  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This research examines the determinants of entrepreneurial orientation of individuals and investigates the role of microfinance in improving social entrepreneurship. The study uses survey data on a sample of 200 respondents from Kenya. The paper investigates the determinants of entrepreneurial orientation using socio-economic factors and microfinance borrowing as independent variables and entrepreneurial orientation as dependent variable. This model is estimated using an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model. The paper finds that higher educational level, greater access to credit, access to business skill trainings and microfinance borrowings tend to improve entrepreneurial orientation of individuals. The findings also indicate that microfinance borrowers tend to have higher risk taking and pro-active behavior indicating a higher entrepreneurial orientation than non-borrowers. The study thus confirms the role of microfinance in improving entrepreneurial orientation of borrowers and emphasizes the socio-economic factors that significantly affect entrepreneurial orientation of individuals. The findings have implications for further research on the growth constraints that impact microfinance institutions in promoting social entrepreneurship.  

Religious Leaders and Family Planning in Iran

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heshmat Sadat Moinifar
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractAfter the Islamic Revolution of 1979, family planning programmes were dismantled in Iran; however, in 1989, the government reversed its policies and since then has had one of the most successful programmes in the region. This was conditioned, along with the socio-economic factors, first of all by the positive role of the Islamic jurists in this process. Religious leaders' position on family planning and the circumstances, under which it can be practiced, has had a direct effect on how Iran has achieved the family planning targets. In this article, an attempt is made to explore religious leaders' views toward family planning after 1989. The verdicts or the Fatwas of the Mujtahids in the context of family planning and issues related to it are discussed. After providing a brief review of different approaches on family planning in the Islamic tradition, the author elaborates the material through in-depth interviews with several prominent religious leaders including Mousavi Zanjani, Mousavi Ardabili, Ahmadi Miyanaji, Shobeiri Zanjani, and Ayatollah Sobhani to enrich the argument.

scholarly journals Does National Culture Have Any Impact on E-Government Usage?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Merhi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Truncated Regression ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The motivation of this article was the lack of empirical evidence regarding the relationship between culture and actual usage of ICTs/e-government. By using Hofstede's cultural framework, this article explains the influence of national culture on e-government usage across countries controlled by socio-economic factors, specifically, GDP and literacy rate. Data was collected from reputable organizations such as World Bank databases and Hofstede's website. Ordinary least square and truncated regression are used to test the hypotheses presented in this article. Results indicate that nearly all Hofstede's cultural dimensions and e-government usage are significantly related. In particular, this article indicates that the usage of e-government is higher in nations that score low in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION IN EGG CONSUMPTION IN THE OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
A. B. AYANWALE ◽  
J. O. AJETOMOBI
Keyword(s):  
Demand Function ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Ordinary Least Square Regression ◽  
University Community

This paper exainîned the role of household composition in egg cunsumption in Obafemi Awolowo University Community. An Ordinary Least Square regression model was used to obtain at-home demand function parameter estimates for egg. Positive and signiflcant relationship was found between quantity of eggs consumed and both household size and the age of children. A 1% increase in each of the variables would cause a 4.68% and 5.71 % increase in egg consumption respectively. The need for education of the household on the importance of egg consumption and keeping an optimum family size was suggested based on the findings of the study.

scholarly journals Dilemma of Business Climate and The "Real Climate"

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Faradiba Faradiba
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Village

The role of business in advancing the economy and welfare is highly expected in the community. In the development of a business that occurs, it often sacrifices non-profit aspects, such as the environment. The indirect impact that can arise from business development is climate change. This study uses climate data and the number of industrial enterprises by type at the village level, to determine the effect of business on the climate that occurs. This study uses ordinary least square, to determine the role of each independent variable. The results of this study indicate that an increase in 1,000 of these types of businesses will result in an increase in temperature of 1 oC. Furthermore, an increase in 1,000 types of business will reduce rainfall by 11 to 64 mm. Government and community efforts are needed to maintain climatic conditions for the sustainability of the ecosystem.

Technology and culture

2011 ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev M. Efendioglu ◽  
Vincent F. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Technology And Culture ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The number of Internet users around the world has been steadily growing and this growth has provided the impetus and the opportunities for global and regional e-commerce. However, as with the Internet, different characteristics (infrastructure and socio-economic) of the local environment have created a significant level of variation in the acceptance and growth of e-commerce in different regions of the world. Our research focuses on the impact of these infrastructure and socio-economic factors on e-commerce development in China and the findings provide insights into the role of culture in e-commerce, and the factors that may impact a broader acceptance and development of e-commerce in China. In this chapter, we present and discuss our findings, and propose some strategies for success for e-commerce in China.

Insurance regulations, risk and performance in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-96
Author(s):  
Baah Aye Kusi ◽  
Abdul Latif Alhassan ◽  
Daniel Ofori-Sasu ◽  
Rockson Sai
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

Purpose This study aims to examine the hypothesis that the effect of insurer risks on profitability is conditional on regulation, using two main regulatory directives in the Ghanaian insurance market as a case study. Design/methodology/approach This study used the robust ordinary least square and random effect techniques in a panel data of 30 insurers from 2009 to 2015 to test the research hypothesis. Findings The results suggest that regulations on no credit premium and required capital have insignificant effects on profitability of insurers. On the contrary, this study documents evidence that both policies mitigate the effect of underwriting risk on profitability and suggests that regulations significantly mitigate the negative effect of underwriting risk to improve profitability. Practical implications The finding suggests that policymakers and regulators must continue to initiate, design and model regulations such that they help tame risk to improve the performance of insurers in Ghana. Originality/value This study provides first-time evidence on the role of regulations in controlling risks in a developing insurance market.

scholarly journals The Role of Political Connections on Family Firms’ Performance: Evidence from Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Harymawan ◽  
Mohammad Nasih ◽  
Muhammad Madyan ◽  
Diarany Sucahyati
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Ols Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of firms with family ownership and their performance in Indonesia and further examine on how political connections affect this relationship. This study used 933 samples from 413 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the period between 2014 and 2016. Using ordinary least square (OLS) regression, the results shows that firms without family ownership (non-family firms) have better performance than firms with family ownership (family firms) in Indonesia. Furthermore, the findings also show that the performance of family firms significantly improve when the firms are affiliated with political connections. Our findings imply that establishing political connections in family firms will increase the performance of the firms.

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