EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY AND INFORMATIVITY OF MRI STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Dilshod Kholmurodov ◽  
◽  
Aziza Djurabekova ◽  
Shoira Isanova ◽  
Saodat Igamova
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Mri Studies

Migraine is currently considered a common pathology, which in many cases leads to a decrease in performance. Migraine diagnostics is the most important clinical, biomedical andsocial task. MRI studies are important in the diagnosis of migraine disease. Focal lesions are localized mainly in the white matter, which confirms the clinical nature of the disease. As a drug correction, the drug Sumamigren was proposed, the early intake of which allows avoiding migraine recurrence and transition to chronicity

scholarly journals Review of diffusion MRI studies in chronic white matter diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajikha Raja ◽  
Gary Rosenberg ◽  
Arvind Caprihan
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
White Matter Diseases ◽  
Mri Studies

scholarly journals Synthesis of High-Resolution Research-Quality MRI Data from Clinical MRI Data in Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Cali ◽  
Holly J Freeman ◽  
Benjamin Billot ◽  
Megan E Barra ◽  
David Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Clinical Mri

Pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood, partly because of a lack of high-resolution neuroimaging data. We applied SynthSR, a convolutional neural network that synthesizes high-resolution isotropic research-quality data from thick-slice clinical MRI data, to a cohort of 11 patients with severe COVID-19. SynthSR successfully synthesized T1-weighted MPRAGE data at 1 mm spatial resolution for all 11 patients, each of whom had at least one brain lesion. Correlations between volumetric measures derived from synthesized and acquired MPRAGE data were strong for the cortical grey matter, subcortical grey matter, brainstem, hippocampus, and hemispheric white matter (r=0.84 to 0.96, p≤0.001), but absent for the cerebellar white matter and corpus callosum (r=0.04 to 0.17, p>0.61). SynthSR creates an opportunity to quantitatively study clinical MRI scans and elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in patients with COVID-19, including those with focal lesions.

Myelin in SIDS: Assessment of Development and Damage using MRI

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Phillipa Lamont ◽  
Toos Sachinwalla ◽  
Roger Pamphlett
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
White Matter Development ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Inversion

Objective. Abnormalities of myelin that have been reported in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) include a delay in development and focal lesions presumed to be secondary to hypoxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives excellent images of white matter and can be used to map the progress of myelination and to demonstrate focal lesions. It was the aim of this study to determine whether any MRI abnormality of myelin could be detected in the brains of SIDS compared to control infants. Methods. The brains of 28 SIDS and 14 control infants were fixed in formalin and scanned with MRI. The proton density, T2-weighted, and inversion recovery scans were assessed for the presence of focal white matter lesions. The amount of myelin in 26 sites was measured in the proton density scans, using a densitometer. The amount of myelin present could be assessed in 21 of 26 sites. Results. In 15 of 21 sites the amount of myelin for age was the same in SIDS and controls. In three sites the rate of myelination was greater in SIDS than control and in another three sites the amount of myelin for age was greater in SIDS than control infants, but these differences were not seen in infants aged less than 8 months. No focal abnormalities of white matter were seen in either SIDS or control infants. Conclusions. The development of white matter in brains of SIDS infants less than 8 months old is the same as in controls, and in older SIDS infants white matter development may be slightly advanced compared to controls. No hypoxic changes can be seen in SIDS white matter on MRI.

scholarly journals Convection-enhanced delivery of M13 bacteriophage to the brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ksendzovsky ◽  
Stuart Walbridge ◽  
Richard C. Saunders ◽  
Ashok R. Asthagiri ◽  
John D. Heiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Convection Enhanced Delivery ◽  
M13 Bacteriophage ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Frontal White Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain

Object Recent studies indicate that M13 bacteriophage, a very large nanoparticle, binds to β-amyloid and α-synuclein proteins, leading to plaque disaggregation in models of Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. To determine the feasibility, safety, and characteristics of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of M13 bacteriophage to the brain, the authors perfused primate brains with bacteriophage. Methods Four nonhuman primates underwent CED of M13 bacteriophage (900 nm) to thalamic gray matter (4 infusions) and frontal white matter (3 infusions). Bacteriophage was coinfused with Gd-DTPA (1 mM), and serial MRI studies were performed during infusion. Animals were monitored for neurological deficits and were killed 3 days after infusion. Tissues were analyzed for bacteriophage distribution. Results Real-time T1-weighted MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA during infusion demonstrated a discrete region of perfusion in both thalamic gray and frontal white matter. An MRI-volumetric analysis revealed that the mean volume of distribution (Vd) to volume of infusion (Vi) ratio of M13 bacteriophage was 2.3 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 1.9 ± 0.3 in white matter. The mean values are expressed ± SD. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated mean Vd:Vi ratios of 2.9 ± 0.2 in gray matter and 2.1 ± 0.3 in white matter. The Gd-DTPA accurately tracked M13 bacteriophage distribution (the mean difference between imaging and actual bacteriophage Vd was insignificant [p > 0.05], and was –2.2% ± 9.9% in thalamic gray matter and 9.1% ± 9.5% in frontal white matter). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed evidence of additional spread from the initial delivery site in white matter (mean Vd:Vi, 16.1 ± 9.1). All animals remained neurologically intact after infusion during the observation period, and histological studies revealed no evidence of toxicity. Conclusions The CED method can be used successfully and safely to distribute M13 bacteriophage in the brain. Furthermore, additional white matter spread after infusion cessation enhances distribution of this large nanoparticle. Real-time MRI studies of coinfused Gd-DTPA (1 mM) can be used for accurate tracking of distribution during infusion of M13 bacteriophage.

scholarly journals Detecting axonal injury in individual patients after traumatic brain injury

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E Jolly ◽  
Maria Bălăeţ ◽  
Adriana Azor ◽  
Daniel Friedland ◽  
Stefano Sandrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Axonal Injury ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common yet remain difficult to predict. Diffuse axonal injury is important for outcomes, but its assessment remains limited in the clinical setting. Currently, axonal injury is diagnosed based on clinical presentation, visible damage to the white matter or via surrogate markers of axonal injury such as microbleeds. These do not accurately quantify axonal injury leading to misdiagnosis in a proportion of patients. Diffusion tensor imaging provides a quantitative measure of axonal injury in vivo, with fractional anisotropy often used as a proxy for white matter damage. Diffusion imaging has been widely used in TBI but is not routinely applied clinically. This is in part because robust analysis methods to diagnose axonal injury at the individual level have not yet been developed. Here, we present a pipeline for diffusion imaging analysis designed to accurately assess the presence of axonal injury in large white matter tracts in individuals. Average fractional anisotropy is calculated from tracts selected on the basis of high test-retest reliability, good anatomical coverage and their association to cognitive and clinical impairments after TBI. We test our pipeline for common methodological issues such as the impact of varying control sample sizes, focal lesions and age-related changes to demonstrate high specificity, sensitivity and test-retest reliability. We assess 92 patients with moderate-severe TBI in the chronic phase (≥6 months post-injury), 25 patients in the subacute phase (10 days to 6 weeks post-injury) with 6-month follow-up and a large control cohort (n = 103). Evidence of axonal injury is identified in 52% of chronic and 28% of subacute patients. Those classified with axonal injury had significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes than those without, a difference not seen for focal lesions or microbleeds. Almost a third of patients with unremarkable standard MRIs had evidence of axonal injury, whilst 40% of patients with visible microbleeds had no diffusion evidence of axonal injury. More diffusion abnormality was seen with greater time since injury, across individuals at various chronic injury times and within individuals between subacute and 6-month scans. We provide evidence that this pipeline can be used to diagnose axonal injury in individual patients at subacute and chronic time points, and that diffusion MRI provides a sensitive and complementary measure when compared to susceptibility weighted imaging, which measures diffuse vascular injury. Guidelines for the implementation of this pipeline in a clinical setting are discussed.

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