scholarly journals Synthesis of High-Resolution Research-Quality MRI Data from Clinical MRI Data in Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Cali ◽  
Holly J Freeman ◽  
Benjamin Billot ◽  
Megan E Barra ◽  
David Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Clinical Mri

Pathophysiological mechanisms of neurological disorders in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood, partly because of a lack of high-resolution neuroimaging data. We applied SynthSR, a convolutional neural network that synthesizes high-resolution isotropic research-quality data from thick-slice clinical MRI data, to a cohort of 11 patients with severe COVID-19. SynthSR successfully synthesized T1-weighted MPRAGE data at 1 mm spatial resolution for all 11 patients, each of whom had at least one brain lesion. Correlations between volumetric measures derived from synthesized and acquired MPRAGE data were strong for the cortical grey matter, subcortical grey matter, brainstem, hippocampus, and hemispheric white matter (r=0.84 to 0.96, p≤0.001), but absent for the cerebellar white matter and corpus callosum (r=0.04 to 0.17, p>0.61). SynthSR creates an opportunity to quantitatively study clinical MRI scans and elucidate the pathophysiology of neurological disorders in patients with COVID-19, including those with focal lesions.

Abstract W P158: Permeability as a Biomarker of Cavernous Malformations

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghani Mikati ◽  
Luying Li ◽  
Robert Shenkar ◽  
Lingjao Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Familial Cases ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Vascular hyperpermeability in lesions and nonlesional brain is a cardinal feature of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) pathogenesis. Thus we implemented a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique in order to quantitate vascular permeability in CCMs and non-CCM brain tissue in humans. We hypothesize that permeability of lesions and background brain will differ between familial and sporadic patients and measurements will be consistent between observers and over time. Method: We used a T 1 -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion (DCEQP) protocol in 30 patients (13 sporadic, 12 familial, and 5 non-CCM cases) in conjunction with routine MRI scans. Regions of interest (ROIs) for permeability measurement included the entire lesion and areas of 12.9 mm 2 (16 pixels) of grey and white matter near and far from the lesion. Measurements were repeated by two observers and at two time points on a subset of patients. Results: For each ROI category except white matter near lesions, the mean permeability was higher in the familial than in the sporadic patients with p-values of 0.04, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.007 for CCM lesions, grey matter near, grey matter far (GMF), and white matter far (WMF) from lesions respectively. No difference was seen between sporadic and non-CCM cases, however familial WMF had higher permeability than both those groups (p0.05) except GMF with p=0.04. The intrapatient coefficients of variation between measurements were 0.74 and 0.63 and interpatient coefficients of variation were 1.36 and 1.56 for sporadic and familial cases respectively. Lastly, it was found that 3 of 4 patients with two scans had stable background (WMF) brain permeability over time. Conclusion: Results show the higher lesional and background brain permeability of familial cases, corroborating previous findings in mice. We also demonstrate the feasibility of DCEQP in CCM disease and the potential of permeability as a biomarker of disease activity or response to treatment. It also highlights the need for further investigation into clinical factors that may impact disease activity and permeability measures.

Are there structural brain changes following 10 days of SSRI administration investigated by voxel-based morphometry?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 913-913
Author(s):  
P. Baldinger ◽  
M. Savli ◽  
G.S. Kranz ◽  
A. Höflich ◽  
C. Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

IntroductionThere is evidence that psychiatric diseases are accompanied by structural alterations in the human brain, partly reversible by pharmacological treatments. Several studies including Tost et al. (Nat.Neurosci.2010;13(8):920-2) investigated the effect of psychotropic drugs on neuronal plasticity pointing towards rapid pharmacologically induced brain grey matter variations, apart from already presumed slow structural changes within weeks. Here, we investigated the short-term (days) structural effects of SSRIs.ObjectiveTo identify structural changes of grey and white matter following 10d of oral administration (citalopram/escitalopram vs. placebo) in 18 healthy subjects investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).MethodsStudy design: Randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.Subjects: 18 healthy caucasian subjects (6 female 24.8 ± 2.5 years, 12 males 28.9 ± 6.7 years) MRI: 3 MRI scans/subject (3 Tesla scanner)Treatment: 10d of oral medication intake of either 20 mg citalopram/d, 10 mg escitalopram/d or placebo in alternating order of administrationData analysis: VBM, as implemented in SPM8.Statistical analysis: analysis of variance (ANOVA, FWE corrected), post-hoc pair-wise comparisons.ResultsANOVA (grey matter: F(2,48) = 18.85, p < 0.05; white matter: F(2,48) = 17.79, p < 0.05) did not reveal suprathreshold clusters in grey or white matter.ConclusionThis VBM-study does not support previous short-time (days) MR findings of pharmacologically-induced structural alterations in the brain, considering the lack of significant changes in grey and white matter volumes following 10d of SSRI administration. This divergence may be caused by dissent pharmacological effects of SSRIs compared to other psychotropic drugs.

scholarly journals Deployment and Performance Analyses of High-Resolution Iowa XPOL Radar System during the NASA IFloodS Campaign

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Vijay Mishra ◽  
Witold F. Krajewski ◽  
Radoslaw Goska ◽  
Daniel Ceynar ◽  
Bong-Chul Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
X Band ◽  
Ground Validation ◽  
Calibration Protocol ◽  
Extensive Test ◽  
And Performance

Abstract This article presents the data collected and analyzed using the University of Iowa’s X-band polarimetric (XPOL) radars that were part of the spring 2013 hydrology-oriented Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) field campaign, sponsored by NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ground Validation (GV) program. The four mobile radars have full scanning capabilities that provide quantitative estimation of the rainfall at high temporal and spatial resolutions over experimental watersheds. IFloodS was the first extensive test of the XPOL radars, and the XPOL radars demonstrated their field worthiness during this campaign with 46 days of nearly uninterrupted, remotely monitored, and controlled operations. This paper presents detailed postcampaign analyses of the high-resolution, research-quality data that the XPOL radars collected. The XPOL dual-polarimetric products and rainfall are compared with data from other instruments for selected diverse meteorological events at high spatiotemporal resolutions from unprecedentedly unique and vast data generated during IFloodS operations. The XPOL data exhibit a detailed, complex structure of precipitation viewed at multiple range resolutions (75 and 30 m). The inter-XPOL comparisons within an overlapping scanned domain demonstrate consistency across different XPOL units. The XPOLs employed a series of heterogeneous scans and obtained estimates of the meteorological echoes up to a range oversampling of 7.5 m. A finer-resolution (30 m) algorithm is described to correct the polarimetric estimates for attenuation at the X band and obtain agreement of attenuation-corrected products with disdrometers and NASA S-band polarimetric (NPOL) radar. The paper includes hardware characterization of Iowa XPOL radars conducted prior to the deployment in IFloodS following the GPM calibration protocol.

scholarly journals Lesion Quantification Toolkit: A MATLAB software tool for estimating grey matter damage and white matter disconnections in patients with focal brain lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Griffis ◽  
Nicholas V. Metcalf ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta ◽  
Gordon L. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Structural Impacts

AbstractLesion studies are an important tool for cognitive neuroscientists and neurologists. However, while brain lesion studies have traditionally aimed to localize neurological symptoms to specific anatomical loci, a growing body of evidence indicates that neurological diseases such as stroke are best conceptualized as brain network disorders. While researchers in the fields of neuroscience and neurology are therefore increasingly interested in quantifying the effects of focal brain lesions on the white matter connections that form the brain’s structural connectome, few dedicated tools exist to facilitate this endeavor. Here, we present the Lesion Quantification Toolkit, a publicly available MATLAB software package for quantifying the structural impacts of focal brain lesions. The Lesion Quantification Toolkit uses atlas-based approaches to estimate parcel-level grey matter lesion loads and multiple measures of white matter disconnection severity that include tract-level disconnection measures, voxel-wise disconnection maps, and parcel-wise disconnection matrices. The toolkit also estimates lesion-induced increases in the lengths of the shortest structural paths between parcel pairs, which provide information about changes in higher-order structural network topology. We describe in detail each of the different measures produced by the toolkit, discuss their applications and considerations relevant to their use, and perform example analyses using real behavioral data collected from sub-acute stroke patients. We show that analyses performed using the different measures produced by the toolkit produce results that are highly consistent with results that have been reported in the prior literature, and we demonstrate the consistency of results obtained from analyses conducted using the different disconnection measures produced by the toolkit. We anticipate that the Lesion Quantification Toolkit will empower researchers to address research questions that would be difficult or impossible to address using traditional lesion analyses alone, and ultimately, lead to advances in our understanding of how white matter disconnections contribute to the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences of focal brain lesions.

scholarly journals Acute Nicotinamide Deficiency in the Pig Induced by 6-aminonicotinamide

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 748-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. O'Sullivan ◽  
W. F. Blakemore
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Threshold Dose ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Nicotinamide Deficiency

Pigs given intraperitoneal injections of 6-aminonicotinamide developed a syndrome similar to a natural disease found in Queensland. Focal lesions, involving mainly destruction of glial cells, developed in the intermediate grey matter of the cervical and lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord. There was widespread vacuolation of spinal cord white matter. The glial cell loss was repaired. We suggest that natural acute nicotinamide deficiency can occur if a threshold dose of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide is absorbed over a short period of time.

EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY AND INFORMATIVITY OF MRI STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Dilshod Kholmurodov ◽  
◽  
Aziza Djurabekova ◽  
Shoira Isanova ◽  
Saodat Igamova
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Mri Studies

Migraine is currently considered a common pathology, which in many cases leads to a decrease in performance. Migraine diagnostics is the most important clinical, biomedical andsocial task. MRI studies are important in the diagnosis of migraine disease. Focal lesions are localized mainly in the white matter, which confirms the clinical nature of the disease. As a drug correction, the drug Sumamigren was proposed, the early intake of which allows avoiding migraine recurrence and transition to chronicity

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

High Resolution Measurements of Pollution Wash-Off from an Asphalt Surface

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. Spångberg ◽  
J. Niemczynowicz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Fine Time

The paper describes a measurement project aiming at delivering water quality data with the very fine time resolution necessary to discover deterministic elements of the complex process of pollution wash-off from an urban surface. Measurements of rainfall, runoff, turbidity, pH, conductivity and temperature with 10 sec time resolution were performed on a simple urban catchment, i.e. a single impermeable 270 m2 surface drained by one inlet. The paper presents data collection and some preliminary results.

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