The effect on motor cortical neuronal development of focal lesions to the sub‐cortical white matter in the neonatal rat: a model for periventricular leukomalacia

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Gibson ◽  
Gavin J. Clowry
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Motor Cortical

Expression of ephrinB2 and EphB4 in a neonatal rat model of periventricular white matter damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhu ◽  
Lijuan Qian ◽  
Shiyu Wang ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Li Jiang
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

AbstractPeriventricular white matter damage (PWMD), also termed periventricular leukomalacia, is the predominant neurologic lesion in preterm infants. It appears to relate in part to the development of the vascular supply to the cerebral white matter. We investigated whether, in case of severe hypoxia-ischemia, the vascular system would be subject to severe damage or remodeled.To evaluate microvessel density (MVD) and the use of ephrinB2 and its receptor EphB4 to mark arterioles and venules to establish the correct anatomic assignment of the remodeled vessels in a hypoxia-induced PWMD rat model.Postnatal day 3 rats underwent permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery followed by 6% OCompared with sham rats, MVD, ephrinB2 and EphB4 levels were higher in the brains of hypoxic-ischemic rats. Similar percentages of vessels expressed ephrinB2 and EphB4 in sham rats, but expression of ephrinB2 was greater in brains injured by hypoxia-ischemia.Following hypoxic-ischemic injury to the rat brain, microvessels were remodeled and more arterioles than venules were acquired.

EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY AND INFORMATIVITY OF MRI STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH MIGRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Dilshod Kholmurodov ◽  
◽  
Aziza Djurabekova ◽  
Shoira Isanova ◽  
Saodat Igamova
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Mri Studies

Migraine is currently considered a common pathology, which in many cases leads to a decrease in performance. Migraine diagnostics is the most important clinical, biomedical andsocial task. MRI studies are important in the diagnosis of migraine disease. Focal lesions are localized mainly in the white matter, which confirms the clinical nature of the disease. As a drug correction, the drug Sumamigren was proposed, the early intake of which allows avoiding migraine recurrence and transition to chronicity

scholarly journals Pioglitazone Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Behavioral Impairment, Brain Inflammation, White Matter Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neonatal Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6306
Author(s):  
Jiann-Horng Yeh ◽  
Kuo-Ching Wang ◽  
Asuka Kaizaki ◽  
Jonathan W. Lee ◽  
Han-Chi Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Performance Reduction

Previous studies have demonstrated that pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, inhibits ischemia-induced brain injury. The present study was conducted to examine whether pioglitazone can reduce impairment of behavioral deficits mediated by inflammatory-induced brain white matter injury in neonatal rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg/kg) was administered to Sprague–Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 5 (P5), and i.p. administration of pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) or vehicle was performed 5 min after LPS injection. Sensorimotor behavioral tests were performed 24 h after LPS exposure, and changes in biochemistry of the brain was examined after these tests. The results show that systemic LPS exposure resulted in impaired sensorimotor behavioral performance, reduction of oligodendrocytes and mitochondrial activity, and increases in lipid peroxidation and brain inflammation, as indicated by the increment of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and number of activated microglia in the neonatal rat brain. Pioglitazone treatment significantly improved LPS-induced neurobehavioral and physiological disturbances including the loss of body weight, hypothermia, righting reflex, wire-hanging maneuver, negative geotaxis, and hind-limb suspension in neonatal rats. The neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone against the loss of oligodendrocytes and mitochondrial activity was associated with attenuation of LPS-induced increment of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content, IL-1β levels and number of activated microglia in neonatal rats. Our results show that pioglitazone prevents neurobehavioral disturbances induced by systemic LPS exposure in neonatal rats, and its neuroprotective effects are associated with its impact on microglial activation, IL-1β induction, lipid peroxidation, oligodendrocyte production and mitochondrial activity.

scholarly journals Chloride cotransporter NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide protects against white matter injury in a rodent model of periventricular leukomalacia

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Jantzie ◽  
Melody Y. Hu ◽  
Hyun-Kyung Park ◽  
Michele C. Jackson ◽  
Jenny Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
White Matter Injury

Hemorrhagic Periventricular Leukomalacia: Diagnosis by Real Time Ultrasound and Correlation with Autopsy Findings

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hill ◽  
G. Leland Melson ◽  
H. Brent Clark ◽  
Joseph J. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Periventricular White Matter ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Hemorrhagic Lesion

Hemorrhage into areas of periventricular leukomalacia may occur and range in size from microscopic to massive. Hitherto, the definitive diagnosis has been made only at autopsy. A case is described in which the diagnosis of hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia was made antemortem by real-time ultrasound scanning and confirmed at autopsy. Periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage, a more common hemorrhagic lesion, may extend into periventricular white matter in a location ventral and medial to hemorrhagic periventricular leukomalacia. Real-time ultrasound scanning is a safe and reliable means of defining the topography of these two hemorrhagic lesions and, thereby, of suggesting the correct diagnosis.

Visualization of immature brain lesions: MR patterns of long-term outcomes. Case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Anikin ◽  
Milana A. Basargina ◽  
Eugeniya V. Uvakina
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Immature Brain ◽  
The Brain

The periventricular and deep white matter of the immature brain of premature infants has an increased vulnerability to various, primarily ischemic injuries. The leading mechanism of selective vulnerability of the white matter of the large hemispheres in children with a low gestation period is the lack of formation of adjacent blood circulation zones between the main arteries of the developing brain. Magnetic resonance imaging has a high sensitivity to detect damage to the brain substance, both in the acute period and in the period of long-term outcomes. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is one of the variants of brain damage in premature infants and the most common term in the conclusions of diagnostic doctors (ultrasound, CT, MRI). Considering the pathomorphological criteria, not always detected changes in the white matter of the large hemispheres are PVL. Diffuse (telencephalic) gliosis and diffuse leukomalacia are ordinary and typical variants of damage to the white matter of the large hemispheres in extremely premature infants, with a gestation period of up to 30-32 weeks. In the first variant, atrophic changes predominate with a pronounced decrease in the volume of white matter and a secondary expansion of the lateral ventricles. Diffuse leukomalacia is most often mistaken for PVL, but the localization of the white matter lesion of the large hemispheres is extensive and extends beyond the peri- and paraventricular region. Clinical examples show various variants of primary non-hemorrhagic brain lesions in prematurely born children in the long-term period. The analysis of the revealed changes is carried out, taking into account current data on developing the brain and pathomorphological criteria.

Performance of 5-Year-Old Children on Seven Visual Perceptual Tasks in Relation to Neonatal Ultrasound Abnormalities

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
E Vandenbussche ◽  
P Stiers ◽  
M Haers ◽  
B M van den Hout ◽  
L S de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Visual Object Identification

We investigated whether neonatal brain damage can give rise to visual perceptual deficits, in addition to the well-documented impairments in visual acuity. To this end, forty-one children (age 5.02 to 5.89 years) were given four visual object identification tasks and three visuo-constructive tasks. These subjects were neonatal at risk owing to prematurity or birth asphyxia. From neonatal ultrasound scans, the occurrence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH, N = 17), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL, N = 15), and/or white matter damage due to either of these conditions (WMD, N = 9) was determined for each subject. Scans were normal in fourteen of them. The number of subjects performing at or below Pc10 of same-age normal children was significantly above 10% for each task (range 27% – 49%). This was still true when mental instead of chronological age was used for comparison, as shown by the results of nine subjects for which intelligence data were available. This high incidence of impairment is not attributable to loss of visual acuity, since grating acuity was reduced in only four subjects (14 – 19 cycles deg−1). The frequency of scores < Pc10 correlated significantly with WMD in six tasks, with PVL in 4 tasks, but not with ICH. We conclude that neonatal at risk children are more likely to develop impaired visual perceptual skills, independent of mental disability and visual acuity loss. On ultrasound permanent white matter abnormalities are most strongly associated with visual perceptual deficit, whereas intracranial hemorrhage is unrelated.

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