scholarly journals Aplicação do Tank Model como Ferramenta de Gestão na Bacia do Rio Perdizes – Cambará do Sul/RS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Karla Campagnolo ◽  
Sofia Melo Vasconcellos ◽  
Vinicius Santanna Castiglio ◽  
Marina Refatti Fagundes ◽  
Masato Kobiyama
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
National Park ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Soil Moisture Index

A representação do processo precipitação-vazão por meio de modelos hidrológicos conceituais visa quantificar o volume escoado em uma bacia como consequência de uma determinada precipitação. Aliados a eles, os índices têm sido uma ferramenta útil para quantificar eventos extremos, como o Soil Moisture Index (TMI) que foi formulado a partir do modelo hidrológico Tank Model. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar o Tank Model para a bacia do rio Perdizes, em Cambará do Sul (RS), e avaliar o desempenho do TMI para prever a ocorrência de cheias, limiar este utilizado para o fechamento da Trilha do rio do Boi, no Parque Nacional de Aparados da Serra (PNAS). Os dados utilizados na simulação foram obtidos pelas estações meteorológica e fluviométrica instaladas na bacia. Após a calibração e validação de três séries históricas no Tank Model, os valores obtidos do TMI foram comparados com os dias que a Trilha foi fechada, a partir de altos níveis registrados no rio Perdizes. O TMI demonstrou que o nível utilizado para fechar a Trilha do rio do Boi correspondeu a cheias em 72% das vezes. Portanto, o TMI mostrou bom desempenho ao indicar a ocorrência de cheias na área estudada, sendo uma ferramenta útil para a tomada de decisões na gestão do PNAS.  Application of the Tank Model as a Management Tool in the Perdizes River Basin - Cambará do Sul/RS.ABSTRACTThe representation of the rainfall-runoff process by means of conceptual hydrological models aims to quantify the volume drained in a basin as result of a specific precipitation. Allied to them, the indices have been a useful tool to quantify extreme events, such as the Tank Moisture Index (TMI) which was formulated from the Tank Model. Thus, the objective of this work was to apply the Tank Model to the Perdizes river basin, in Cambará do Sul (RS), and to evaluate the performance of the TMI to predict the occurrence of floods, the threshold used for the closure of the Rio do Boi trail, in the Aparados da Serra National Park (PNAS). The data used in the simulation were obtained at the meteorological and fluviometric stations installed in the basin. After the calibration and validation of three historical series in the Tank Model, the values obtained in the TMI were compared with the days when the Trail was closed, from high levels recorded in the Perdizes river. The average TMI values demonstrated that the level used to close the Rio do Boi Trail corresponded to floods 72% of the time, and the median, 75%. Therefore, the TMI showed good performance in indicating the occurrence of floods in the study area, being a useful tool for decision making in the PNAS management.Keywords: Tank Moisture Index, trail closure, Aparados da Serra National Park.

scholarly journals Use of a supercomputer to advance parameter optimisation using genetic algorithms

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achela K. Fernando ◽  
A. W. Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Computational Time ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Serial Processing ◽  
Parameter Optimisation ◽  
Modified Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Parallel Ga ◽  
Reduced Time

Parameter optimisation is a significant but time-consuming process that is inherent in conceptual hydrological models representing rainfall–runoff processes. This study presents two modifications to achieve optimised results for a Tank Model in less computational time. Firstly, a modified genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to enhance the fitness of the population consisting of possible solutions in each generation. Then the parallel processing capabilities of an IBM 9076 SP2 computer are used to expedite implementation of the GA. A comparison of processing time between a serial IBM RS/6000 390 computer and an IBM 9076 SP2 supercomputer reveals that the latter can be up to 8 times faster. The effectiveness of the modified GA is tested with two Tank Models for a hypothetical catchment and a real catchment. The former showed that the parallel GA reaches a lower overall error in reduced time. The overall RMSE, expressed as a percentage of actual mean flow rate, improves from 31.8% in a serial processing computer to 29.5% on the SP2 supercomputer. The case of the real catchment – Shek-Pi-Tau Catchment in Hong Kong – reveals that the supercomputer enhances the swiftness of the GA and achieves its objective within a couple of hours.

scholarly journals Use of regional climate model simulations as input for hydrological models for the Hindukush–Karakorum–Himalaya region

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 865-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akhtar ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
M. J. Booij
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Hbv Model ◽  
Hunza River

Abstract. The most important climatological inputs required for the calibration and validation of hydrological models are temperature and precipitation that can be derived from observational records or alternatively from regional climate models (RCMs). In this paper, meteorological station observations and results of the PRECIS (Providing REgional Climate for Impact Studies) RCM driven by the outputs of reanalysis ERA-40 data and HadAM3P general circulation model (GCM) results are used as input in the hydrological model. The objective is to investigate the effect of precipitation and temperature simulated with the PRECIS RCM nested in these two data sets on discharge simulated with the HBV model for three river basins in the Hindukush-Karakorum-Himalaya (HKH) region. Three HBV model experiments are designed: HBV-Met, HBV-ERA and HBV-Had where HBV is driven by meteorological station data and by the outputs from PRECIS nested with ERA-40 and HadAM3P data, respectively. Present day PRECIS simulations possess strong capacity to simulate spatial patterns of present day climate characteristics. However, there also exist some quantitative biases in the HKH region, where PRECIS RCM simulations underestimate temperature and overestimate precipitation with respect to CRU observations. The calibration and validation results of the HBV model experiments show that the performance of HBV-Met is better than the HBV models driven by the PRECIS outputs. However, using input data series from sources different from the data used in the model calibration shows that HBV models driven by the PRECIS outputs are more robust compared to HBV-Met. The Gilgit and Astore river basin, which discharges are depending on the preceding winter precipitation, have higher uncertainties compared to the Hunza river basin which discharge is driven by the energy inputs. The smaller uncertainties in the Hunza river basin may be because of the stable behavior of the input temperature series compared to the precipitation series. The resulting robustness and uncertainty ranges of the HBV models suggest that in data sparse regions such as the HKH region data from regional climate models may be used as input in hydrological models for climate scenarios studies.

Macropore domination in runoff generation process: A case study by hydrological modelling in Hilly Watersheds of Koshi River Basin, Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Padhee ◽  
Subashisa Dutta
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Koshi River Basin ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

<p>A recent initiative by the hydrologic community identified processes that control hillslope-riparian-stream-groundwater interactions as one of the major unsolved scientific problems in Hydrology. It is a long-time argument among hydrologists whether to eliminate the minor details from field-based costing a lot of time, effort, and resources to understand the hydrological process in watershed scale. The modelling approaches are helpful is these cases by focusing on the dominant controllers and might/might'nt bypassing the implications from minor details. In this work, a conceptual semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model for hilly watersheds is used with satellite-based hydrometeorological inputs to parameterize, and thus understand by calibration and validation, at Koshi River Basin, a partly hilly watershed in Himalaya. The semi-distributed model is operated by dividing the river basin into small grids of around 1km<sup>2</sup>, each representing a micro-watershed. Majority of the model concept is drawn from fill and spill approach from previous literature, observations from plot-scale hillslope experiments, and macropore characterization from dye-tracer experiments, which are upscaled at micro-watershed scale. The parameterization in the rainfall-runoff model includes the daily average variables namely, threshold for runoff generation (<em>T</em>), gradient of runoff generation rate (<em>S</em>), saturated hydraulic conductivity for hillslope aquifers (<em>Ksat</em>), and aquifer thickness limit (<em>D</em>). Variable ranges of these parameters were simulated to find the best values (<em>T</em> = 1±0.25cm; <em>S</em> = 0.6 – 0.1; <em>Ksat</em> ≈ 10<sup>5</sup> – 10<sup>10</sup> times original Ksat; and <em>D </em>= 1m). These ranges resulted in over (NSE = 0.6; R<sup>2</sup> = 0.65) during calibration and validation for daily flow volume at the outlet. In these simulations, the <em>Ksat </em>multiplied with factors at several orders higher scale and producing good NSE values shows domination of preferential pathways in runoff generation process. This might represent a flow similar to that of overland flow affecting the surface runoff volume at river basin scale. This model could be used for water budgeting studies in hilly watersheds where several hillslopes dominated by macropores are present.</p>

scholarly journals Rainfall-Runoff Modelling of a River Basin Using HEC HMS: A Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 506-508
Author(s):  
Padala Raja Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Rainfall Runoff

Abstract: A hydrological model helps in understanding of the hydrological processes and useful to measure water resources for effective water resources management. Hydrological cycle describes evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection of earth water and on again. Hydrological models have been used in different watersheds across the world. The runoff estimation process is the most complex in nature that depends on the meteorological data and also on the various watershed physical parameters. To generate runoff data for a particular watershed it is needed to find out various parameters related to precipitation models. The HEC HMS (a Centre for Hydrological Engineering and Hydrological Modelling Systems introduced by the US Army Corps of Engineers) is a popularly used watershed model to simulate rainfall runoff process. The input variables used by hydrological models are rainfall data, runoff data, wind speed, relative humidity, soil type, catchment properties, hydrogeology and other properties. The Hydrological Modeling can also be an event based or may be continuous. This model is used to predict future impacts of the climate changes on the runoff of River basin and it is used to simulate runoff in ungauged watershed. This literature review represents that application of rainfall runoff modelling using HEC HMS is helpful in prediction of flood, water management and socio-economic development as well as food security. Keywords: HEC-HMS, hydrological modeling, rainfall-runoff simulation, soil type.

scholarly journals Application of SWAT in Hydrological Simulation of Complex Mountainous River Basin (Part I: Model Development)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Suresh Marahatta ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Devkota ◽  
Deepak Aryal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
Mountainous River

The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) hydrological model has been used extensively by the scientific community to simulate varying hydro-climatic conditions and geo-physical environment. This study used SWAT to characterize the rainfall-runoff behaviour of a complex mountainous basin, the Budhigandaki River Basin (BRB), in central Nepal. The specific objectives of this research were to: (i) assess the applicability of SWAT model in data scarce and complex mountainous river basin using well-established performance indicators; and (ii) generate spatially distributed flows and evaluate the water balance at the sub-basin level. The BRB was discretised into 16 sub-basins and 344 hydrological response units (HRUs) and calibration and validation was carried out at Arughat using daily flow data of 20 years and 10 years, respectively. Moreover, this study carried out additional validation at three supplementary points at which the study team collected primary river flow data. Four statistical indicators: Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), percent bias (PBIAS), ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data (RSR) and Kling Gupta efficiency (KGE) have been used for the model evaluation. Calibration and validation results rank the model performance as “very good”. This study estimated the mean annual flow at BRB outlet to be 240 m3/s and annual precipitation 1528 mm with distinct seasonal variability. Snowmelt contributes 20% of the total flow at the basin outlet during the pre-monsoon and 8% in the post monsoon period. The 90%, 40% and 10% exceedance flows were calculated to be 39, 126 and 453 m3/s respectively. This study provides additional evidence to the SWAT diaspora of its applicability to simulate the rainfall-runoff characteristics of such a complex mountainous catchment. The findings will be useful for hydrologists and planners in general to utilize the available water rationally in the times to come and particularly, to harness the hydroelectric potential of the basin.

Assessing the Benefits and Economic Feasibility of Stand Improvement for Central Hardwood Forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Wang ◽  
Wu Ma ◽  
Lenny D Farlee ◽  
Elizabeth A Jackson ◽  
Guofan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Study Region ◽  
White River ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Quality Incentive

Abstract Stand improvement (SI) has been widely accepted as an effective forest management tool. Yet most studies on its economic feasibility for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners are outdated and focus on the single stand level. The objective of this study was to conduct an economic assessment of SI’s effects and feasibility in hardwood stands for a case study in the White River Basin in Indiana. It is shown that SI could make these forests more productive and sustainable than the prevalent “hands-off” practice by enhancing the timber value of the residual stand (TV), generating regular timber income, and to some degree, reversing the decline in oak dominance. On average, a 25% increment in the TV could be achieved. Although costly for some NIPFs, once combined with voluntary financial incentive programs, SI could meet landowners’ demands for low-cost, high-return investment options. In particular, participation in the Environmental Quality Incentive Program could, on average, increase the net present value of timber income from thinning activities by nearly $1,600 per hectare over the course of 30 years. The spatial analysis revealed that there existed considerable spatial heterogeneity in SI benefits and impacts, suggesting that public incentive programs should be spatially targeted to achieve greater efficiency. Study Implications This study found that stand improvement (SI) could significantly improve the timber value of forestland in the central hardwood region. Participation in voluntary conservation programs, such as the Environmental Quality Incentive Program, could alleviate part of the SI cost thus making it an attractive investment opportunity for private landowners. For the study region, the White River Basin in Indiana, the results suggested that there existed substantial variations in SI’s effectiveness across space. This implied that program administrators of voluntary incentives could improve the efficiency of public funds allocation by considering this spatial variation when evaluating landowners’ applications for incentives.

A Conceptual Tank Model for Urban Storm Water System

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Xing Po Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Water System ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Objective Model ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
Urban Storm ◽  
Storm Sewer

In order to cope with urban flooding, water scarcity and rainfall-runoff pollution comprehensively, a conceptual tank model of urban storm water system is proposed. Tank model is a multi-layer, multi-objective model, so design of urban storm water system is more complex than that of urban storm sewer system. Some principles of design of urban storm water system are discussed, such as Low Impact Development, Smart storm water management, and so on.

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