Estimativa do Saldo de Radiação Instantâneo à Superfície para a Cidade de Santarém-PA, Através de Imagens do Landsat 5-TM (Estimation of Radiation Balance Instantaneous Surfacing for the City of Santarém-PA, via Images from Landsat-5 TM)

A estimativa do saldo de radiação (Rn) em ambientes urbanos é de fundamental importância para o entendimento e a quantificação dos impactos que as estruturas presentes nas áreas urbanas causam nas trocas de energia entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estimar o saldo de radiação instantâneo à superfície no perímetro urbano do município de Santarém, no estado do Pará, utilizando para isto o algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) e duas imagens do satélite Landsat 5 - TM, correspondentes aos dias 02 de agosto de 1999 e 29 de junho de 2010. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as áreas urbanas apresentaram os maiores valores de albedo e temperatura da superfície, e menores valores de NDVI e do saldo de radiação, enquanto que em áreas com vegetação e corpos d’água, estes valores se invertem. Na cena de 1999, os valores mínimo e máximo do Rn foram 296 e 697 W m-2, e para 2010 foram 161 e 682 W m-2, respectivamente. Observou-se uma diminuição no saldo de radiação na imagem de 2010, com maior espacialização de valores compreendidos na faixa entre 472 e 522 W m-2. De modo geral, pode-se atribuir a diminuição do (Rn) encontrado na cena de 2010, a mudança da cobertura do solo e a sazonalidade da radiação solar no momento da passagem do satélite sobre a área em estudo. ABSTRACT: The estimate of net radiation (Rn) in urban environments is of fundamental importance for the understanding and quantification of the structures in urban areas causing the exchange of energy between the surface and the atmosphere. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the balance of instantaneous surface radiation in the urban area of the municipality of Santarem, in Para state, using for this purpose the algorithm SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) and two images of Landsat 5 - TM, corresponding to the days August 2, 1999 and June 29, 2010. The results showed that urban areas presented the highest values of albedo and surface temperature, and lower values of NDVI and net radiation, while in areas with vegetation and water bodies, these values are reversed. In the scene of 1999, the minimum and maximum Rn values were 296 and 697 W m-2 respectively, and 2010 were 161 and 682 W m-2, respectively. There was a decrease in net radiation at the picture of 2010 with higher spatial values included in the range between 472 and 522 W m-2. In general, one can attribute the decrease of (Rn) found at the scene of 2010, the change of land cover and seasonality of solar radiation at the time the satellite passed over the area under study. Keywords: urbanization, net radiation, albedo, remote sensing, SEBAL.

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Estimativa do Saldo de Radiação Instantâneo na Cidade do Recife, através de Imagens do Satélite LANDSAT 5 TM (Estimation of Instantaneous Radiation Balance in City of Recife, Via Satellite Images LANDSAT 5 TM)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v4i3.232737 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 589 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elvis Bergue Mariz Moreira ◽

Ranyére Silva Nóbrega ◽

Bernardo Barbosa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Satellite Images ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Abstract Knowledge ◽

Landsat 5 Tm ◽

The City

O conhecimento do saldo de radiacao em areas urbanas e fundamental em estudos de monitoramento de mudanças climaticas e pode ser um indicador de urbanizacao vivenciando por uma determinada area, contudo apresenta-se no campo das pesquisas cientificas pouco exploradas. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi a obtencao do saldo de radiacao instantaneo na cidade do Recife. Para tanto, foram utilizadas duas imagens do Mapeador Tematico do satélite Landsat 5 referente as datas 26 de agosto de 2006 e 06 de setembro 2010 na orbita e ponto 215/66. As imagens foram processadas atraves do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) que e baseado na irradiacao medida nos canais reflectivos (1,2,3,4,5 e 6). Os resultados encontrados apontaram para as imagens em estudo, os menores valores do (Rn) nas areas urbanas e os maiores foram encontrados nas areas com vegetacao e corpos hidricos. A cena referente ao ano de 2006 apresentou na area urbana valores de (Rn) inferiores a 692 Wm-2 , enquanto o ano de 2010 apresentou 730 Wm-2. De modo geral, os maiores valores de (Rn) foram encontrados na imagem de 2010, tal aumento pode esta associado a saxonalidade da radiacao solar. Palavras chaves: radiacao solar, sensoriamento remoto, algoritmo sebal Estimation of Instantaneous Radiation Balance in City of Recife, Via Satellite Images LANDSAT 5 TM ABSTRACT Knowledge of the radiation balance in urban areas is essential in monitoring studies of climate change and can be an indicator of urban living for a certain area, but has in the field of scientific research unexplored. The main objective of this work was to obtain the instantaneous net radiation in the city of Recife. Therefore, we used two images from Landsat Thematic Mapper 5 for the dates August 26, 2006 and September 6, 2010 point in the orbit and 215/66. The images were processed through the algorithm SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) which is based on irradiation as reflective channels (1,2,3,4,5 and 6). The results pointed to the images under study, the lowest values of (Rn) in urban areas and the largest were found in areas with vegetation and water bodies. The scene for the year 2006 presented in the urban area values (Rn) of less than 692 Wm-2, while the year 2010 showed 730 Wm-2. In general, the highest values of (Rn) were found in the image of 2010, this increase is associated with can saxonalidade solar radiation. Keywords: solar radiation, remote sensing, algorithm sebal

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The recent retreat of Mexican glaciers on Citlaltépetl Volcano detected using ASTER data

The Cryosphere Discussions ◽

10.5194/tcd-6-3149-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 3149-3176 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Cortés-Ramos ◽

H. Delgado-Granados

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Satellite Imagery ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Glacial Retreat ◽

Radiation Data ◽

Close Relationship

Abstract. Satellite imagery and net radiation data collected between 2001 and 2007 for Citlaltépetl Volcano confirm the dramatic shrinkage of Glaciar Norte and the elimination of Jamapa and Chichimeco glacier tongues. The Glaciar Norte rapidly retreated between 2001 and 2002 while for 2007 this retreat decreases considerably. Jamapa and Chichimeco tongues disappeared by 2001 as compared to the geometry shown for 1958. The Glaciar Norte lost about 72% of its surface area between 1958 and 2007. Recently, the ice loss appears to be accelerating as evidenced by the 33% areal loss in just 6 yr between 2001 and 2007. At this shrinkage rate the glaciers would be gone from the volcano by the year 2020, which is decades earlier than previously estimated. The net radiation from ASTER images and the energy fluxes calculated via the meteorological data at the glacial surface show the close relationship between glacial shrinkage and surface energy balance. The magnitude of changes in the net radiation balance allows improved understanding of glacial retreat in Mexico.

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Components of near-surface energy balance derived from satellite soundings – Part 1: Net available energy

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-11825-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 11825-11861 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Mallick ◽

A. Jarvis ◽

G. Wohlfahrt ◽

G. Kiely ◽

T. Hirano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Heat Accumulation ◽

Simple Method ◽

Ground Truth Data ◽

Near Surface ◽

Available Energy

Abstract. This paper introduces a relatively simple method for recovering global fields of near-surface net available energy (the sum of the sensible and latent heat flux or the difference between the net radiation and surface heat accumulation) using satellite visible and infra-red products derived from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and MODIS (MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) platforms. The method focuses on first specifying net surface radiation by considering its various shortwave and longwave components. This was then used in a surface energy balance equation in conjunction with satellite day–night surface temperature difference to derive 12 h discrete time estimates of surface, system heat capacity and heat accumulation, leading directly to retrieval for surface net available energy. Both net radiation and net available energy estimates were evaluated against ground truth data taken from 30 terrestrial tower sites affiliated to the FLUXNET network covering 7 different biome classes. This revealed a relatively good agreement between the satellite and tower data, with a pooled root mean square deviation of 98 and 72 W m−2 for net radiation and net available energy, respectively, although both quantities were underestimated by approximately 25 and 10%, respectively relative to the tower observations. Analysis of the individual shortwave and longwave components of the net radiation revealed the downwelling shortwave radiation to be the main source of this systematic underestimation.

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Components of near-surface energy balance derived from satellite soundings – Part 1: Net available energy

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-10-14387-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 14387-14415

Author(s):

A. Jarvis ◽

K. Mallick ◽

G. Wohlfahrt ◽

C. Gough ◽

T. Hirano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Energy Estimates ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Heat Accumulation ◽

Ground Truth Data ◽

Near Surface ◽

Available Energy

Abstract. This paper introduces a method for recovering global fields of near-surface net available energy (the sum of the sensible and latent heat flux or the difference between the net radiation and surface heat accumulation) using satellite visible and infra-red products derived from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and MODIS (MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) platforms. The method focuses on first specifying net surface radiation by considering its various shortwave and longwave components. This was then used in a surface energy balance equation in conjunction with satellite day-night surface temperature difference to derive 12 h discrete time estimates of surface system heat capacity and heat accumulation, leading directly to a retrieval for surface net available energy. Both net radiation and net available energy estimates were evaluated against ground truth data taken from 30 terrestrial tower sites affiliated to the FLUXNET network covering 7 different biome classes. This revealed a relatively good agreement between the satellite and tower data, with a pooled root mean square deviation of 98 and 72 W m−2 for net radiation and net available energy, respectively, with little bias particularly for the net available energy.

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DETERMINAÇÃO DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO REAL DIÁRIA EM ÁREAS IRRIGADAS DO PROJETO JAÍBA (MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL), MEDIANTE IMAGENS LANDSAT 5 - TM

Revista Cerrados ◽

10.22238/rc24482692v15n12017p53a76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (01) ◽

pp. 53-76

Author(s):

Gabriel Alves Veloso ◽

Manuel Eduardo Ferreira ◽

Bernardo Barbosa da Silva

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Mean Values ◽

Daily Evapotranspiration ◽

Landsat 5 Tm ◽

Surrounding Areas

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a estimativa da evapotranspiração em áreas irrigadas do projeto Jaíba (MG) e áreas circunvizinhas por meio de dados satelitários. Foram utilizadas cinco imagens do satélite Landsat 5 –TM, órbita 219 ponto 70, do ano de 2011. A estimativa da evapotranspiração real diária foi obtida através do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land). O SEBAL é constituído de várias etapas, que consiste na estimativa do balanço de radiação e balanço de energia e evapotranspiração. Para a obtenção desses parâmetros, utilizou-se dados da estação meteorológica localizada na cena Landsat. Foram obtidos valores médios para a evapotranspiração no período de 24 horas de 6,85 mm.dia-1, 4,0 mm.dia-1, 2,6 mm.dia-1, 2,2 mm.dia-1 e 3,4 mm.dia-1 para os dias juliano DJ 31, DJ 111, DJ 175, DJ 191 e DJ 255, respectivamente. Observou-se que a evapotranspiração apresentou variação no período analisado devido à quantidade de radiação disponível para cada dia, indicando um comportamento decíduo nas áreas de floresta estacional. A técnica utilizada demonstrou-se eficiente nas análises dos componentes estudados, sendo o SEBAL uma ferramenta importante para a gestão ambiental dos recursos hídricos. Palavras - Chaves: Evapotranspiração; SEBAL; Projeto Jaíba. DETERMINATION OF REAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DAILY IN AREAS OF JAIBA IRRIGATED PROJECT (MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL) THROUGH IMAGES LANDSAT 5 – TM Abstract This study aimed to estimate evapotranspiration in irrigated areas of Jaíba project (MG) and surrounding areas through satelitários data. Five images of Landsat 5 -TM were used, orbit 219 point 70, 2011. The estimate of daily evapotranspiration was obtained by SEBAL algorithm (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land) .The SEBAL consists of several stages, consisting in estimating the radiation balance and energy balance and evapotranspiration. To obtain these parameters, we used data from the weather station located on the Landsat scene. Mean values for evapotranspiration were obtained within 24 hours of 6.85 mm.dia-1, 4,0 mm.dia-1, 2,6 mm.dia-1, 2,2-1 and 3 mm.dia , 4 mm.dia-1 for Julian days DJ 31, DJ 111, DJ 175, DJ 191 and DJ 255, respectively. It was observed that the evapotranspiration in growth in the period analyzed due to the amount of radiation available for each day, indicating a behavior in the areas of deciduous seasonal forest. The technique used was efficient in the analysis of the components studied, and the SEBAL an important tool for environmental management of water resources. Keywords: Evapotranspiration; SEBAL; Jaíba project. DETERMINACIÓN DE LA EVAPOTRANSPIRACIÓN REAL DIARIA EN ÁREAS IRRIGADAS DEL PROYECTO JAÍBA (MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL), MEDIANTE IMAGENES LANDSAT 5 – TM Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo la estimativa de evapotranspiración en áreas irrigadas del proyecto Jaíba (MG) y áreas circunvecinas por medio de datos satelitarios. Fueron utilizadas cinco imágenes del satélite Landsat 5 – TM, órbita 219 punto 70, del año 2011. La estimativa de la evapotranspiración real diaria fue obtenida a través del algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance AlgorithmforLand). SEBAL es constituido de varias etapas, que consiste en la estimativa del balance de radiación e de energía y evapotranspiración. Para la obtención de esos parámetros, se utilizó datos de la estación meteorológica localizada en la escena Landsat. Fueron obtenidos valores medios para la evapotranspiración en el período de 24 horas de 6,85 mm.dia-1, 4,0 mm.dia-1, 2,6 mm.dia-1, 2,2 mm.dia-1, y 3,4 mm.dia-1 para los días de Juliano DJ 31, DJ 111, DJ 175, DJ 191 y DJ 255, respectivamente. Se observó que la evapotranspiración presentó variación en el período analizado debido a la cantidad de radiación disponible para cada día, indicando un comportamiento caducifolio en las áreas de floresta estacional. La técnica utilizada se mostró eficiente en los análisis de los componentes estudiados, siendo SEBAL una herramienta importante para la gestión ambiental de los recursos hídricos. Palabras - claves: Evapotranspiración; SEBAL; Proyecto Jaíba.

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Components of near-surface energy balance derived from satellite soundings – Part 1: Noontime net available energy

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-12-433-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 433-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

K. Mallick ◽

A. Jarvis ◽

G. Wohlfahrt ◽

G. Kiely ◽

T. Hirano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Heat Accumulation ◽

Simple Method ◽

Ground Truth Data ◽

Near Surface ◽

Available Energy

Abstract. This paper introduces a relatively simple method for recovering global fields of monthly midday (13:30 LT) near-surface net available energy (the sum of the sensible and latent heat flux or the difference between the net radiation and surface heat accumulation) using satellite visible and infrared products derived from the AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) and MODIS (MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) platforms. The method focuses on first specifying net surface radiation by considering its various shortwave and longwave components. This was then used in a surface energy balance equation in conjunction with satellite day–night surface temperature difference to derive 12 h discrete time estimates of surface system heat capacity and heat accumulation, leading directly to retrieval for surface net available energy. Both net radiation and net available energy estimates were evaluated against ground truth data taken from 30 terrestrial tower sites affiliated with the FLUXNET network covering 7 different biome classes. This revealed a relatively good agreement between the satellite and tower data, with a pooled root-mean-square deviation of 98 and 72 W m−2 for monthly 13:30 LT net radiation and net available energy, respectively, although both quantities were underestimated by approximately 25 and 10%, respectively, relative to the tower observation. Analysis of the individual shortwave and longwave components of the net radiation revealed the downwelling shortwave radiation to be main source of this systematic underestimation.

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A Semiempirical Microscale Model of the Surface Energy Balance and Its Application to Two Urban Rooftops

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/2007jamc1431.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 819-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Timothy M. Barzyk ◽

John E. Frederick

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Balance Model ◽

Site Specific ◽

City Hall ◽

Microscale Model ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Stone Concrete ◽

The City

Abstract Individual structures within the same local-scale (102–104 m) environment may experience different microscale (<103 m) climates. Urban microclimate variations are often a result of site-specific features, including spatial and material characteristics of surfaces and surrounding structures. A semiempirical surface energy balance model is presented that incorporates radiative and meteorological measurements to statistically parameterize energy fluxes that are not measured directly, including sensible heat transport, storage heat flux through conduction, and evaporation (assumed to be negligible under dry conditions). Two Chicago rooftops were chosen for detailed study. The City Hall site was located in an intensely developed urban area characterized by close-set high-rise buildings. The University rooftop was in a highly developed area characterized by three- to seven-story buildings of stone, concrete, and brick construction. Two identical sets of instruments recorded measurements contemporaneously from these rooftops during summer 2005, and results from the week of 29 July to 5 August are presented here. The model explains 83.7% and 96% of the variance for the City Hall and University sites, respectively. Results apply to a surface area of approximately 1260 m2, at length scales similar to the dimensions of built structures and other urban elements. A site intercomparison revealed variations in surface energy balance components caused by site-specific features and demonstrated the relevance of the model to urban applications.

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DETERMINAÇÃO DO ALBEDO DE SUPERFÍCIE EM ÁREAS IRRIGADAS DO PROJETO JAÍBA (MINAS GERAIS), MEDIANTE IMAGENS LANDSAT 5 - TM

Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise ◽

10.5380/raega.v35i0.39757 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Alves Veloso ◽

Manuel Eduardo Ferreira ◽

Roberto Rosa ◽

Bernardo Barbosa Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Landsat 5 Tm

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o albedo de áreas irrigadas do projeto Jaíba. A área de estudo encontra-se localizada no Norte de Minas Gerais, entre as coordenadas UTM de 595204 e 626309 E e 8308401 e 8341257 N. Na elaboração do trabalho foram utilizadas imagens TM do Satélite Landsat 5, órbita/ponto 219/70, obtidas nos dias 31 de janeiro, dia Juliano 31 (DJ31), 21 de abril (DJ111), 24 de junho (DJ175), 10 de julho (DJ191) e 12 de setembro (DJ255), todas do ano de 2011. A determinação do albedo de superfície foi realizada segundo os procedimentos do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land), que se baseia na radiância dos canais refletivos do TM. A pesquisa obteve valores de albedo de superfície dos dias 31 e 111 para o rio São Francisco na ordem de 9 a 13%, associados ao aumento da carga de sedimentos provocado pela estação chuvosa. Os resultados do albedo de vegetação nativa foram os que demonstraram maior variação, apresentando valores na ordem de 9 a 16%. Este resultado pode estar associado à dinâmica que as estações do ano imprimem na vegetação e na pastagem, sendo que o dia 255 apresentou maior variação no período analisado, período este correspondente ao de estiagem. Os valores observados nas áreas irrigadas foram na ordem de 16 a 23%, enquanto os valores de vegetação degradada, pastagem e solo exposto variaram na ordem de 23 a 32%, sendo estes coerentes com os encontrados na literatura.

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Analysing surface energy balance closure and partitioning over a semi-arid savanna FLUXNET site in Skukuza, Kruger National Park, South Africa

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-21-3401-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 3401-3415 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Nobuhle P. Majozi ◽

Chris M. Mannaerts ◽

Abel Ramoelo ◽

Renaud Mathieu ◽

Alecia Nickless ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Surface Energy ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Surface Energy Balance ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Dry Season ◽

Energy Balance Closure ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Wet Season

Abstract. Flux towers provide essential terrestrial climate, water, and radiation budget information needed for environmental monitoring and evaluation of climate change impacts on ecosystems and society in general. They are also intended for calibration and validation of satellite-based Earth observation and monitoring efforts, such as assessment of evapotranspiration from land and vegetation surfaces using surface energy balance approaches. In this paper, 15 years of Skukuza eddy covariance data, i.e. from 2000 to 2014, were analysed for surface energy balance closure (EBC) and partitioning. The surface energy balance closure was evaluated using the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) of turbulent energy fluxes (sensible (H) and latent heat (LE)) against available energy (net radiation (Rn) less soil heat (G)), and the energy balance ratio (EBR). Partitioning of the surface energy during the wet and dry seasons was also investigated, as well as how it is affected by atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and net radiation. After filtering years with low-quality data (2004–2008), our results show an overall mean EBR of 0.93. Seasonal variations of EBR also showed the wet season with 1.17 and spring (1.02) being closest to unity, with the dry season (0.70) having the highest imbalance. Nocturnal surface energy closure was very low at 0.26, and this was linked to low friction velocity during night-time, with results showing an increase in closure with increase in friction velocity. The energy partition analysis showed that sensible heat flux is the dominant portion of net radiation, especially between March and October, followed by latent heat flux, and lastly the soil heat flux, and during the wet season where latent heat flux dominated sensible heat flux. An increase in net radiation was characterized by an increase in both LE and H, with LE showing a higher rate of increase than H in the wet season, and the reverse happening during the dry season. An increase in VPD is correlated with a decrease in LE and increase in H during the wet season, and an increase in both fluxes during the dry season.

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