scholarly journals FICI Value Determination of Combination of Aquilaria microcarpa Baill. Ethanolic Extract with Amoxicillin against Salmonella typhi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Pratiwi - Apridamayanti ◽  
Robiyanto Robiyanto ◽  
Trie - Farica
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Value Determination

<p>Karas (<em>Aquilaria microcarpa</em> Baill.) adalah tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai FICI dari kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun karas (<em>Aquilaria microcarpa</em> Baill.) dengan amoksisilin terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui karakteristik kombinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai FICI kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun karas (<em>Aquilaria microcarpa</em> Baill.) dengan amoksisilin terhadap <em>Salmonella typhi</em> adalah 4. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik kombinasi terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella typhi</em> bersifat <em>indifferent</em> atau tak berbeda.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci :</strong> <em>Aquilaria microcarpa </em>Baill.<em>, </em>ekstrak etanol, amoksisilin, <em>Salmonella typhi</em> , <em>Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index</em> (FICI)</p>

scholarly journals In vitro synergy of isavuconazole in combination with colistin against Candida auris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schwarz ◽  
Anne-Laure Bidaud ◽  
Eric Dannaoui
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Agar Diffusion

AbstractThe in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with colistin were evaluated against 15 clinical Candida auris isolates by a microdilution checkerboard technique based on the EUCAST reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing and by agar diffusion using isavuconazole gradient concentration strips with or without colistin incorporated RPMI agar. Interpretation of the checkerboard results was done by the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by response surface analysis based on the Bliss model. By checkerboard, combination was synergistic for 93% of the isolates when interpretation of the data was done by fractional inhibitory concentration index, and for 80% of the isolates by response surface analysis interpretation. By agar diffusion test, although all MICs in combination decreased compared to isavuconazole alone, only 13% of the isolates met the definition of synergy. Essential agreement of EUCAST and gradient concentration strip MICs at +/− 2 log2 dilutions was 93.3%. Antagonistic interactions were never observed for any technique or interpretation model used.

scholarly journals Effect the combination of antibiotics on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Atotal of 75 different clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that forty isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all isolates towards ten antibiotics were carried out and results showed that many isolates (97.5 %) were resistant to ?-lactam antibiotic , 70 % were resistant to Tetracyclinee , 62.5% were resistant to co-trimoxazole , 60 % were resistant to ciprofloxacin , 55% were resistant both of chloramphenicol and erythromycin , 52.5% were resistant to gentamicin , 35% were resistant to rifampicin , 10% were resistant to vancomycin . According to the above results the S.aureus I1 which is isolated from patients with osteomyelitis showed resistant to all ten antibiotics therefore was used in the followed experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S.aureus I1 vancomycin, cefotaxim , penicillin G, amoxicillin , ciprofloxacin , co-trimoxazole ,gentamicin, rifampicin was checked.The results showed that isolates had MIC between (390-12500) ?g/ml. The combination of different antibiotics with vancomycin showed synergistic effect based on the Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC).

scholarly journals In Vitro Interaction of Posaconazole and Caspofungin against Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3544-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Oliveira ◽  
A. W. Fothergill ◽  
W. R. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Coco ◽  
T. F. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

ABSTRACT Combinations of caspofungin and posaconazole were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration index against 119 Candida glabrata isolates. Synergy was seen in 18% of all isolates and in 4% of fluconazole-resistant isolates at 48 h without evidence of antagonism. This antifungal combination may have utility against this organism.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Synergistic Effect of Spices against Few Selected Pathogens

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Renuka Maharjan ◽  
Saru Thapa ◽  
Amrit Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Mic Value

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of spices along with determination of its synergistic effect against few selected pathogens. Methods: In this study, ethanolic extract of 5 different spices; Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Allium sativum (Garlic), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Capsicum annum (Chili) and Allium cepa (Onion) were obtained by using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract was concentrated by evaporation and different concentrations of extract were prepared in Dimethy Sulphoxide (DMSO) solvent. Test organisms included mainly pathogens i.e. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts were determined by well diffusion technique both individually and in combination. On the other hand, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined by serial dilution technique. The result were interpreted on the basis of the fact that the growth occurs in positive control and other tubes with inadequate amount of extract whereas the lowest concentration of agent that inhibits growth of organism, detected by lack of visible turbidity by inhibition of 99% is designed as the MIC. The MBC is identified by determining the lowest concentration of extract solution that reduces the viability of the initial bacterial inoculum by a predetermined reduction such as ≥99.9%. Likewise, for determination of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI), two extracts were combined along with standardized inoculum of bacterial strain. Tubes without visible turbidity were streaked on agar plate and observed for 99.9% killing.   Results: All the tested extract of spices were found effective against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae only. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was found in chili extract (ZOI=26 mm) against S. aureus whereas lowest zone of inhibition was found in garlic extract against K. pneumoniae (ZOI=12mm). Similarly, highest ZOI was produced by combined extract of both Turmeric and Ginger (ZOI= 26 mm). Turmeric extract was found to be effective against S. aureus (MIC value = 62.5 mg /ml and MBC value = 31.25 mg/ml) and K. pneumoniae (MIC value 125 mg/ml and MBC value = 62.5 mg/ml). The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) values of combined extract suggested synergistic and additive effect (0.5<FIC<1). Chili and ginger were effective with FIC value of 0.25. Conclusion: To recapitulate, the extract of spices can be used to prevent the pathogenic organism.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Echinocandins with Triazoles against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Anupam Prakash ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

ABSTRACT We determined the in vitro interactions between echinocandins and azoles against 10 multidrug-resistant Candida auris strains by use of a microdilution checkerboard technique. Our results suggest synergistic interactions between micafungin and voriconazole with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.15 to 0.5, and we observed indifferent interactions when micafungin was combined with fluconazole (FICI, 0.62 to 1.5). Combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole or voriconazole exhibited indifferent interactions. No antagonism was observed for any combination.

scholarly journals Combinations of Lysostaphin with β-Lactams Are Synergistic against Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Kiri ◽  
Gordon Archer ◽  
Michael W. Climo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergy Testing ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is rapidly killed by the endopeptidase lysostaphin, and the addition of β-lactam antibiotics provides synergistic killing. We investigated the possibility that β-lactams given in combination with lysostaphin would improve the activity of lysostaphin against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE), which is normally less susceptible to lysostaphin. Checkerboard synergy testing was performed for lysostaphin given in combination with oxacillin against 10 ORSE isolates for which the lysostaphin MICs were ≥ 8 μg/ml. The fractional inhibitory concentration index ranged from 0.0234 to 0.2656, indicating synergy, which was confirmed in growth curve experiments. In the rabbit model of experimental aortic valve endocarditis using an ORSE strain, the combination of lysostaphin and nafcillin was as effective as vancomycin alone and significantly better than lysostaphin or nafcillin alone. We conclude that β-lactam antibiotics given in combination with lysostaphin are synergistic against many strains of ORSE.

scholarly journals Synergy between Trovafloxacin and Ceftriaxone against Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci in the Rabbit Meningitis Model and In Vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Cottagnoud ◽  
Fernando Acosta ◽  
Marianne Cottagnoud ◽  
Klaus Neftel ◽  
Martin G. Täuber
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
Pneumococcal Strain ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT The bactericidal activities of monotherapy with trovafloxacin (−0.37 ± 0.15 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), vancomycin (−0.32 ± 0.12 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), and ceftriaxone (−0.36 ± 0.19 Δlog10CFU/ml · h) for the treatment of experimental meningitis in rabbits due to a clinical penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strain (MIC, 4 mg/liter) were similar. The combination of ceftriaxone with trovafloxacin considerably improved the killing rates (−0.67 ± 0.16 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h) and was slightly superior to ceftriaxone with vancomycin (killing rate, −0.53 ± 0.22 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), the regimen most commonly used in clinical practice. In vitro, synergy was demonstrated between ceftriaxone and trovafloxacin by the checkerboard method (fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.5) and by time-killing assays over 8 h.

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