Features of the Analysis of the Used Non-Food and Food Commodities in Forensic Commodity Examination

The article reviews the main stages of the forensic commodity analysis of the objects losing in quality and cost up to 100 % to determine their market value. Based on specific examples, various situations of value determination for industrial and food products are analyzed: 1) used hosiery; 2) dumplings with damaged packaging. The author reviews the algorithm of solving the task assigned to the expert, the course of the study. The article also indicates specific regulatory and technical documents, ensuring expert conclusions’ correctness and validity.

Indicators of the critical state of the ship’s stability

According to the main criterion, the vessel stability according to the main criterion is standardized by the Rules of the Russian Register by the assumption that the units of the stability margin are practically equal, which is the ratio of listing and restoring moments characterizing the equality of their work. That is, the current domestic and international standards allow the achievement of a shipborne borderline hazardous state, after which it will either capsize, or an uncontrolled inflow of water into the hull and emergency flooding will begin. The characteristics of the vessel that affect stability during its assessment, both at the design stages and during operation, are determined with some error. It is caused by the assumptions of the Rules to the displacement value determination and the coordinates of the gravity center, incomplete compliance with the predicted cruise conditions, due to the ship falling into possible more severe conditions, the construction of a static stability diagram, which is the dependence of the reduced restoring moment on the inclination angle, with a flat waterline, while it is three-dimensional, and other factors related to the vessel’s type and purpose, which are not taken into account when calculating stability. In this paper, we consider a group of such factors, in relation to ships of inland and mixed (river-sea) navigation, the features and reasons for their occurrence, taking into account in verification calculations. A mathematical stability safety factor form, reflecting the expected increments of permissible values, which will improve the safety of the ship, is proposed.

The Influence of Parking Careers and Parking Facilities on User Satisfaction of Car Parking on Ngurah Rai Street Gianyar City

Driver satisfaction in making a trip is influenced by the quality of parking services. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of parking attendants and parking facilities on the satisfaction of car park users on Jalan Ngurah Rai, in Gianyar City, which is currently working on revitalizing traditional markets with modern concepts. Research using survey methods, distributing questionnaires to obtain 100 sheets of parking service user perception data. The results of the analysis show that the regression equation obtained is Y = 2.354 + 0.281 X1 + 0.672 X2. The parking attendant and parking facilities variables both partially and simultaneously have a significant positive effect on the user satisfaction variable. Value of Sig. variable parking attendant and parking facilities respectively 0.000 < 0.05. The value of tcount for parking attendants and parking facilities are 9,500 and 20.921, respectively > ttable = 1.9872. Fcount = 312.296 > 0.025324. The ability of the parking attendant and parking facilities variable in influencing the user satisfaction variable is quite large, as indicated by the coefficient value. determination (R2) of 86.3%.

Methodology for Assessing the Risks of Information Enterprise Security Using Case Technologies

Purpose of the study. Creating an effective information security system of an enterprise is impossible without an adequate assessment of the risks to which its assets are exposed. The results of such an assessment should become the basis for making decisions in the field of information security of the enterprise. Identification of information assets and assessment of their value, determination of the level of threats to the security of assets allow planning measures to create an enterprise information security system.This paper discusses a methodology for assessing the risks of information security of an enterprise, a distinctive feature and novelty of which is the use of modern tools and methods for constructing and analyzing business processes in order to identify the information assets of an enterprise to be protected.Materials and methods. It is proposed to identify information assets based on the model of business processes of the enterprise, performed using the IDEF0 methodology. Modeling of business processes was carried out in the Business Studio environment of the “Modern Management Technologies” company.The activity of a typical IT-industry company was considered as an example for the risk analysis.Results. The methodology for assessing the risks of information security of an enterprise described in the article has been successfully tested in the educational process. Its use in conducting laboratory classes in the discipline “Designing the information security system of enterprises and organizations” for masters studying in the direction of “Information security” allowed, according to the authors of the article, to increase the effectiveness of the formation of students’ professional competencies.Conclusion. The paper proposes a methodology for assessing information security risks for objects of an enterprise’s information infrastructure, which makes it possible to identify priority areas of information security at an enterprise. As a result of the application of the technique, a loss matrix is formed, showing the problem areas in the organization of information protection, which should be given priority attention when planning information security measures. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to form an economically justified strategy and tactics for the development of an enterprise information security system.

Science as a Value of Risk Society

In the article, the issue of the relationship between science and the sphere of cultural values is considered in two mutually correlated aspects. First, it reveals the ambivalent status of science as the most important social institution in a modern dynamically transforming society, which, in accordance with the very popular metaphor of U. Beck, is increasingly called the “risk society.” Secondly, the problem of sociocultural determination of scientific knowledge is interpreted as a problem of the axiology of science. At the same time, the relationship between social and intrascientific (cognitive) values is examined through the prism of possible forms and mechanisms of their philosophical and methodological representation. The author examines the specificity of pre-requisite knowledge, especially in the form as the metatheoretical foundations of scientific research is revealed. The article reveals the ambivalent nature of the value status of science in the context of changing socio-cultural priorities of the industrial civilization, against the background of a brief reconstruction of the main ideas of U. Beck’s concept of reflexive modernization, the theory of risk-generating development of science and high technologies by G. Bechmann, Z. Bauman’s idea about sociocultural imbalance as an essential characteristic of “individualized society.” The specificity of the value determination of scientific knowledge is considered in the context of substantiating the sociocognitive approach as the most important result of the philosophical and methodological research in the 20th century. Within the framework of this approach, two alternative strategies are distinguished, for using social and cognitive values as specific forms of prerequisite knowledge. One of the strategies is focused on development of conceptual foundations of science and rationally grounded metatheoretical structures (V.S. Stepin). The second strategy gives preference to non-conceptual (pre-conceptual) forms of background knowledge as productive metaphors that perform the functions of methodological heuristics and the integration of scientific knowledge into culture (M. Foucault, L. Laudan, et al.). The article concludes that there is the peculiar bifunctionality of the cultural valuein relation to science. On the one hand, science itself is a fundamental value in modern culture, although its impact on social life is ambivalent. On the other hand, the dominant values of risk society influence the formation of a new image of science and its methodological tools.

The transformation from value determination to value realization: the logical dilemma of the Okishio theorem

PurposeDifferent from Marx's analysis of the dialectical relationship between the production and realization of surplus value, the Okishio theorem only shows one aspect of the contradictory movement of the total social capital, that is, the reverse effect of the realization of surplus value on the production of surplus value.Design/methodology/approachThe production of surplus value and the realization of surplus value are simplified into one process. This simplification eliminates the contradiction between the production and realization of surplus value, and the antagonistic contradiction between accumulation and consumption and the antagonistic production-distribution relationship in capitalist society are naturally covered up.FindingsTherefore, it cannot explain the actual expansion way of the falling general rate of profit as the historical development law of capitalism. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the Okishio theorem places the analysis of the general rate of profit back into the social reproduction model with department equilibrium, which points out the significance of wage income to the realization of surplus value and outlines the macro mechanism of the realization of surplus value reacting to the production of surplus value. It also strongly promotes the research progress of the law that the profit rate tends to decline.Originality/valueThe mistake of the Okishio theorem is that the exchange process in the labor market forms the real wage rate. It determines the production price of wage goods, which thereby determines that the production price of capital goods and general rate of profit, the production of surplus value and realization of surplus value are simplified into the same process, and only the value that can be realized is the real value.

185 Opportunities and Challenges of Conducting Grazing Experiments in Pasturelands

Grasslands cover approximately 30% of the world area and research conducted in pasturelands has been crucial to realize the benefits of grassland contributions to livestock production and ecosystem services. The Forage and Grazing Terminology Task Force has developed a list of recommended nomenclature for grazing lands research and this effort has been a landmark to avoid misleading terms in research reports. Other challenges remain. The intrinsic variability of pastureland research data limits the capacity of researchers to detect differences among treatments. In addition, the quantity of resources and labor required by pastureland experiments may lead researchers to decrease the size of experimental units and/or number of replicates, exacerbating the limitations in detecting differences among treatments. In general, experimental units in grazing studies encompass relatively large areas, which may pose a challenge to identifying representative sampling units that reflect the experimental area. The use of indirect measurements to estimate forage mass is a feasible approach to increase the representativeness of forage quantity evaluations. The nutritive value determination of forage samples from grazing studies also has many limitations. The collection of samples representing the animal diet and the methods of nutritive value determination, primarily digestibility, are major areas of concern. For animal performance evaluations, determination of the correct experimental unit has been a frequent issue. Among animal measures, forage intake is one of the most influential factors affecting animal performance and the existent methodology to estimate forage intake by grazing animals has limitations, reducing the accuracy of the results. Development and validation of mathematical models to estimate the benefits of grasslands on livestock performance and ecosystem services are important steps in the evolution of grassland science, but in some cases additional data are needed to support this effort.

How Has Digitalisation Influenced Value in the Music Market?

This paper focuses on how digitalisation has influenced actors’ value determination and value creation in the Swedish music market. It draws on the service-dominant logic (SDL) and the service ecosystem perspective to conceptualise value as co-created through the integration of resources by multiple actors in service exchange, enabled and constrained by institutions and institutional arrangements. Empirically, we draw on a qualitative study of the digitalisation of the Swedish music market that consists of fifty-two interviews with various actors. The findings suggest that digitalisation has influenced service engagement and consequently value creation and determination for various actors, and especially for consumers and producers. This paper contributes by integrating SDL and the service ecosystem perspective into music business research in a novel way to promote a deeper understanding of value, value determination, and value co-creation. This paper also contributes to SDL by suggesting that both value-in-exchange and value-in-use are important aspects of value determination and value co-creation.

Energy Consumption-Based Maintenance Policy Optimization

The optimal predictive, preventive, corrective and opportunistic maintenance policies play an important role in the success of sustainable maintenance operations. This study discusses a new energy efficiency-related maintenance policy optimization method, which is based on failure data and status information from both the physical system and the digital twin-based discrete event simulation. The study presents the functional model, the mathematical model and the solution algorithm. The maintenance optimization method proposed in this paper is made up of four main phases: computation of energy consumption based on the levelized cost of energy, computation of GHG emission, computation of value determination equations and application of the Howard’s policy iteration techniques. The approach was tested with a scenario analysis, where different electricity generation sources were taken into consideration. The computational results validated the optimization method and show that optimized maintenance policies can lead to an average of 38% cost reduction regarding energy consumption related costs. Practical implications of the proposed model and method regard the possibility of finding optimal maintenance policies that can affect the energy consumption and emissions from the operation and maintenance of manufacturing systems.