Study of the effect of electrolyte composition on adhesion and other properties of a coating-base system

Aluminum alloys with electroplated coatings and copper plated in particular gained multiple applications. However, pre-zincate treatment often fails to provide the desired adhesion of the coating. We present the results of studying the effect of the electrolyte composition on the adhesion and other properties of the coating-base system. It is shown that an electrolyte with a reduced content of sulfuric and phosphoric acids can be used for anodizing and the oxide films formed during anodizing are stable in the usual copper-plating sulfuric acid electrolyte which eliminates contact exchange and increases adhesion. The use of a modern scratch-test method provides numerical determination of the values of adhesion of copper coatings. The adhesion value depends on the surface porosity of the oxide film and on the type of anodized alloys. The results can be used to improve the technology of applying copper coatings, both as an independent coating and as an underlayer in multilayer coatings.

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A REVIEW ON ADHESION STRENGTH OF PEO COATINGS BY SCRATCH TEST METHOD

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x18300046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 1830004 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

HOSSEIN SHARIFI ◽

MAHMOOD ALIOFKHAZRAEI ◽

GHASEM BRATAI DARBAND ◽

SUMAN SHRESTHA

Keyword(s):

Critical Load ◽

Adhesion Strength ◽

Normal Load ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Electrolyte Composition ◽

Test Method ◽

Process Time ◽

Plasma Electrolytic ◽

Aluminum Substrates ◽

Peo Coatings

Adhesion strength is one of the important properties that reflects the quality of a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating. Scratch testing can be considered as an appropriate technique to evaluate the adhesion strength of PEO coatings on magnesium, titanium, and aluminum substrates. The scratch test is usually performed either under a constant or a progressively increasing normal load, where the critical load is used as a measure of adhesion strength of the coatings. In this review paper, the effect of different factors such as duration of coating processing, electrolyte composition, and processing current density, as well as different additives to the electrolyte bath, was studied on the adhesion strength of PEO coatings formed on magnesium, titanium, and aluminum substrates. It is understood that an optimum increase in process time and input energy leads to a corresponding increase in thickness of the PEO dense oxide layer and, consequently, an increase in critical load and adhesion strength. Moreover, the electrolyte composition and additives were found to affect the coating microstructure and composition and, subsequently, the coating adhesion strength.

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Tribological evaluation of soft metallic multilayer coatings for wear applications based on a multiple pass scratch test method

Wear ◽

10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 388-389 ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Anand ◽

G. Burmistroviene ◽

I. Tudela ◽

R. Verbickas ◽

G. Lowman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scratch Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Multilayer Coatings ◽

Multiple Pass

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Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2148774 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 201-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. G. Veith

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Test Method ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Main Effect ◽

Systematic Determination ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

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X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc sulfate in acidic zinc plating electrolyte

Industrial laboratory Diagnostics of materials ◽

10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-10-18-22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (10) ◽

pp. 18-22

Author(s):

K. N. Vdovin ◽

K. G. Pivovarova ◽

N. A. Feoktistov ◽

T. B. Ponamareva

Keyword(s):

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Zinc Coating ◽

Electrolyte Composition ◽

Complexometric Titration ◽

X Ray ◽

Fluorescence Determination ◽

Zinc Plating ◽

Zinc Determination

Zinc sulfate is the main component in the composition of the acidic zinc plating electrolyte. Deviation in the electrolyte composition from the optimum content leads to destabilization of the electrolysis process and deteriorate the quality of the resulting zinc coating. The proper quality of a zinc coating obtained by galvanic deposition can be ensured only with timely monitoring and adjustment of the electrolyte composition. A technique of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc (in terms of zinc sulfate) in an acidic zinc plating electrolyte is proposed. The study was carried out using an ARL Quant’X energy dispersive spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with a semiconductor silicon-lithium detector. The features of the spectrometer design are presented. The optimal parameters of excitation and detection of zinc radiation were specified when the electrolyte sample was diluted 1:1000. The ZnKα1 line was used as an analytical line. The plotted calibration graph is linear, the correlation coefficient being 0.999234. The results of zinc determination according to the developed method were compared with the data of the reference method of complexometric titration to prove the reliability of the procedure. The results are characterized by good convergence and accuracy. The proposed method of X-ray fluorescence zinc determination in a zinc plating electrolyte equals complexometric titration in the limiting capabilities and even exceeds the latter in terms of the simplicity of sample preparation and rapidity. The developed method of X-ray fluorescence determination of zinc is implemented in analysis of the electrolyte used in the continuous galvanizing unit at «METSERVIS LLC».

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