Tribological evaluation of soft metallic multilayer coatings for wear applications based on a multiple pass scratch test method

Aluminum alloys with electroplated coatings and copper plated in particular gained multiple applications. However, pre-zincate treatment often fails to provide the desired adhesion of the coating. We present the results of studying the effect of the electrolyte composition on the adhesion and other properties of the coating-base system. It is shown that an electrolyte with a reduced content of sulfuric and phosphoric acids can be used for anodizing and the oxide films formed during anodizing are stable in the usual copper-plating sulfuric acid electrolyte which eliminates contact exchange and increases adhesion. The use of a modern scratch-test method provides numerical determination of the values of adhesion of copper coatings. The adhesion value depends on the surface porosity of the oxide film and on the type of anodized alloys. The results can be used to improve the technology of applying copper coatings, both as an independent coating and as an underlayer in multilayer coatings.

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Scratch test method: Energy dissipation and crack morphology

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J Journal of Engineering Tribology ◽

10.1243/13506501jet328 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 222 (3) ◽

pp. 211-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S Krenn ◽

E Badisch ◽

A Pauschitz

Keyword(s):

Energy Dissipation ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Crack Morphology

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Nanomultilayer Coatings Based on Vanadium Nitride

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 237 ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jerzy Smolik ◽

Adam Mazurkiewicz ◽

Zbigniew Słomka ◽

Jan Bujak ◽

Joanna Kacprzyńska-Gołacka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Multilayer Coating ◽

High Hardness ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Vanadium Nitride ◽

Material Solution

Based on the analysis of the research directions in the field of coatings and layers with special operating properties, the production technologies of composite coatings, including the gradient, multi-layer, and multi-component coatings, should be distinct. The paper presents the results of material properties tests of a multi-layer coating Ti / TiN / TiAlNgradient / (TiAlN/VN)multinano obtained on hot working steel EN X32CrMoV3.3. The preparation of the multilayer coating was specially designed to increase the durability of forging dies in the brass forging process. The authors discuss the results of the microstructure tests for the obtained coatings (STEM+FIB) and present the hardness and Young's modulus as a function of the distance from the surface (nanoHardness Tester CSM) and the results of adhesion tests carried out using a scratch-test method. The obtained multilayer coatings were also subject to a tribological test using a tribometer tester by DUCOM. The authors indicate that the coatings based on vanadium nitride have very high hardness and Young's modulus (HV = 32–35 GPa, E = 420–450 GPa), a much lower coefficient of friction in combination with brass than steel, and a lower stability of these parameters at elevated temperatures. According to the authors, the coating represents an interesting material solution to increase the durability of forging dies in the process of brass forging.

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Influence of Aging Processes on Adhesion Properties of Metallic and Oxidic Thin Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-356-839 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 356 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. R. Ottermann ◽

Y. Tomita ◽

M. Ishiyama ◽

K. Bange

Keyword(s):

Low Voltage ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Chemical Vapour ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Test Method ◽

Film Stress ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Adhesion Properties

AbstractAdhesion of oxidic and metallic films with thicknesses between 40 nm and 350 nm has been investigated by means of a scratch-test method based on a vibrating diamond micro-indenter. SiO2 and TiO2 films are precipitated on fused silica substrates by sol-gel techniques (SG), reactive evaporation (RE), reactive low-voltage ion plating (IP), and plasma impulse chemical vapour deposition (PICVD), and Cr-layers are produced by rf magnetron sputtering (SP). The influence of aging effects on film adhesion is investigated in respect of several conditions, like storage under ambient surroundings with differences in relative humidity or temperature treatment. A method is presented allowing control of the long-term stability of the scratch-test conditions. Temperature treatment up to 600 °C is found to have the most significant impact on adhesion properties. Adhesion increases for some SiO2 films, whereas for TiO2 layers an opposite behavior is observed. Here, the adhesion of the originally amorphous titania films is reduced due to the phase transition to polycrystalline anatase, which correlates with a significant increase in film stress.

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MULTILAYER COATINGS Ti/TiN, Cr/CrN AND W/WN DEPOSITED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ADHESION TO BASE MATERIALS

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/ap.2015.55.0388 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 388 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jakub Horník ◽

Stanislav Krum ◽

David Tondl ◽

Maxim Puchnin ◽

Pavel Sachr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functionally Graded Materials ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Functionally Graded ◽

Point Of View ◽

Multilayer Coatings ◽

Graded Materials ◽

Protective Function ◽

Base Materials ◽

Graded Layers ◽

Graded Material

The paper deals with evaluation of single and multilayer layer PVD coatings based on Cr and Ti widely used in tool application. Additionally, W and WN based coating which are not so widespread were designed and deposited as functionally graded material. The coatings properties were evaluated from the point of view of hardness and adhesion. The hardness measuring was carried out using nanoindentation method. The scratch test was performed to test adhesion. Moreover, the presence of metallic interlayer in functionally graded materials further increases the coating adhesion by gradually approaching its composition to the substrate. Coatings consisting of W and WN have showed very good adhesion. With regard to the results of the scratch test, the multilayer coatings of CrN, TiN and WN have increased adhesion and can be assumed to have their protective function improved. Results will be appliedin development of functionally graded layers for functionally graded materials.

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Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Snow Plow Blade Cutting Edges Using the Scratch Test Method

Journal of Testing and Evaluation ◽

10.1520/jte12110j ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 527 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

DR Petersen ◽

RE Link ◽

Y Wei ◽

WA Nixon ◽

Z Shi

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Blade Cutting

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Electrophoretic deposition of nc-TiO2/chitosan composite coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 stainless steel

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials ◽

10.1515/amm-2017-0063 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 405-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

P. Ledwig ◽

M. Kot ◽

T. Moskalewicz ◽

B. Dubiel

Keyword(s):

Electrophoretic Deposition ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Scratch Test ◽

Test Method ◽

Process Time ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Polarization Test ◽

Chitosan Composite

Abstract This paper presents the results of the optimization of electrophoretic deposition parameters for manufacturing of nc-TiO2/chitosan composite coatings on X2CrNiMo17-12-2 steel as well as characterization of their microstructure, electrochemical properties and adhesion to the substrate. The parameters of the deposition, such as composition, pH and zeta potential of suspensions as well as voltage and process time were investigated. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Obtained coatings were crack-free and uniform. The adhesion strength to the substrate was measured by scratch-test method. The deposited coatings improve corrosion resistance of steel, what was confirmed by the results of the potentiodynamic polarization test in Ringer’s solution.

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