scholarly journals Classification of Chinese Cardinal Numerals Based on the Accuracy and Integrity of the Numbers They Denote

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 194-206
Author(s):  
L.L. Bankova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Member ◽  
Case Based

The article considers the classification of cardinal numerals denoting integer numbers, fractions, multiple and approximate numbers, as well as decimals. Taking into account the critical analysis of the earlier classifications of these numerals, a unique view on the class entry, which is based on such characteristics of the denominated numbers as accuracy and completeness, was suggested. In the former case, based on the quantitative aspect accuracy, all numerals fall into definite and indefinite (followed by singling out of the relevant groups) and the word 半 (bàn ‘half’). As to the indefinite numerals, they are arranged depending on their ability to express numeric and non-numeric quantification. Beyond that, the article considers the problem of defining words that may be recognized as numerals. The solution is suggested to be within the framework of the prototype theory. The theory supposes that there is a core member of the lexico-grammatical category (a prototype) which possesses the full spectrum of typical features. As a result, the article concludes that the words that possess the numeric quantification represent the core of the category of numerals, and the words that possess a non-specific numeric quantification are at the periphery of the category.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Model Comparison for Vision-Based Classification of Full/Empty-Load Trucks in Earthmoving Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Liu ◽  
Chen Feng ◽  
Zida Song ◽  
Joseph Louis ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
The Core ◽  
Dump Trucks ◽  
Deep Learning Model ◽  
Contact Field

Earthmoving is an integral civil engineering operation of significance, and tracking its productivity requires the statistics of loads moved by dump trucks. Since current truck loads’ statistics methods are laborious, costly, and limited in application, this paper presents the framework of a novel, automated, non-contact field earthmoving quantity statistics (FEQS) for projects with large earthmoving demands that use uniform and uncovered trucks. The proposed FEQS framework utilizes field surveillance systems and adopts vision-based deep learning for full/empty-load truck classification as the core work. Since convolutional neural network (CNN) and its transfer learning (TL) forms are popular vision-based deep learning models and numerous in type, a comparison study is conducted to test the framework’s core work feasibility and evaluate the performance of different deep learning models in implementation. The comparison study involved 12 CNN or CNN-TL models in full/empty-load truck classification, and the results revealed that while several provided satisfactory performance, the VGG16-FineTune provided the optimal performance. This proved the core work feasibility of the proposed FEQS framework. Further discussion provides model choice suggestions that CNN-TL models are more feasible than CNN prototypes, and models that adopt different TL methods have advantages in either working accuracy or speed for different tasks.

scholarly journals Structural variant detection in cancer genomes: computational challenges and perspectives for precision oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ianthe A. E. M. van Belzen ◽  
Alexander Schönhuth ◽  
Patrick Kemmeren ◽  
Jayne Y. Hehir-Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Cancer Genomes ◽  
Genomic Aberrations

AbstractCancer is generally characterized by acquired genomic aberrations in a broad spectrum of types and sizes, ranging from single nucleotide variants to structural variants (SVs). At least 30% of cancers have a known pathogenic SV used in diagnosis or treatment stratification. However, research into the role of SVs in cancer has been limited due to difficulties in detection. Biological and computational challenges confound SV detection in cancer samples, including intratumor heterogeneity, polyploidy, and distinguishing tumor-specific SVs from germline and somatic variants present in healthy cells. Classification of tumor-specific SVs is challenging due to inconsistencies in detected breakpoints, derived variant types and biological complexity of some rearrangements. Full-spectrum SV detection with high recall and precision requires integration of multiple algorithms and sequencing technologies to rescue variants that are difficult to resolve through individual methods. Here, we explore current strategies for integrating SV callsets and to enable the use of tumor-specific SVs in precision oncology.

Lexicographer’s Lacunas or How to Deal with Missing Representative Dictionary Forms on the Example of Czech

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Kováříková ◽  
Michal Škrabal ◽  
Václav Cvrček ◽  
Lucie Lukešová ◽  
Jiří Milička
Keyword(s):  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Manual Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Frequency Threshold

Abstract When compiling a list of headwords, every lexicographer comes across words with an unattested representative dictionary form in the data. This study focuses on how to distinguish between the cases when this form is missing due to a lack of data and when there are some systemic or linguistic reasons. We have formulated lexicographic recommendations for different types of such ‘lacunas’ based on our research carried out on Czech written corpora. As a prerequisite, we calculated a frequency threshold to find words that should have the representative form attested in the data. Based on a manual analysis of 2,700 nouns, adjectives and verbs that do not, we drew up a classification of lacunas. The reasons for a missing dictionary form are often associated with limited collocability and non-preference for the representative grammatical category. Findings on unattested word forms also have significant implications for language potentiality.

scholarly journals Developing a Delphi-Based Comprehensive Core Set from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Framework for the Rehabilitation of Patients with Burn Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3970
Author(s):  
Yu-Ru Lin ◽  
Jr-Yi Wang ◽  
Shun-Cheng Chang ◽  
Kwang-Hwa Chang ◽  
Hung-Chou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set

Burn injuries cause disability and functional limitations in daily living. In a 2015 fire explosion in Taiwan, 499 young people sustained burn injuries. The construction of an effective and comprehensive rehabilitation program that enables patients to regain their previous function is imperative. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) includes multiple dimensions that can contribute to meeting this goal. An ICF core set was developed in this study for Taiwanese patients with burns. A consensus process using three rounds of the Delphi technique was employed. A multidisciplinary team of 30 experts from various institutions was formed. The questionnaire used in this study comprised 162 ICF second-level categories relevant to burn injuries. A 5-point Likert scale was used, and participants assigned a weight to the effect of each category on daily activities after burns. The consensus among ratings was assessed using Spearman’s ρ and semi-interquartile range indices. The core set for post-acute SCI was developed from categories that attained a mean score of ≥4.0 in the third round of the Delphi exercise. The core ICF set contained 68 categories. Of these, 19 comprised the component of body functions, 5 comprised body structures, 37 comprised activities and participation, and 7 comprised environmental factors. This preliminary core set offers a comprehensive system for disability assessment and verification following burn injury. The core set provides information for effective rehabilitation strategy setting for patients with burns. Further feasibility and validation studies are required in the future.

scholarly journals Errors, discrepancies and underlying bias in radiology with case examples: a pictorial review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Onder ◽  
Yasin Yarasir ◽  
Aynur Azizova ◽  
Gamze Durhan ◽  
Mehmet Ruhi Onur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Radiology Practice ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Pictorial Review ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Case Based

AbstractInterpretation differences between radiologists and diagnostic errors are significant issues in daily radiology practice. An awareness of errors and their underlying causes can potentially increase the diagnostic performance and reduce individual harm. The aim of this paper is to review both the classification of errors and the underlying biases. Case-based examples are presented and discussed for each type of error and bias to provide greater clarity and understanding.

The Concept and Characteristics of a Legal Action in Civil Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Titov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Relevant Field ◽  
Legal Fact

The purpose of the article is a critical assessment of the established in the legal literature and practice the concept and characteristics of a legal action and criteria for distinguishing legal actions and events. The main problem identified by the author is that, despite the huge number of sources on this subject, jurisprudence has not progressed in the study of this phenomenon since the early 19th century. The definition and characteristics of a legal action «migrate» from one work to another, as a rule, without any critical analysis at all and are taken by lawyers as a given, which leads to stagnation in the development of the relevant field. At the same time, studies of specific varieties of legal actions often reach a deadlock precisely because of the incorrectly defined general characteristics of a legal action. The author defines the classification criterion of differentiation of legal facts, and argues the necessity of two-member division of legal facts into events and actions. It is proved that facts-states cannot be distinguished within the classification of legal facts on the volitional ground and they are not legal facts at all. The concept of legal action and its characteristics are given. The concept of will as a key element of legal action is discussed in the article and it is substantiated that «involuntary» actions are not legal facts. The author analyzes the classification of events into absolute and relative, and offers an algorithm for determining whether a certain legal fact refers to events or actions.

scholarly journals Technology networks: the autocatalytic origins of innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Napolitano ◽  
Evangelos Evangelou ◽  
Emanuele Pugliese ◽  
Paolo Zeppini ◽  
Graham Room
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Source Node ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
The Core ◽  
Source Field ◽  
Patenting Activity ◽  
Positive Spillovers

We analyse the autocatalytic structure of technological networks and evaluate its significance for the dynamics of innovation patenting. To this aim, we define a directed network of technological fields based on the International Patents Classification, in which a source node is connected to a receiver node via a link if patenting activity in the source field anticipates patents in the receiver field in the same region more frequently than we would expect at random. We show that the evolution of the technology network is compatible with the presence of a growing autocatalytic structure, i.e. a portion of the network in which technological fields mutually benefit from being connected to one another. We further show that technological fields in the core of the autocatalytic set display greater fitness, i.e. they tend to appear in a greater number of patents, thus suggesting the presence of positive spillovers as well as positive reinforcement. Finally, we observe that core shifts take place whereby different groups of technology fields alternate within the autocatalytic structure; this points to the importance of recombinant innovation taking place between close as well as distant fields of the hierarchical classification of technological fields.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Current Trends in CBR Research Using Multi-View Clustering

AI Magazine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Greene ◽  
Jill Freyne ◽  
Barry Smyth ◽  
Pádraig Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Case Based

The European Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) in 2008 marked 15 years of international and European CBR conferences where almost seven hundred research papers were published. In this report we review the research themes covered in these papers and identify the topics that are active at the moment. The main mechanism for this analysis is a clustering of the research papers based on both co-citation links and text similarity. It is interesting to note that the core set of papers has attracted citations from almost three thousand papers outside the conference collection so it is clear that the CBR conferences are a sub-part of a much larger whole. It is remarkable that the research themes revealed by this analysis do not map directly to the sub-topics of CBR that might appear in a textbook. Instead they reflect the applications-oriented focus of CBR research, and cover the promising application areas and research challenges that are faced.

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