scholarly journals Non-Specialized Means of Causative Semantics Expression in the Slavic and Germanic Languages (Based on the Lexical Semantic Group of Defense and Protection)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (4–5) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
A.H. Litvinovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Vertical Changes ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
Integral Feature ◽  
Dictionary Definitions ◽  
Category Development ◽  
Causative Verbs

The paper deals with the peculiarities of verbs that convey causative semantics without being specialized for it. The objective of the research is to identify the specific features of Slavic (Russian, Belarusian) and Germanic (English, German) defense and protection verbs with regard to causativity. The study of lexical semantic groups in the aspect of causativity is topical, because it contributes to the specification of causativity as a category. It works towards resolving a controversial causativity theory issue about the scope and boundaries of causative verbs class, as well as helps to reveal some internal laws of the causative category development (gradual nature of the causative category). The following methods were used: contextual, transformational, comparative methods; dictionary definitions analysis, component and distributive analysis. It was found that defense and protection verbs in three (Russian, Belarusian, German) of the four studied languages have units that do not contain a causative component. Within the analyzed lexical semantic group, there are verbs with a high and low degree of causativity (vertical changes of causativity degree). In these two groups, it is possible to identify the units that are able and unable to change the causativity degree in a context (horizontal changes of causativity degree). The gradual character of causativity is an integral feature of the studied Slavic and Germanic verbs. The degree of causativity is their differential trait.

scholarly journals Semantics of verbs of auditory perception in the Erzia and Finnish languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Natalya M. Mosina ◽  
Yulia S. Paksyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Verb Constructions

Introduction. The article studies the semantics of Erzia and Finnish verbs of auditory perception. It considers the meanings of some of the most vividly expressing polysemy of audio verbs and verb constructions. The problem associated with the study of the semantics of the verbs of auditory perception is very relevant. The absence of special works on the topic of the research, as well as its insufficient research in comparative terms, adversely affects the development of lexicology and word formation of Finno-Ugric languages. Materials and methods. The authors employed verbal units that have common semantics of auditory perception in modern Erzia and Finnish languages. They are isolated from the explanatory dictionaries of these languages and examined using descriptive, component and comparative methods. Results and discussion. Given the affinity of the Erzia and Finnish languages, this article classifies the lexical-semantic group on the basis of a semantic characteristics to identify nuclear lexemes in the composition of the verb group, as well as to describe peripheral units. In the course of the analysis it was possible to establish that as a result of polysemy, the verbs and verb constructions of auditory perception in the Erzia and Finnish languages can be a part of several synonymous series. Conclusion. Taking into account the semantic characteristics of verbs and verbal constructions of auditory perception, systematization made it possible to determine a number of nuclear auditory units based on material from distant languages. The study showed that the verbs of auditory perception in the Erzia and Finnish languages have common semantics, and allowed us to identify a number of universal meanings, as well as various semantic nuances in both languages.

The Demonolexis in Yu. Andrukhovych’s Long Short Story “Recreatsii” (“Recreations”)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Nina Bosak
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
The World

The demonolexis in Yu. Andrukhovych’s long short story “Recreatsii” (“Recreations”) has been analyzed in the article. In the course of the research there have been outlined the following lexical-semantic groups of demonomens: toponymic and onomastic names, modified lexemes, names of the rituals, genuine Ukrainian demonomens, obscene words and expressions, demonomens of Biblical origin, names from the world mythology and general demonolexis. The special lexical-semantic group has been formed by non personificated demonomens, which serve to convey the peculiarities of the contemporary Ukrainian writers’ mentality, their habits through speech. Such nomens help to reveal the protagonist’s soul, show the positive and negative sides of his personal ego, demonstrate the duality of the human perception of the world, indicate the causes of phobias, emotions, sensations. Key words: demonolexis, demonomen, lexical-semantic group, non personificated demonomen.

Measuring the alternation strength of causative verbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 219-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Romain
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Object Position ◽  
Causative Alternation ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
Causative Construction ◽  
Qualitative Analyses ◽  
Causative Verbs

Abstract This paper presents a method for quantitative and qualitative analyses of the causative alternation in English, where verbs may alternate between a transitive (causative) construction (Santa crinkled his eyes) and an intransitive (non-causative) construction (His eyes crinkled).1 The aim of this paper is to present a method designed to measure the alternation strength of causative verbs, i.e. the extent to which they alternate between the two constructions. One of the central elements this paper investigates is the Theme, i.e. the participant that is in subject position in the intransitive construction and object position in the transitive construction. A distinctive collostructional analysis (Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004) shows that certain verbs are significantly attracted to one of either two constructions while others are equivalently distributed in the two constructions. However, after careful analysis it appears that very few Themes actually overlap between the two constructions (Lemmens forthcoming) which indicates that each construction seems to be rather restrictive regarding which Themes they recruit. The low degree of alternation of the Themes leads us to ask ourselves the extent to which the alternation is part of a speaker’s knowledge of their language.

scholarly journals Lexical polysemy and homonymy in the Middle High German language in light of the problematic of lexical synonymy and lexical-semantic analysis

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Andreevna Fomicheva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
German Language ◽  
Middle High German ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Polysemous Word ◽  
Chivalric Romance ◽  
Lexical Polysemy ◽  
Dictionary Definitions

Based on the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language, this article reviews the problem of lexical polysemy in relation to the phenomena of homonymy and synonymy, as well as the problem of structural description of lexis. The need for comprehensive examination of polysemous lexemes in the Middle High German language, which includes structural analysis of the meaning of polysemous word and the lexical-thematic group and/or synonymic row it belongs to, well as the study of contextual implementation of the meanings of polysemous word, is substantiated by the principle of diffusivity of meanings of polysemous word that complicates comprising dictionary definitions and creates difficulties for the researcher in distinguishing the meanings of a polysemous word and separating polysemy from homonymy. Based on the example of lexical-thematic group for denomination of edged weapon in the Middle High German Language, the author demonstrates the appropriateness of using lexical-semantic analysis for establishing systemic relations between the analyzed lexemes, as well as postulates the importance of the context in determination of the structure of polysemous word. Discussion of the given examples from the compositions of pre-courteous epic poetry and chivalric romance written in the Middle High German language is accompanied by the author’s clarifications to the dictionary definitions of the lexemes under review. The conclusion is made on feasibility of the authorial approach towards detection of the discrepancies between lexicographic data and use of the lexeme in the texts written in the Middle High German language. The author also believes that this research is valuable from the perspective of lexicographic practice.

scholarly journals Rosyjskie złożenia z formantem paradygmatycznym w grupie leksykalno-semantycznej „Nazwy osób, wyodrębnione ze względu na zawód lub rodzaj działalności” i ich polskie odpowiedniki

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Królikowska
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Compound Nouns Formed with Paradigmatic Formant in the Lexical-Semantic Group “The Names of People Related to Their Profession” in Russian Language and Their Polish EquivalentsThe scientific goal of this article is to examine the vocabulary in analogic lexical-semantic groups taken from two Slavic languages — Russian and Polish — in terms of word-formative and non-word­-formative ways of nominations. The subject of research is the names of people, related to their profes­sion, occupation, specialty, type of occupation, the nature of business. The basis for the selection of the material is The Russian Semantic Dictionary ed. N.Y. Shvedova. From over 2750 names in Russian, one type of derivates — compound nouns formed with paradigmatic formant — has been chosen for further analysis 82 words. The Polish equivalents 96 words and expressions have been divided into two groups: motivated words 63 words and broadly defined unmotivated words and expressions, which represent non-word-formative ways of nominations 33 examples, such as native words 4, loanwords 3, compound names 20 and descriptive translations, when lexical equivalents could not be found 6. One type of derivate in the Russian lexical group and the variety of equivalents in Polish show the differences in terms of ways of nominations in parallel lexical groups in both languages.Сложения с нулевым суффиксомв лексико-семантической группе «Назвния лиц по профессии» в русском языке и их польские эквивалентыЦелью данной статьи является анализ типов польских эквивалентов для сложений с ну­левым суффиксом, выступающих в лексико-семантической группе «Названия лиц по про­фессии, специальности, роду занятий, характеру деятельности» в русском языке. Базой для отбора материала послужил Русский семантический словарь под ред. Н.Ю. Шведовой. Среди около 2750 слов в этой группе, 82 — сложения с нулевым суффиксом. Их польские семанти­ческе эквиваленты 96 слов и выражений можно разделить на две группы: мотивированные слова 63 как результат словообразовательного способа номинации и слова и выражения, ко­торые представляют собой несловообразовательные способы номинации 33: исконные сло­ва 4, заимствования 3, составные наименования 20 и описательные переводы 6, приво­димые в случае, когда в польском языке нет лексического соответствия. Такая разновидность эквивалентов в польском языке для одного типа дериватов в русском языке свидетельствует о том, что в обоих языках по-разному реализованы механизмы номинаци в рамках параллель­ных лексико-семантических групп.

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