A Preliminary Identification of Morphological Indicators of Field Performance in Bare-Root Nursery Stock

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

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Container and root treatments affect growth and root form of planted ponderosa pine

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x78-036 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peyton W. Owston ◽

K. W. Seidel

Keyword(s):

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Field Performance ◽

Root Systems ◽

Average Height ◽

Container Seedlings ◽

Bare Root ◽

One Year

Field performance and root form of container-grown Pinnsponderosa Laws. seedlings were studied after application of three treatments and compared with untreated bare-root seedlings. One-year-old seedlings grown in 1.9-ℓ milk carton containers were treated by (1) removing the bottom of the container, (2) removing the whole container, and (3) removing the whole container and cutting spiralled roots off at the bottom of the surface of the root ball. Survival was excellent for trees of all treatments. Bare-root seedlings grew most in height the first season, but after 5 years, the average height of container seedlings was greater than for bare-root trees. Seedlings with container removed and roots cut were tallest and had root systems that appeared sturdiest. Most of these had well developed taproots and good outward growth of laterals with little spiralling. Aborted or kinked taproots and spiralled laterals were often found where only the bottom of the container had been removed.

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The Status of Container Planting in Western Canada

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc46466-6 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 466-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. M. Kinghorn

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Field Trials ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Western Canada ◽

Planting Methods ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

The Status ◽

Bare Root ◽

Forest Renewal ◽

Biological Advantage

Canada's western provinces must develop new reforestation techniques if forest management is to be intensified, and if forest renewal is to keep pace with the accelerated rate of harvesting. The challenge can be met if labor productivity is significantly increased through mechanization of planting. Container planting methods can improve manual planting performance and provide the basis for ultimate mechanization.Container planting methods as developed in Canada may be defined as reforestation systems whereby tree seedlings are grown, transported and planted in small containers. Several types, sizes and shapes of containers are being investigated but, for reasons of economy in bulk and weight, all are characterized by a tiny soil capacity usually not exceeding three cubic inches. The small size and uniform shape of container-grown seedlings permits manual planting rates two to three times faster than those possible by mattock planting conventional bare-root nursery stock. The principal biological advantage of container methods is the capability of protecting the seedling and delivering it to the planting site with all of its roots intact and viable.Large-scale container field trials are underway in all four provinces, but few conclusive results are yet available. Deficiencies in containers or techniques that have come to light are being overcome. As biologically acceptable methods emerge, efforts should be channelled toward developing equipment for automating and mechanizing both the nursery and planting phases.

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Midwestern Retail Garden Centers Identify Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction with Supplying Wholesale Nurseries

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-16.4.243 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 243-247

Author(s):

J.K. Iles ◽

W.R. Graves ◽

A.S. Aiello ◽

C.L. Haynes ◽

K.E. Stone

Keyword(s):

Plant Materials ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Herbaceous Perennials ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Root Stock ◽

Bare Root ◽

In Transit ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Wide Assortment

Abstract A survey was conducted to assess the attitudes of Midwestern retail nursery operators concerning current marketing, promotion, sales, and service practices of their wholesale nursery stock suppliers. Completed questionnaires were received from 290 individuals (42.2% response rate). Respondents indicated quality of plant materials (96.5%), availability of plant materials in desired quantities (67.8%), wide assortment of plant materials (53.5%), and price of nursery stock (40.3%) were very important reasons for conducting business with a wholesale supplier. The majority of respondents said they were ‘very satisfied’ with the condition of bare-root trees and shrubs (75.1%), bedding plants (72.9%), herbaceous perennials and ornamental grasses (72.2%), container-grown trees and shrubs (72.0%), and balled-and-burlapped trees and shrubs (67.4%) shipped by their wholesale supplier. Over one-half (56.5%) also said they were ‘very satisfied’ with aquatic plant shipments. On those occasions when plants arrived in unsatisfactory condition, the most frequently cited problems were, dry bare-root stock (34.4%), physically damaged container-grown stock (56.0%) and balled-and-burlapped stock (40.0%), undersized herbaceous plants (20.3%), and aquatic plants damaged in transit (12.1 %). In general, retailers were most favorably impressed with the respectful and helpful way wholesalers attempted to meet their business needs (57.1%). Retailers were most frustrated with shortages, unauthorized substitutions, and last-minute cancellations (31.9%).

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Nursery Cultural Practices and Morphological Attributes of Longleaf Pine Bare-Root Stock as Indicators of Early Field Performance

10.2172/781612 ◽

1990 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Cultural Practices ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Field Performance ◽

Morphological Attributes ◽

Root Stock ◽

Bare Root

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Early Field Performance of Loblolly Pine Seedlings with Pisolithus Tinctorius Ectomycorrhizae on Two Lower Coastal Plain Sites

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/7.3.149 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 149-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gregory N. Leach ◽

Homer H. Gresham

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Field Performance ◽

Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Bare Root ◽

Pinus Taeda L ◽

Lower Coastal Plain ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

Abstract Bare root seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (Pt) ectomycorrhizae were outplanted on typical reforestation sites in the lower coastal plain in Florida and Georgia. After two growing seasons, survival and height growth of seedlings with heavy Pt colonization at planting were not significantly different from control seedlings naturally infected with other ectomycorrhizae. Mycelial inoculum added to the nursery soil resulted in greater Pt colonization of seedlings than basidiospore inoculum applied in an inert coating on encapsulated seed.

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Ectomycorrhizal formation and plantation performance of Douglas-fir nursery stock inoculated with Rhizopogon spores

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-100 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 613-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Michael A. Castellano ◽

James M. Trappe

Keyword(s):

Application Rate ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Seed Source ◽

Stem Height ◽

Conifer Species ◽

Root Collar Diameter ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Bare Root ◽

Root Collar

Basidiospores of seven species of hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inoculated on four conifer species in a bare-root nursery. Inoculation with either Rhizopogonvinicolor Smith or Rhizopogoncolossus Smith succeeded with two provenances of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco). For R. vinicolor, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings. For R. colossus, the high spore-application rate produced the most mycorrhizae on the greatest number of seedlings of seed source 062, whereas the medium rate did better with seed source 252. Stem height and root collar diameter of seedling did not differ significantly between treatments and controls. Douglas-fir seedlings inoculated or not inoculated with spores of R. vinicolor were outplanted in southwestern Oregon. After 2 years, inoculated seedlings had significantly greater survival, stem height, root collar diameter, and biomass than noninoculated seedlings. Although new feeder roots of both noninoculated and inoculated seedlings were colonized by indigenous fungi, R. vinicolor persisted on the old root systems of inoculated seedlings and colonized new feeder roots.

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