scholarly journals Low 2016/17 season vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H3N2) among elderly: awareness warranted for 2017/18 season

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rondy ◽  
Alin Gherasim ◽  
Itziar Casado ◽  
Odile Launay ◽  
Caterina Rizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Vaccine Component ◽  
H3n2 Vaccine ◽  
Hospital Study ◽  
Health Experts

In a multicentre European hospital study we measured influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against A(H3N2) in 2016/17. Adjusted IVE was 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1 to 31) overall; 25% (95% CI: 2 to 43) among 65–79-year-olds and 13% (95% CI: −15 to 30) among those ≥ 80 years. As the A(H3N2) vaccine component has not changed for 2017/18, physicians and public health experts should be aware that IVE could be low where A(H3N2) viruses predominate.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness by A(H3N2) Phylogenetic Subcluster and Prior Vaccination History: 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 Epidemics in Canada

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Siobhan Leir ◽  
Suzana Sabaiduc ◽  
Catharine Chambers ◽  
Macy Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
H3n2 Vaccine

Abstract Background The influenza A(H3N2) vaccine was updated from clade 3C.3a in 2015–2016 to 3C.2a for 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Circulating 3C.2a viruses showed considerable hemagglutinin glycoprotein diversification and the egg-adapted vaccine also bore mutations. Methods Vaccine effectiveness (VE) in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 was assessed by test-negative design, explored by A(H3N2) phylogenetic subcluster and prior season’s vaccination history. Results In 2016–2017, A(H3N2) VE was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%–50%), comparable with (43%; 95% CI, 24%–58%) or without (33%; 95% CI, −21% to 62%) prior season’s vaccination. In 2017–2018, VE was 14% (95% CI, −8% to 31%), lower with (9%; 95% CI, −18% to 30%) versus without (45%; 95% CI, −7% to 71%) prior season’s vaccination. In 2016–2017, VE against predominant clade 3C.2a1 viruses was 33% (95% CI, 11%–50%): 18% (95% CI, −40% to 52%) for 3C.2a1a defined by a pivotal T135K loss of glycosylation; 60% (95% CI, 19%–81%) for 3C.2a1b (without T135K); and 31% (95% CI, 2%–51%) for other 3C.2a1 variants (with/without T135K). VE against 3C.2a2 viruses was 45% (95% CI, 2%–70%) in 2016–2017 but 15% (95% CI, −7% to 33%) in 2017–2018 when 3C.2a2 predominated. VE against 3C.2a1b in 2017–2018 was 37% (95% CI, −57% to 75%), lower at 12% (95% CI, −129% to 67%) for a new 3C.2a1b subcluster (n = 28) also bearing T135K. Conclusions Exploring VE by phylogenetic subcluster and prior vaccination history reveals informative heterogeneity. Pivotal mutations affecting glycosylation sites, and repeat vaccination using unchanged antigen, may reduce VE.

scholarly journals Should Sex Be Considered an Effect Modifier in the Evaluation of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Chambers ◽  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Caren Rose ◽  
Gaston De Serres ◽  
Anne-Luise Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Potential Interactions

Abstract We investigated sex as a potential modifier of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) between 2010–2011 and 2016–2017 in Canada. Overall VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 55%) for females and 38% (95% CI, 28% to 46%) for males (absolute difference [AD], 11%; P = .03). Sex differences were greatest for influenza A(H3N2) (AD, 17%; P = .07) and B(Victoria) (AD, 20%; P = .08) compared with A(H1N1)pdm09 (AD, 10%; P = .19) or B(Yamagata) (AD, –3%; P = .68). They were also more pronounced in older adults ≥50 years (AD, 19%; P = .03) compared with those <20 years (AD, 4%; P = .74) or 20–49 years (AD, –1%; P = .90) but with variation by subtype/lineage. More definitive investigations of VE by sex and age are warranted to elucidate these potential interactions.

scholarly journals Interim estimates of 2019/20 vaccine effectiveness during early-season co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, Canada, February 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Macy Zou ◽  
Suzana Sabaiduc ◽  
Michelle Murti ◽  
Romy Olsha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Influenza Illness

Interim results from Canada's Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network show that during a season characterised by early co-circulation of influenza A and B viruses, the 2019/20 influenza vaccine has provided substantial protection against medically-attended influenza illness. Adjusted VE overall was 58% (95% confidence interval (CI): 47 to 66): 44% (95% CI: 26 to 58) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 62% (95% CI: 37 to 77) for A(H3N2) and 69% (95% CI: 57 to 77) for influenza B viruses, predominantly B/Victoria lineage.

scholarly journals Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A in children based on the results of various rapid influenza tests in the 2018/19 season

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249005
Author(s):  
Masayoshi Shinjoh ◽  
Norio Sugaya ◽  
Yoshio Yamaguchi ◽  
Ichiro Ookawara ◽  
Yuji Nakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

During influenza epidemics, Japanese clinicians routinely conduct rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in patients with influenza-like illness, and patients with positive test results are treated with anti-influenza drugs within 48 h after the onset of illness. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children (6 months–15 years old, N = 4243), using a test-negative case-control design based on the results of RIDTs in the 2018/19 season. The VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm and A(H3N2) was analyzed separately using an RIDT kit specifically for detecting A(H1N1)pdm09. The adjusted VE against combined influenza A (H1N1pdm and H3N2) and against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%–46%) and 74% (95% CI, 39%–89%), respectively. By contrast, the VE against non-A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza A (presumed to be H3N2) was very low at 7%. The adjusted VE for preventing hospitalization was 56% (95% CI, 16%–77%) against influenza A. The VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was consistently high in our studies. By contrast, the VE against A(H3N2) was low not only in adults but also in children in the 2018/19 season.

scholarly journals Interim estimates of 2016/17 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2), Canada, January 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Catharine Chambers ◽  
Suzana Sabaiduc ◽  
James A Dickinson ◽  
Anne-Luise Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Over Time

Using a test-negative design, the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) assessed interim 2016/17 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against dominant influenza A(H3N2) viruses considered antigenically matched to the clade 3C.2a vaccine strain. Sequence analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in emerging 3C.2a1 variants by province and over time. Adjusted VE was 42% (95% confidence interval: 18–59%) overall, with variation by province. Interim virological and VE findings reported here warrant further investigation to inform potential vaccine reformulation.

scholarly journals Low Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against A(H3N2)-Associated Hospitalizations in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 of the Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily T Martin ◽  
Caroline Cheng ◽  
Joshua G Petrie ◽  
Elif Alyanak ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H3n2 Vaccine ◽  
Antigenic Epitopes

Abstract Background The 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 influenza seasons were notable for the high number of hospitalizations for influenza A(H3N2) despite vaccine and circulating strain match. Methods We evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalization in the test-negative HAIVEN study. Nasal-throat swabs were tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza and VE was determined based on odds of vaccination by generalized estimating equations. Vaccine-specific antibody was measured in a subset of enrollees. Results A total of 6129 adults were enrolled from 10 hospitals. Adjusted VE against A(H3N2) was 22.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3% to 35.0%), pooled across both years and 49.4% (95% CI, 34.3% to 61.1%) against B/Yamagata. In 2017–2018, the A(H3N2) VE point estimate for the cell-based vaccine was 43.0% (95% CI, −36.3% to 76.1%; 56 vaccine recipients) compared to 24.0% (95% CI, 3.9% to 39.9%) for egg-based vaccines. Among 643 with serology data, hemagglutinin antibodies against the egg-based A(H3N2) vaccine strain were increased in influenza-negative individuals. Conclusions Low VE for the A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 vaccine virus in both A(H3N2) seasons emphasizes concerns for continued changes in H3N2 antigenic epitopes, including changes that may impact glycosylation and ultimately reduce VE.

scholarly journals Spread of Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses and Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States During the 2018–2019 Season

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Flannery ◽  
Rebecca J Garten Kondor ◽  
Jessie R Chung ◽  
Manjusha Gaglani ◽  
Michael Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Vaccine Component ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H3n2 Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Specimens

Abstract Background Increased illness due to antigenically drifted A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a influenza viruses prompted concerns about vaccine effectiveness (VE) and vaccine strain selection. We used US virologic surveillance and US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network data to evaluate consequences of this clade. Methods Distribution of influenza viruses was described using virologic surveillance data. The Flu VE Network enrolled ambulatory care patients aged ≥6 months with acute respiratory illness at 5 sites. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza by means of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and were sequenced. Using a test-negative design, we estimated VE, comparing the odds of influenza among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants. Results During the 2018–2019 influenza season, A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses caused an increasing proportion of influenza cases. Among 2763 Flu VE Network case patients, 1325 (48%) were infected with A(H1N1)pdm09 and 1350 (49%) with A(H3N2); clade 3C.3a accounted for 977 (93%) of 1054 sequenced A(H3N2) viruses. VE was 44% (95% confidence interval, 37%–51%) against A(H1N1)pdm09 and 9% (−4% to 20%) against A(H3N2); VE was 5% (−10% to 19%) against A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses. Conclusions The predominance of A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a viruses during the latter part of the 2018–2019 season was associated with decreased VE, supporting the A(H3N2) vaccine component update for 2019–2020 northern hemisphere influenza vaccines.

scholarly journals Interim effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccine in a season dominated by lineage mismatched influenza B, northern Spain, 2017/18

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Castilla ◽  
Ana Navascués ◽  
Itziar Casado ◽  
Alejandra Pérez-García ◽  
Aitziber Aguinaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

The 2017/18 interim estimate of trivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 39% (95% confidence interval: 20–54) in Navarre. Compared with individuals unvaccinated in the current and five previous seasons, VE against influenza B was 41% for current and any prior doses, 67% for current vaccination only, and 22% for any prior doses, and 43%, 51% and 54%, respectively against influenza A(H3N2). This suggests moderate VE despite predominance of lineage mismatched influenza B.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness and Waning Effect in Hospitalized Older Adults. Valencia Region, Spain, 2018/2019 Season

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Ainara Mira-Iglesias ◽  
F. Xavier López-Labrador ◽  
Javier García-Rubio ◽  
Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá ◽  
Miguel Tortajada-Girbés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Registries ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Hospitalized Older Adults

Influenza vaccination is annually recommended for specific populations at risk, such as older adults. We estimated the 2018/2019 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) overall, by influenza subtype, type of vaccine, and by time elapsed since vaccination among subjects 65 years old or over in a multicenter prospective study in the Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses (VAHNSI, Spain). Information about potential confounders was obtained from clinical registries and/or by interviewing patients and vaccination details were only ascertained by registries. A test-negative design was performed in order to estimate IVE. As a result, IVE was estimated at 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): (16%, 66%)), 41% (95% CI: (−34%, 74%)), and 45% (95% CI: (7%, 67%)) against overall influenza, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. An intra-seasonal not relevant waning effect was detected. The IVE for the adjuvanted vaccine in ≥75 years old was 45% (2%, 69%) and for the non-adjuvanted vaccine in 65–74 years old was 59% (−16%, 86%). Thus, our data revealed moderate vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) and not significant against A(H1N1)pdm09. Significant protection was conferred by the adjuvanted vaccine to patients ≥75 years old. Moreover, an intra-seasonal not relevant waning effect was detected, and a not significant IVE decreasing trend was observed over time.

scholarly journals Interim estimates of 2015/16 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Canada, February 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharine Chambers ◽  
Danuta M Skowronski ◽  
Suzana Sabaiduc ◽  
Anne Luise Winter ◽  
James A Dickinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

Using a test-negative design, the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN) assessed interim 2015/16 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Adjusted VE showed significant protection of 64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 44–77%) overall and 56% (95%CI: 26–73%) for adults between 20 and 64 years-old against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 illness. Among the 67 A(H1N1)pdm09-positive specimens that were successfully sequenced, 62 (> 90%) belonged to the emerging genetic 6B.1 subclade, defined by S162N (potential gain of glycosylation) and I216T mutations in the haemagglutinin protein. Findings from the Canadian SPSN indicate that the 2015/16 northern hemisphere vaccine provided significant protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 illness despite genetic evolution in circulating viruses.

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