scholarly journals Exotic dried fruits caused Salmonella Agbeni outbreak with severe clinical presentation, Norway, December 2018 to March 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽  
Lin T Brandal ◽  
Emily MacDonald ◽  
Umaer Naseer ◽  
Pawel Stefanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Dried Fruits ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Infections ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
Control Study

We describe an outbreak of Salmonella Agbeni sequence type (ST)2009 infections in Norway. Between 31 December 2018 and 16 March 2019, 56 cases (33 female and 23 male; median age: 50 years, range: 2–91) were reported, of which 21 were hospitalised. Cases were defined as people living in Norway, with laboratory-confirmed infection with S. Agbeni ST2009 and cluster type (CT)2489, reported between 31 December 2018 and 30 March 2019. We conducted a case–control study, with three controls per case (matched by age, sex and municipality), using the Norwegian National Registry. Cases were more likely to have consumed a commercial mix of dried exotic fruits than controls (cases = 8, controls = 31; odds ratio: 50; 95% confidence interval: 3–2,437). The outbreak strain was confirmed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and was isolated from the fruit mix consumed by cases, resulting in withdrawal from the market on 6 March 2019.The fruit mix consisted of fruits from different countries and continents. It was packed in Italy and distributed to several European countries, including Norway. However, no other countries reported cases. This outbreak highlights that dried fruits could represent a risk in terms of food-borne infections, which is of particular concern in ready-to-eat products.

An Outbreak of Salmonella enterica Serotype Litchfield Infection in Australia Linked to Consumption of Contaminated Papaya

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBYN GIBBS ◽  
NEVADA PINGAULT ◽  
TERRY MAZZUCCHELLI ◽  
LYN O'REILLY ◽  
BRIAN MacKENZIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Repeat Analysis ◽  
Control Study

An outbreak of 26 cases of Salmonella Litchfield infection occurred in the states of Western Australia and Queensland between October 2006 and January 2007. A case-control study was conducted with 12 cases and 24 controls, and a significant association was found between illness and consumption of papaya (odds ratio, 32.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.71 to 883.5). Papaya samples were collected from 26 stores in Western Australia, and 9 of 38 samples were contaminated with Salmonella Litchfield. These samples had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles indistinguishable from the outbreak strain. Three farms in Western Australia supplied the contaminated papaya, and two of these farms were inspected. Salmonella Litchfield was not detected in papaya samples, fungal sprays, or water samples from the farms; however, at one farm other serotypes of Salmonella were detected in untreated river water that was used for washing papaya. Only treated potable water should be used for washing fresh produce that is to be eaten raw.

National registry-based case-control study: comorbidity and stroke in young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-M. Bergman ◽  
K. M. Henriksson ◽  
S. Åsberg ◽  
B. Farahmand ◽  
A. Terént
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Stroke In Young

scholarly journals The use of sequential studies in a salmonellosis outbreak linked to continental custard cakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. WARD ◽  
R. ANDREWS ◽  
J. GREGORY ◽  
D. LIGHTFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Birthday Party ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Initial Cohort ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Control Study

We investigated an outbreak of 54 cases of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 9 (STM9) with a specific antibiotic resistance pattern. We used sequential analytic studies: two retrospective cohort studies, a case-control study, and a modified case-control study. An outbreak of salmonellosis due to Salmonella Typhimurium PT9 SSu (resistant to streptomycin and sulphafurazole) was identified. Fifty-four cases had illness onset from November 1998 to March 1999. Notifications commenced following a restaurant birthday party in December 1998. An initial cohort and case control study found no association with consumption of custard cake. However, case follow-up identified another cohort of people who had attended a birthday party in February at which 8/27 people who consumed a continental custard cake were ill compared to 0/10 who did not (P = 0.07). A revised case control study found illness was strongly associated with consumption of a particular continental custard cake (Mantel–Haenszel matched OR ∞, P = 0.00004). This report highlights the epidemiological value of using sequential study types, and persisting with the investigation of apparently sporadic food-borne outbreaks.

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Clinical Features of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary M. Babcock ◽  
Liana R. Merz ◽  
Erik R. Dubberke ◽  
Victoria J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Study

Background.The symptoms of influenza infection in outpatients are well described. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of an influenza-like illness (ILI) includes fever and cough or sore throat. Few data exist on the clinical presentation of influenza in hospitalized patients, which may be distinct from the clinical presentation of influenza in ambulatory patients because of underlying medical conditions and medications.Design.Retrospective case-control study.Setting.A 1,250-bed urban teaching hospital.Patients.A total of 369 patients were admitted to the general medicine wards during 3 consecutive influenza seasons (2001-2004): 123 case patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza that was diagnosed during routine medical care and 246 control patients with active surveillance culture results negative for influenza.Methods.Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and signs and symptoms were obtained from a review of the medical records of the case and control patients. Analysis included stratified analysis and logistic regression.Results.Cough, coryza, sore throat, and fever were more common in patients with influenza infection. The CDC's definition of an ILI had a sensitivity of 43% and specificity of 86% in the study population, with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-7.8). The sensitivity of the CDC's definition of an ILI decreased to 21% among asthmatic patients, who had similar rates of fever and/or ILI with or without influenza. By logistic regression, ILI was strongly associated with influenza infection in patients without asthma (adjusted OR, 7.5 [95% CI, 4.1-13.7]) but not in patients with asthma (adjusted OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.13-10]). The positive predictive value of an ILI in asthmatic patients was 50%.Conclusions.The CDC's definition of an ILI lacks sensitivity among hospitalized patients, and the presence of an ILI is not associated with influenza infection in asthmatic patients.

Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation of Uterine Rupture in the Unscarred Uterus: A Case Control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pinton ◽  
Eric Boudier ◽  
Arnaud Joal ◽  
Nicolas Sananes ◽  
Francois Severac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Uterine Rupture ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals First general outbreak of Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in Denmark

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Jensen ◽  
S Ethelberg ◽  
A Gervelmeyer ◽  
E M Nielsen ◽  
K EP Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Control Study

This report describes the first general outbreak of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) in Denmark. Twenty five patients, 18 children and seven adults, with culture-confirmed VTEC O157:H- infection and indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA profiles, were identified during a six month period from September 2003 to March 2004. The outbreak strain possessed the virulence genes: eae, vtx1 and vtx2c. All patients but one presented with diarrhoea; none developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The outbreak was restricted to Copenhagen and surrounding areas. A case-control study including 11 cases and 55 matched controls revealed an association between VTEC O157:H- infection and shopping in a specific supermarket chain in Copenhagen and surrounding area, matched odds ratio (OR): 8.7 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1-71). After exclusion of three assumed secondary cases, only consumption of a particular kind of organic milk from a small dairy was associated with disease OR: 8.7 (95% CI 1.6-48). Environmental and microbiological investigations at the suspected dairy did not confirm the presence of the outbreak strain, but the outbreak stopped once the dairy was closed and thoroughly cleaned.

Clinical presentation of gallstone disease: Evidence from a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
ManishK Goel ◽  
Deepak Dhamnetiya ◽  
BalRaj Dhiman ◽  
OmP Pathania
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study
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