scholarly journals Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with influenza A(H7N9) virus in Jiangsu Province, China, 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ai ◽  
Y Huang ◽  
K Xu ◽  
D Ren ◽  
X Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Control Study

Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Shanghai, China, 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (9) ◽  
pp. 1826-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LI ◽  
J. CHEN ◽  
G. YANG ◽  
Y. X. ZHENG ◽  
S. H. MAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
H7n9 Virus ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
H7n9 Infection ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe first human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus was reported in Shanghai, China in March 2013. An additional 32 cases of human H7N9 infection were identified in the following months from March to April 2013 in Shanghai. Here we conducted a case-control study of the patients with H7N9 infection (n = 25) using controls matched by age, sex, and residence to determine risk factors for H7N9 infection. Our findings suggest that chronic disease and frequency of visiting a live poultry market (>10 times, or 1–9 times during the 2 weeks before illness onset) were likely to be significantly associated with H7N9 infection, with the odds ratios being 4·07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·32–12·56], 10·61 (95% CI 1·85–60·74), and 3·76 (95% CI 1·31–10·79), respectively. Effective strategies for live poultry market control should be reinforced and ongoing education of the public is warranted to promote behavioural changes that can help to eliminate direct or indirect contact with influenza A(H7N9) virus.

scholarly journals Risk-factors for human infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi: a case-control study in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-M. Kim ◽  
K.Y. Kim ◽  
H.S. Nam ◽  
S.S. Kweon ◽  
M.-Y. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Influenza A(H7N9) Disease in China, a Matched Case Control Study, October 2014 to April 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Ruiqi Ren ◽  
Jianming Ou ◽  
Min Kang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Live Poultry ◽  
H7n9 Infection ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background.  Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been associated with exposure to poultry and live poultry markets (LPMs). We conducted a case-control study to identify additional and more specific risk factors. Methods.  Cases were laboratory-confirmed A(H7N9) infections in persons in China reported from October 1, 2014 to April 30, 2015. Poultry workers, those with insufficient data, and those refusing participation were excluded. We matched up to 4 controls per case by sex, age, and residential community. Using conditional logistic regression, we examined associations between A(H7N9) infection and potential risk factors. Results.  Eighty-five cases and 334 controls were enrolled with similar demographic characteristics. Increased risk of A(H7N9) infection was associated with the following: visiting LPMs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–15.3), direct contact with live poultry in LPMs (aOR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.6), stopping at a live poultry stall when visiting LPMs (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–6.9), raising backyard poultry at home (aOR, 7.7; 95% CI, 2.0–30.5), direct contact with backyard poultry (aOR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.1–22.1), and having ≥1 chronic disease (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.5). Conclusions.  Our study identified raising backyard poultry at home as a risk factor for illness with A(H7N9), suggesting the need for enhanced avian influenza surveillance in rural areas.

scholarly journals Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors for Human Infection with a New Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Nipah Virus, during a 1998–1999 Outbreak of Severe Encephalitis in Malaysia

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 1755-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh D. Parashar ◽  
Lye Munn Sunn ◽  
Flora Ong ◽  
Anthony W. Mounts ◽  
Mohamad Taha Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Risk factors for hospital-acquired influenza A and patient characteristics: A matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Yang ◽  
Ni Zhang ◽  
Chunchen Gao ◽  
Hongyan Qin ◽  
Anhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: While hospital-acquired influenza A results in an additional cost burden and considerable mortality in patients, its risk factors are unknown. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients vulnerable to hospital-acquired influenza A and to identify its risk factors to assist clinicians control hospital-acquired infections and reduce the burden of treatment.Methods: A case-control study was conducted among hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years at a tertiary level teaching hospital during the 2018–2019 influenza A season. Patient data were retrieved from hospital-based electronic medical records. Hospital-acquired influenza A was defined as a case of influenza A diagnosed 7 days or more after admission, in a patient with no evidence of influenza A infection on admission. The controls without influenza A were selected among patients exposed to the same setting and time period. We identified risk factors using conditional logistic regression and described the characteristics of hospital-acquired influenza A by comparing the clinical data of infected patients and the controls.Results: Of the 412 hospitalized patients with influenza A from all the departments in the study hospital, 93 (22.6%) cases were classified as hospital-acquired. The most common comorbidities of the 93 cases were hypertension (41.9%), coronary heart disease (21.5%), and cerebrovascular disease (20.4%). Before the onset of hospital-acquired influenza A, patients presented more lymphocytopenia (51.6% vs 35.5%, P=0.027), hypoalbuminemia (78.5% vs 57.0%, P=0.002), and pleural effusion (26.9% vs 9.7%, P=0.002) than the matched controls. Infected patients also had longer hospital stays (18 days vs 14 days, P=0.002), and higher mortality rates (10.8% vs 2.2%, P=0.017) than the matched controls. Lymphocytopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–7.80; P=0.016), hypoalbuminemia (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.10–4.57; P=0.027), and pleural effusion (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.26–7.58; P=0.014) were independently associated with hospital-acquired influenza A.Conclusions: Lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and pleural effusion are independent risk factors that can help identify patients at high risk of hospital-acquired influenza A, which can extend hospital stay and is associated with a high mortality.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hospital-acquired influenza A and patient characteristics: A matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Yang ◽  
Ni Zhang ◽  
Chunchen Gao ◽  
Hongyan Qin ◽  
Anhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: While hospital-acquired influenza A results in an additional cost burden and considerable mortality in patients, its risk factors are unknown. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients vulnerable to hospital-acquired influenza A and to identify its risk factors to assist clinicians control hospital-acquired infections and reduce the burden of treatment.Methods: A case-control study was conducted among hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years at a tertiary level teaching hospital during the 2018–2019 influenza A season. Patient data were retrieved from hospital-based electronic medical records. Hospital-acquired influenza A was defined as a case of influenza A diagnosed 7 days or more after admission, in a patient with no evidence of influenza A infection on admission. The controls without influenza A were selected among patients exposed to the same setting and time period. We identified risk factors using conditional logistic regression and described the characteristics of hospital-acquired influenza A by comparing the clinical data of infected patients and the controls.Results: Of the 412 hospitalized patients with influenza A from all the departments in the study hospital, 93 (22.6%) cases were classified as hospital-acquired. The most common comorbidities of the 93 cases were hypertension (41.9%), coronary heart disease (21.5%), and cerebrovascular disease (20.4%). Before the onset of hospital-acquired influenza A, patients presented more lymphocytopenia (51.6% vs 35.5%, P=0.027), hypoalbuminemia (78.5% vs 57.0%, P=0.002), and pleural effusion (26.9% vs 9.7%, P=0.002) than the matched controls. Infected patients also had longer hospital stays (18 days vs 14 days, P=0.002), and higher mortality rates (10.8% vs 2.2%, P=0.017) than the matched controls. Lymphocytopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–7.80; P=0.016), hypoalbuminemia (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.10–4.57; P=0.027), and pleural effusion (OR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.26–7.58; P=0.014) were independently associated with hospital-acquired influenza A.Conclusions: Lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and pleural effusion are independent risk factors that can help identify patients at high risk of hospital-acquired influenza A, which can extend hospital stay and is associated with a high mortality.

scholarly journals Case‐Control Study of Risk Factors for Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Disease, Hong Kong, 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Mounts ◽  
Heston Kwong ◽  
Hector S. Izurieta ◽  
Yuk‐yin Ho ◽  
Tak‐kwong Au ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals A matched case-control study of risk factors associated with multiple sclerosis in Kuwait

BMC Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel El-Muzaini ◽  
Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Raed Alroughani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Genetic and environmental factors seem to have etiologic roles in multiple sclerosis (MS). Kuwait is regarded as medium to high risk country for MS. However, there is a paucity of published data on the risk factors for MS in Kuwait. Therefore, this matched case-control study examined the association between various factors including family history, stressful life events, exposure to tobacco smoke, vaccination history, comorbidities and MS risk in Kuwait. Methods Confirmed 110 MS cases and age (± 5 years), gender and nationality matched controls (1:1) were enrolled. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data through face-to-face interviews both from cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results Among both cases and controls, majority were Kuwaiti (82.7%), and female (76.4%). Multivariable model showed that cases compared to controls were significantly more likely to have had a family history of MS (adjusted matched odds ratio (mORadj) = 5.1; 95% CI: 2.1–12.4; p < 0.001) or less likely to have been vaccinated against influenza A and B viruses before MS onset (mORadj = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; p = 0.010). None of the other variables considered were significantly related to MS status in this study. Conclusions Family history of MS had significantly direct, whereas, vaccination against influenza A and B viruses had inverse associations with MS status. Future studies may contemplate to verify the observed results.

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