scholarly journals Mumps epidemic in orthodox religious low-vaccination communities in the Netherlands and Canada, 2007 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Wielders ◽  
R S van Binnendijk ◽  
B E Snijders ◽  
G A Tipples ◽  
J Cremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Epidemic Strain ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

We assessed the epidemiological characteristics of a mumps virus epidemic (genotype D) that occurred in the Netherlands between August 2007 and May 2009 and its association with a subsequent mumps outbreak in Canada. In the Netherlands, five data sources were used: notifications (only mandatory since the end of 2008) (56 cases), laboratory confirmation data (177 cases), a sentinel general practitioner (GP) database (275 cases), hospitalisation data (29 cases) and weekly virological reports (96 cases). The median age of cases in the notification, laboratory and GP databases ranged from 13 to 15 years. The proportion of cases that were unvaccinated ranged from 65% to 85% in the notification, laboratory and GP databases. Having orthodox Protestant beliefs was the main reason for not being vaccinated. In Canada, a mumps virus strain indistinguishable from the Dutch epidemic strain was detected between February and October 2008 in an orthodox Protestant community with historical and family links to the affected community in the Netherlands, suggesting that spread to Canada had occurred. Prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases among population subgroups with low vaccination coverage remains a priority.

Recent epidemiological trends in extrapulmonary TB in Galicia, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Ruano-Raviña ◽  
R. Otero-Mallo ◽  
C. Pou-Álvarez ◽  
V. Riveiro-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological trends and characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Galicia, Spain, from 2000 to 2019.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Galician TB information system.RESULTS: Of the total number of TB cases (n = 15,871), 5,428 (34.2%) had EPTB. The absolute number of cases and incidence of EPTB decreased dramatically (from 480 cases and 17.8 cases/100,000 in 2000, to 172 and 6.4 cases/100,000 in 2019, respectively), with a mean annual decrease of respectively 64% and 4.7% for absolute cases and incidence rates. The risk for EPTB was higher in men than in women (RR 3.86, 95% CI 3.66–4.07). The most frequent age group was 15–44 years (2,234 patients, 41.2%); overall reductions per age group were 82% (0–14 years), 75% (15–44 years), 44% (45–64 years) and 63% (≥65 years), with statistically significant differences. The most frequently locations were the pleura (1,916 cases; 35.3%) and the lymph nodes (1,504; 27.7%).CONCLUSION: The incidence of EPTB in Galicia has decreased significantly in the last 20 years. The epidemiological characteristics have not changed, except for the number of patients with risk factors. This improvement of EPTB epidemiological trends coincides with the implementation of the programme for the prevention and control of TB, which suggests that it has been very effective in the control of the EPTB.

Epidemiological characteristics and clinical analyses of chronic cutaneous wounds of inpatients in China: Prevention and control

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-630
Author(s):  
Biao Cheng ◽  
Yufeng Jiang ◽  
Xiaobing Fu ◽  
Daifeng Hao ◽  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cutaneous Wounds ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

scholarly journals Characteristics of confirmed coronavirus disease cases at the south campus of Shanghai East Hospital: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghui Fan ◽  
Lihong Qu ◽  
Zhongliang Guo ◽  
Jianhua Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
The South ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: A fever outpatient clinic at the south campus of Shanghai East Hospital (SEH) openedin response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. We analyzed the data of all 11,972patients who visited the fever clinic and the 29 confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases diagnosed at SEH.Methods: Data were collected from all fever outpatient clinic patients between January 23 and September 30, 2020. We compared the characteristics of confirmed patients, including age, occupation, area, symptoms, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) findings, according to month.Results: By September 30, 2020, 11,972 patients, including 29 (0.24%) confirmed COVID-19 cases, visited the clinic. Four of five confirmed domestic cases identified during January–February 2020 were from Wuhan (mainly elderly retirees and local employees), Hubei. After the epidemic spread internationally, all 22 confirmed cases identified during March–April 2020 were individuals who returned from abroad. They were predominantly young Chinese international students. The sporadic two confirmed cases during May–September 2020 included an employee returning to work from Hubei and an Indian servant from abroad. Symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT findings were consistent with previous reports of COVID-19-positive cases.Conclusions: The characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases at SEH varied among different periods in response to the spread of the pandemic. However, due to the effective early isolation and quarantine measures, no outbreak occurred in SEH, which contributed to the prevention and control of the epidemic in Shanghai.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of General Practitioners Services in Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Zuohua Liu  ◽  
Feiya Li ◽  
Zihan Liu ◽  
Qiuxia Wu ◽  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Weak Links ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Crowd Control ◽  
And Control

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19, various regions of China have been rapidly deployed under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Party to actively prevent and control the COVID-19. The rural areas of my country have weak links to the prevention and management of public health emergencies. Problems include lack of medical and health resources and farmers’ low awareness of epidemic prevention. Situations that correspond to the prevention and management of the COVID-19 are more serious. As the patient’s first contact and “gatekeeper” in the fight against the epidemic, the general practitioner is responsible for the “first visit-subsequent ongoing intervention”. This article is about the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemics and epidemic prevention in terms of dissemination of knowledge, informed crowd control, joint prevention and control, and standardized management of people. This is a summary of the efforts of general practitioners. Quarantine at home, interactive referrals to medical consortiums, special care for contracted families. The function during the management period aims to analyze the role played by general practitioners during the epidemic and to provide new ideas for the prevention and management of the epidemic. Provide more targeted general practitioner-style services in rural areas to promote the implementation and improvement of health and poverty alleviation. The health level of the rural population provides a theoretical standard.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Chen ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Baijun Sun ◽  
Lihai Wen ◽  
Xiangdong An
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results A total of 2314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females(p<0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5–9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak). The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p<0.001). The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3–11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Lin ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Jun Cheng ◽  
Changgui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Control Work ◽  
Clinical Prevention ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractBackgroundThis research is aimed to study the resistance and molecular epidemiological characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).Methodology38 isolated CRKP strains were collected from clinical specimens.ResultsThe resistance rates were more than 70.0%. Ampicillin had the highest rates among them (100.0%). 34 strains (89.5%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaKPC-2 gene, and 3 strains (7.9%) carried blaIMP-4 gene. 36 strains (94.7%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaSHV gene, 29 strains (76.3%) carried blaTEM gene, and 26 strains (68.4%) carried blaCT-M gene. 7 strains (18.4%) among the 38 CRKP strains carried blaDHA-1 gene. 15 strains (39.5%) in 38 CRKP strains lost two fenestra proteins, ompK35 and ompK36, and the rest 23 strains carried ompK36 genes. 38 CRKP strains were divided into five kinds of ST types, with ST11 type as the most (86.8%, 33/38). The rest of the ST types included 2 strains of ST23 (5.3%, 2/38), one strain of ST15, ST1373 and ST1415 (2.6%, 1/38).ConclusionsCRKP resistance is severe, and the mechanism of drug resistance has become increasingly complex. Various ST types and resistance genes are related to CRKP. The clinical prevention and control work is imminent.

scholarly journals Research about the optimal strategies for prevention and control of varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China: based on an SEIR dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-ting Zha ◽  
Feng-rui Pang ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Central City ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Combined Interventions

Abstract Varicella is an acute respiratory infectious diseases, with high transmissibility and quick dissemination. In this study, an SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered) dynamic model was established to explore the optimal prevention and control measures according to the epidemiological characteristics about varicella outbreak in a school in a central city of China. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software were employed for the model simulation and data management, respectively. The result showed that the simulated result of SEIR model agreed well with the reported data when β (infected rate) equal to 0.067. Models showed that the cumulative number of cases was only 13 when isolation adopted when the infected individuals were identified (assuming isolation rate was up to 100%); the cumulative number of cases was only two and the TAR (total attack rate) was 0.56% when the vaccination coefficient reached 50%. The cumulative number of cases did not change significantly with the change of efficiency of ventilation and disinfection, but the peak time was delayed; when δ (vaccination coefficient) = 0.1, m (ventilation efficiency) = 0.7 or δ = 0.2, m = 0.5 or δ = 0.3, m = 0.1 or δ = 0.4 and above, the cumulative number of cases would reduce to one case and TAR would reduce to 0.28% with combined interventions. Varicella outbreak in school could be controlled through strict isolation or vaccination singly; combined interventions have been adopted when the vaccination coefficient was low.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang , China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie Chen ◽  
Ye Chen ◽  
Baijun Sun ◽  
Lihai Wen ◽  
Xiangdong An
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background: Since 2011, there has been an increase in the incidence of scarlet fever across China. The main objective of this study was to depict the spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics of the incidence of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China, in 2018 so as to provide the scientific basis for effective strategies of scarlet control and prevention. Methods: Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the month level and ArcGIS10.3 was used to demonstrate the spatial distribution at the district/county level. Moran’s autocorrelation coefficient was used to examine the spatial autocorrelation and the Getis-Ord statistic was used to determine the hot-spot areas of scarlet fever. Results: A total of 2,314 scarlet fever cases were reported in Shenyang in 2018 with an annual incidence of 31.24 per 100,000. The incidence among males was higher than that among females（p＜0.001). A vast majority of the cases (96.89%) were among children aged 3 to 11 years. The highest incidence was 625.34/100,000 in children aged 5-9 years. In 2018 there were two seasonal peaks of scarlet fever in June (summer-peak) and December (winter-peak).The incidence of scarlet fever in urban areas was significantly higher than that in rural areas(p＜0.001).The incidence of scarlet fever was randomly distributed in Shenyang. There are hotspot areas located in seven districts. Conclusions: Urban areas are the hot spots of scarlet fever and joint prevention and control measures between districts should be applied. Children aged 3-11 are the main source of scarlet fever and therefore the introduction of prevention and control into kindergarten and primary schools may be key to the control of scarlet fever epidemics.

scholarly journals Prevention and control measures of the major cold-region diseases (hypertension) in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Zhenwei Pan ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Tengfei Pan ◽  
Haihai Liang ◽  
Baofeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in clinical practice and a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events. There are more than 270 million hypertension patients in China, and the prevalence of hypertension in the high-latitude cold areas is significantly higher than in the low-latitude warm areas. The unique epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of hypertension in the cold regions of China urge for establishment of the prevention and control system for targeted and more effective management of the condition.

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