scholarly journals Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- in schools associated with imported beef in Poitiers, France, October 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Raguenaud ◽  
S Le Hello ◽  
S Salah ◽  
F X Weill ◽  
A Brisabois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Digestive Symptom ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Subsequent Withdrawal ◽  
Beef Burgers ◽  
Clinical Cases

An outbreak due to the emerging monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- occurred in four schools in Poitiers in October 2010. Food trace-back investigation led to the identification of beef burgers as the cause of the outbreak and their subsequent withdrawal. The Institute for Public Health Surveillance conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation to assess the extent of the outbreak and describe cases. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by students and personnel attending each of the four schools affected. Clinical cases were defined as anyone having eaten at the school when the beef burgers were served and reporting diarrhoea or fever with at least one digestive symptom (nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain), within five days after the incriminated school meal or with unknown date of onset within a 15-day period after the incriminated school meal. Of 1,559 persons exposed, 554 clinical cases were identified corresponding to an overall attack rate of 35.5%. Of 554 clinical cases, a total of 286 (53%) sought medical care and 31 (6%) were hospitalised for more than 24 hours. This multi-school outbreak is one of the biggest food-borne outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- described in France. Prompt notification of cases and rapid identification and withdrawal of the incriminated batch of beef burgers was crucial to limit the extension of this outbreak.

scholarly journals Large outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, the Netherlands, September–November 2005

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kivi ◽  
W van Pelt ◽  
D W Notermans ◽  
A van de Giessen ◽  
W J B Wannet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Large Outbreak

At the end of September 2005, an outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 infections was detected in the Netherlands. From 19 September to 7 November 2005, 165 extra cases of S. Typhimurium DT104 infection were recorded

scholarly journals An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Bruun ◽  
G Sørensen ◽  
L P Forshell ◽  
T Jensen ◽  
K Nygård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Outbreak Investigations ◽  
Minced Meat

In November-December 2008, Norway and Denmark independently identified outbreaks of Salmonella Typhimurium infections characterised in the multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) by a distinct profile. Outbreak investigations were initiated independently in the two countries. In Denmark, a total of 37 cases were identified, and multiple findings of the outbreak strain in pork and pigs within the same supply chain led to the identification of pork in various forms as the source. In Norway, ten cases were identified, and the outbreak investigation quickly indicated meat bought in Sweden as the probable source and the Swedish authorities were alerted. Investigations in Sweden identified four human cases and two isolates from minced meat with the distinct profile. Subsequent trace-back of the meat showed that it most likely originated from Denmark. Through international alert from Norway on 19 December, it became clear that the Danish and Norwegian outbreak strains were identical and, later on, that the source of the outbreaks in all three countries could be traced back to Danish pork. MLVA was instrumental in linking the outbreaks in the different countries and tracing the source. This outbreak illustrates that good international communication channels, early alerting mechanisms, inter-sectoral collaboration between public health and food safety authorities and harmonised molecular typing tools are important for effective identification and management of cross-border outbreaks. Differences in legal requirements for food safety in neighbouring countries may be a challenge in terms of communication with consumers in areas where cross-border shopping is common.

scholarly journals Genotypic and demographic characterization of invasive isolates of Salmonella Typhimurium in HIV co-infected patients in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (08) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen H. Keddy ◽  
Sarika Dwarika ◽  
Penny Crowther ◽  
Olga Perovic ◽  
Jeanette Wadula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

BACKGROUND: Non-typhoidal Salmonella are frequently food-borne zoonotic pathogens that may cause invasive disease in HIV-positive individuals. METHODOLOGY: Invasive isolates (n = 652) of Salmonella Typhimurium from human patients in Gauteng Province of South Africa were investigated for the years 2006 and 2007. Bacteria were identified using standard microbiological techniques and serotyping was performed using commercially available antisera. Susceptibility testing to antimicrobial agents was determined by the E-test. Genotypic relatedness of isolates was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of digested genomic DNA. RESULTS: Forty-five clusters of isolates were identified, of which four (clusters 3, 5, 6 and 11) were major clusters. Most isolates originated from hospital H2 and most were isolated from patients in the age range of 15 to 64 years. Ninety-three percent (213/230) of patients with a known HIV status were HIV-positive. Most isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. The most commonly expressed antibiotic resistance profiles were ACSSuNa (14%; 75/555) and ACSSuTNa (13%; 72/555). Some evidence was found for nosocomial acquisition of isolates. Of the isolates from the major clusters 3, 5, 6, and 11, 33% (8/24), 6% (7/117), 4% (1/26) and 6% (3/52) were of nosocomial origin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In South Africa, Salmonella Typhimurium remains a major opportunistic infection of predominantly HIV-positive patients. Clonally diverse strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics may circulate in patients aged between 15 and 64 years over prolonged periods within the hospital environment, adding to the health care burden.

scholarly journals Large ongoing outbreak of infection with Salmonella Typhimurium U292 in Denmark, February-July 2008

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ethelberg ◽  
A Wingstrand ◽  
T Jensen ◽  
G Sørensen ◽  
L Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Mlva Typing

Denmark is currently experiencing an unusually large outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by Salmonella Typhimurium, phage type U292. The outbreak was discovered in early April by molecular typing (MLVA typing) of S. Typhimurium isolates at the Statens Serum Institut (SSI); the first patients reported onset on illness in February, but the number of reported cases has been particularly high in May and June (Figure 1). There are currently (as of 7 July) 366 confirmed cases, effectively making this the largest outbreak of salmonella infections in Denmark since 1993 [1].

scholarly journals Novel application of the matched case–control design to compare food supply chains during an Escherichia coli O157 outbreak, United Kingdom, 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Inns ◽  
Paul Cleary ◽  
Nick Bundle ◽  
Sarah Foulkes ◽  
Ashley Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Complex Distribution

There is a need for innovative methods to investigate outbreaks of food-borne infection linked to produce with a complex distribution network. The investigation of a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 PT34 infection in the United Kingdom in 2016 indicated that catering venues associated with multiple cases had used salad leaves sourced from one supplier. Our aim was to investigate whether catering venues linked to cases were more likely to have used salad leaves from this supplier. We conducted a matched case–control study, with catering venues as the units of analysis. We compared venues linked to cases to those without known linked cases. We included 43 study pairs and obtained information on salad leaf products received by each venue. The odds of a case venue being supplied with salad leaves by Supplier A were 7.67 times (95% confidence interval: 2.30–25.53) those of control venues. This association provided statistical evidence to support the findings of the other epidemiological investigations undertaken for this outbreak. This is a novel approach which is labour-intensive but which addresses the challenge of investigating exposures to food across a complex distribution network.

Seven Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreaks in Australia Linked by Trace-Back and Whole Genome Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ford ◽  
Qinning Wang ◽  
Russell Stafford ◽  
Kelly-Anne Ressler ◽  
Sophie Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Trace Back

scholarly journals Customizable PCR-Microplate Array for Differential Identification of Multiple Pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1948-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDELA WOUBIT ◽  
TESHOME YEHUALAESHET ◽  
SHERRELLE ROBERTS ◽  
MARTHA GRAHAM ◽  
MOONIL KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Tularensis Subsp ◽  
Differential Identification ◽  
Hot Dog ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Customizable PCR-microplate arrays were developed for the rapid identification of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Saintpaul, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis, Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Yersinia pestis, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Previously, we identified highly specific primers targeting each of these pathogens. Here, we report the development of customizable PCR-microplate arrays for simultaneous identification of the pathogens using the primers identified. A mixed aliquot of genomic DNA from 38 strains was used to validate three PCR-microplate array formats. Identical PCR conditions were used to run all the samples on the three formats. Specific amplifications were obtained on all three custom plates. In preliminary tests performed to evaluate the sensitivity of these assays in samples inoculated in the laboratory with Salmonella Typhimurium, amplifications were obtained from 1 g of beef hot dog inoculated at as low as 9 CFU/ml or from milk inoculated at as low as 78 CFU/ml. Such microplate arrays could be valuable tools for initial identification or secondary confirmation of contamination by these pathogens.

scholarly journals Persistence of S. typhimurium in a large dairy herd

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Giles ◽  
Sheilagh A. Hopper ◽  
C. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Times ◽  
Clinical Cases

SUMMARYSalmonella typhimurium 49a infection in a large dairy herd persisted for 3·5 years. Illness initially occurred in cows and calves but latterly although there were fewer clinical cases milk filters were culturally positive on 26 out of 73 samplings. Three associated human disease incidents occurred. Individual milk samples identified one cow as an excreter and the organism was recovered from the mammary gland of this animal at slaughter. Correlation between calving pattern, the times of calving and the occurrence of positive milk filters suggest that the cow may have been excreting the organism intermittently from the udder for 2·5 years.

scholarly journals Analysis of consumer food purchase data used for outbreak investigations, a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik T Møller ◽  
Kåre Mølbak ◽  
Steen Ethelberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Time Estimate ◽  
Food Purchase ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Outbreak Investigations

Background Investigations of food-borne outbreaks are frequently unsuccessful and new investigation methods should be welcomed. Aim: Describe the use of consumer purchase datasets in outbreak investigations and consider methodological and practical difficulties. Methods: We reviewed published papers describing the use of consumer purchase datasets, where electronic data on the foods that case-patients had purchased before onset of symptoms were obtained and analysed as part of outbreak investigations. Results: For the period 2006–17, scientific articles were found describing 20 outbreak investigations. Most outbreaks involved salmonella or Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and were performed in eight different countries. The consumer purchase datasets were most frequently used to generate hypotheses about the outbreak vehicle where case-interviews had not been fruitful. Secondly, they were used to aid trace-back investigation, where a vehicle was already suspected. A number of methodological as well as (in some countries) legal and practical impediments exist. Conclusions: Several of the outbreaks were unlikely to have been solved without the use of consumer purchase datasets. The method is potentially powerful and with future improved access to big data purchase information, may become a widely applicable tool for outbreak investigations, enabling investigators to quickly find hypotheses and at the same time estimate odds ratios or relative risks hereof. We suggest using the term ‘consumer purchase data’ to refer to the approach in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of whole genome sequencing on the investigation of food-borne outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup O157:H7, England, 2013 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Jenkins ◽  
Timothy J Dallman ◽  
Kathie A Grant
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Evolutionary Context

We aim to provide insight and guidance on the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data for investigating food-borne outbreaks of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 in England between 2013 and 2017. Analysis of WGS data delivered an unprecedented level of strain discrimination when compared with multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis. The robustness of the WGS method ensured confidence in the microbiological identification of linked cases, even when epidemiological links were obscured. There was evidence that phylogeny derived from WGS data can be used to trace the geographical origin of an isolate. Further analysis of the phylogenetic data provided insight on the evolutionary context of emerging pathogenic strains. Publically available WGS data linked to the clinical, epidemiological and environmental context of the sequenced strain has improved trace back investigations during outbreaks. Expanding the use of WGS-based typing analysis globally will ensure the rapid implementation of interventions to protect public health, inform risk assessment and facilitate the management of national and international food-borne outbreaks of STEC O157:H7.

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