scholarly journals Persistence of S. typhimurium in a large dairy herd

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Giles ◽  
Sheilagh A. Hopper ◽  
C. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Times ◽  
Clinical Cases

SUMMARYSalmonella typhimurium 49a infection in a large dairy herd persisted for 3·5 years. Illness initially occurred in cows and calves but latterly although there were fewer clinical cases milk filters were culturally positive on 26 out of 73 samplings. Three associated human disease incidents occurred. Individual milk samples identified one cow as an excreter and the organism was recovered from the mammary gland of this animal at slaughter. Correlation between calving pattern, the times of calving and the occurrence of positive milk filters suggest that the cow may have been excreting the organism intermittently from the udder for 2·5 years.

CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF THE MAMMARY SECRETION OF COWS DURING THE INITIATION OF LACTATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. HARTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Abrupt Increase ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
Two Phases

SUMMARY Mammary secretion (1·2–2·0 ml) was collected from the milk sinus of each mammary gland (quarter) of two pregnant heifers and eight pregnant cows (dry period 49–229 days), first at weekly intervals from 40 days before parturition, then with increasing frequency as parturition approached. The progressive changes in the concentration of lactose, glucose, casein, non-casein protein and fat in the mammary secretion were determined. Calves were separated from the cows immediately after birth and the yield and composition of milk from individual quarters were determined for 5 days after parturition. Two quarters (milked quarters) of each of a further five cows were milked throughout pregnancy, while the other two quarters (unmilked quarters) of each cow were allowed to involute (dry off) 63– 104 days before parturition. Small samples (5–10 ml) of secretion were collected from the unmilked quarters, first at weekly intervals after drying off and then every second day from 10 to 15 days before parturition. On the days that the unmilked quarters were sampled, corresponding composite milk samples were collected from the milked quarters and the progressive changes in the yield of milk, lactose and fat were determined. The changes in the concentration of lactose and glucose in the mammary secretion, during drying off in late lactation, were determined in an additional five cows. In most cows allowed a usual dry period, and in the unmilked quarters of cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy, the concentration of lactose gradually increased from about 8 to 12 days before parturition to reach levels of about half those found in normal milk just before parturition. However, in some cows the concentration of lactose was low until 1–2 days before parturition and then increased abruptly, whereas in others the concentration of lactose increased slowly from as early as 32 days before parturition. A further rapid increase in the concentration of lactose in the mammary secretion occurred between 0 and 4 days before parturition in all cows. This latter increase was accompanied by an abrupt increase in the yield of milk, lactose and fat in the milked quarters of the cows in which two quarters were milked throughout pregnancy. These observations suggest that the initiation of lactation in the cow develops in two phases, a limited secretion of milk constituents occurs in late pregnancy and then 0–4 days before parturition copious secretion (lactogenesis) occurs.

Weekly excretion of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Hélène V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Flaxseed meal (FM) is rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone (EL) by ruminal microbiota. Feeding FM to dairy cows increases linearly EL concentration in milk but enterodiol is not detected. The objectives of the study were to determine the length of time to obtain peak EL concentration in the milk of dairy cows fed 20% FM and the length of time to return to EL baseline level in milk when cows are switched from high to low intake of flax SDG. A total of 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of two feeding regimens: the control (CO) diet was fed for 6 weeks or the FM diet was fed from week 0 to 3 inclusive and then cows were switched to the control diet from week 3 to 6 inclusive. Milk samples were taken weekly for EL analysis. There was a significant interaction between feeding regimen and week for milk concentration of EL as a result of higher concentration of EL from week 1 to 3 for cows on the FM regimen compared with those on the CO regimen. Concentrations of milk EL on the FM regimen maintained uniform high levels from week 1 to 3 and they decreased significantly from week 3 to 4 when the CO diet was reintroduced in week 3. This study suggests that the conversion of SDG to the mammalian lignan EL and the transfer of EL to the mammary gland are well established after one week of feeding 20% FM in the diet of dairy cows and that milk concentration of EL returns to baseline level after one week of FM deprivation.

scholarly journals Effects of intramammary infection on whey proteinograms of sheep during lactation

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia F. Lemos ◽  
Eduardo L.S. Guaraná ◽  
José A.B. Afonso ◽  
José J. Fagliari ◽  
Paulo C. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

The study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of mammary gland infection in Santa Inês sheep. Commercial flocks of sheep provided the same hygiene, sanitary, and nutritional management under semi-intensive production systems were monitored during the lactation stage-and assessed 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after delivery (through the end of lactation and weaning). The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on the mammary glands. Milk was collected for bacterial examination and protein analysis. Bacterial culture and biochemical characterization of the samples were performed. Forty-two milk samples from healthy glands (negative CMT and bacterial testing) and 43 milk samples from infected glands (positive CMT and bacterial testing) taken at the predefined time points were assessed. A rennin solution was used to obtain the whey. The proteins analysis was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which allowed for the quantification of nine whey proteins produced in healthy glands: serum albumin, lactoferrin, IgA, IgG heavy-chain (IgG HC), IgG light-chain (IgG LC), total IgG (IgG HC + IgG LC), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, protein with MW 15.000 Da, protein with MW 29.000 Da and eleven whey proteins secreted by infected glands, including haptoglobin and α-1-acid glycoprotein. A comparison of whey proteins between healthy and infected glands showed increases (P<0.05) in the secreted and total contents of all proteins, except for IgG LC and α-lactoalbumin. The most significant changes were observed in α-1-acid glycoprotein, lactoferrin and haptoglobin, which showed three-, five-, and seven-fold increases in secretion, respectively. This study showed that haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, lactoferrin, albumin, and the IgA and IgG immunoglobulins may serve as potential biomarkers for mammary gland infection in sheep.

scholarly journals Analysis of mammary gland according to results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings in secretion

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 359-367
Author(s):  
Nazif Varatanovic ◽  
Amela Katica ◽  
Tarik Mutevelic ◽  
Nadzida Mlaco ◽  
Edin Hamzic
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Health Control ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
One Year

Health control of the mammary gland was conducted comparing results of CMT (California Mastitis Test) and bacteriological findings of milk samples during one year. A total of 3863 secretion samples of mammary glands were collected. There were 85.3% matches for CMT and bacteriological findings. The most frequently isolated causative agents were: staphylococci (52.4%), streptococcus bacteria (23.5%), mixed infections (13.1%), and enterobacteria (10.3%). Secretions disorder and inflammations of mammary gland are most common for the warm period of the year, and very rare for the winter period. With permanent use of these two methods it is possible to obtain satisfactory results in order to get better milk production and health condition of the mammary gland. .

scholarly journals Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large outbreak of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- in schools associated with imported beef in Poitiers, France, October 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Raguenaud ◽  
S Le Hello ◽  
S Salah ◽  
F X Weill ◽  
A Brisabois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Digestive Symptom ◽  
School Meal ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Subsequent Withdrawal ◽  
Beef Burgers ◽  
Clinical Cases

An outbreak due to the emerging monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- occurred in four schools in Poitiers in October 2010. Food trace-back investigation led to the identification of beef burgers as the cause of the outbreak and their subsequent withdrawal. The Institute for Public Health Surveillance conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation to assess the extent of the outbreak and describe cases. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by students and personnel attending each of the four schools affected. Clinical cases were defined as anyone having eaten at the school when the beef burgers were served and reporting diarrhoea or fever with at least one digestive symptom (nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain), within five days after the incriminated school meal or with unknown date of onset within a 15-day period after the incriminated school meal. Of 1,559 persons exposed, 554 clinical cases were identified corresponding to an overall attack rate of 35.5%. Of 554 clinical cases, a total of 286 (53%) sought medical care and 31 (6%) were hospitalised for more than 24 hours. This multi-school outbreak is one of the biggest food-borne outbreaks of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium 4,5,12:i:- described in France. Prompt notification of cases and rapid identification and withdrawal of the incriminated batch of beef burgers was crucial to limit the extension of this outbreak.

Preservation and Storage Mechanisms for Raw Milk Samples for Use in Milk-Recording Schemes

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUMBERTO G. MONARDES ◽  
ROBERT K. MOORE ◽  
BRIAN CORRIGAN ◽  
YVON RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
And Storage

This study, carried out by the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service, compares (during summer conditions in Quebec) the performance of three types of preservatives for raw milk under four different systems of sample storage: no refrigeration, refrigeration at the laboratory only, refrigeration during transport and at the lab, and complete refrigeration from sampling at the farm to analysis. The objective was to determine the best preservative and storage conditions for protecting milk components during transportation and storage of raw milk samples collected at the farm and sent to a central testing lab for analysis. Milk samples were analyzed at day 3 and at day 7 after sampling to observe the effect of aging. A total of 12,480 samples were collected during the trial. The components studied were percentage of fat and protein and somatic cell count (SCC). In general, samples preserved with bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and 2-bromo-2-nitropropanol) in liquid or in microtab tended to give higher readings for fat and protein contents than samples preserved with potassium dichromate. Significantly lower fat values were observed in 7-day-old samples compared to 3-day-old samples. Fat depression was more accentuated in nonrefrigerated samples. Under current methods of handling raw milk samples, refrigeration during the whole process of sampling, transportation, and until analysis, seems an ideal to attain to avoid significant reductions of fat values.

Enzootic Bovine Leukemia: C-type Virus in a Cow with Acute Leukemia and in Cattle with Persistent Lymphocytosis from a Dairy Herd.

1975 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Rampichini ◽  
Fernando L. De Castro Portugal ◽  
Maurizio Severini ◽  
Domenico Rutili
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Acute Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Persistent Lymphocytosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lymphatic Leukemia ◽  
Hematologic Examination ◽  
Microscopy Examination

A case of acute lymphatic leukemia in a 7-month-pregnant Italian Friesian cow, aged about 6 years and belonging to a small dairy herd of 11 cows is described. Hematologic, histopatologic and ultrastructural examinations were performed, the ultrastructural studies were confined to the lymphnodes, thymus and buffy-coat cultures from peripheral blood. The remaining animals were subjected to hematologic examination and electron microscopy examination of buffy-coat cultures from peripheral blood. C-type particles were found in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-treated and untreated buffy-coat cultures from the leukemic cow and from the animals with persistent lymphocytosis. C-type particles were also found in milk samples from 3 cows with persistent lymphocytosis.

EFFECT OF THE COW'S BODY CONDITION AND STAGE OF LACTATION ON DEVELOPMENT OF MILK RANCIDITY1

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ortiz ◽  
E. M. Kesler ◽  
G. H. Watrous ◽  
W. H. Cloninger
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Times

An objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between body condition of the dairy cow and susceptibility of milk to rancidity. Initial milk samples were obtained from 166 cows in Spring, 1969, and all animals were retested after an interval of two months. Additional observations included the effects of stage of lactation, level of milk production, and herd effects. Each cow was evaluated for body condition, at the times when milk samples were obtained, by a method based on measures of weight and skeletal size and by a subjective scoring system. Spontaneous rancidity of the milk fat was allowed to develop upon storage for 48 hr; and induced rancidity was brought about by controlled agitation. As measured by acid degree values (ADV) the treatments imposed on the milk samples were successful in simulating development of spontaneous and induced lipolysis of the milk fat. However, the magnitude of the ADV was not related to body condition score. It is concluded that in well-fed herds, such as those used in this experiment, body condition of the cow does not influence the susceptibility of her milk to rancidity. These data may not apply under conditions of poor feeding and management. Advancing stage of lactation was associated with increases in both spontaneous and induced rancidity. This was indicated by positive correlations between days in milk and ADV, and by significantly higher values in the second sampling period than in the first. There was a negative correlation between the amount of milk produced and ADV. This may have been related to the decline in milk flow which accompanied advancing lactation. An unexplained herd difference existed with respect to the susceptibility of milk to induced rancidity.

scholarly journals The Mastitis Pathogens Culture Collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dufour ◽  
Josée Labrie ◽  
Mario Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The Mastitis Pathogen Culture Collection contains more than 16,000 mastitis-causing bacterial isolates from milk samples taken from cow quarters and bulk tanks in a national cohort of 91 dairy farms across Canada over a period of 2 years. These isolates are linked to demographic and production data that were recorded at the mammary gland, cow, and farm levels.

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