scholarly journals Hayes & Quinn’s TRIMP Concurrent Validity for Cycling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Manuel Moya Ramon ◽  
Alejandro Javaloyes Torres ◽  
Jose Manuel Sarabia
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Individual Training

PURPOSE:Quantification models aim to accurately reflect the magnitude of the training stress imposed to the athlete, especially in sports with high training volumes, such as road cycling. The aim of this study was to explore the concurrent validity of a new whole-body bioenergetic TRIMP model (Hayes & Quinn, 2009) correlating the obtained training load scores in road cycling with other commonly used models (the Banister TRIMP, the sRPE model and Training Stress Score (TSS)). METHOD:After three weeks of familiarization with procedures and the performed test to determine VO2max, critical power (Pcrit), anaerobic work capacity (AWC) and Maximal Power Output (Pmax), 12 well-trained road cyclists performed 8 weeks of individual training to record their individual training data (duration, heart rate, power output and rate of perceived effort (RPE)). Different Pearson’s correlation was performed to assess the relationship between models and the changes in fitness. RESULTS: A very large correlation was found between Hayes & Quinn’s TRIMP and RPE session (r = 0.90; p < 0.001) and TSS (r = 0.88; p < 0.01) and a moderate correlation was found with Banister’s TRIMP (r = 0.64; p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between changes in fitness and Hayes & Quinn’s TRIMP. CONCLUSION:According to these findings, Hayes & Quinn´s TRIMPis a promising mathematical model based on an individual´s bioenergetic profile that could be used to quantify training load in road cycling. This research increases our knowledge about training load models that use power output to measure intensity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Training Load on Hematological Athlete Biological Passport Variables in Elite Cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Astolfi ◽  
Fabienne Crettaz von Roten ◽  
Bengt Kayser ◽  
Martial Saugy ◽  
Raphael Faiss
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Biological Passport ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Elite Cyclists ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Chronic Training

The hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is used in elite sport for antidoping purposes. Its aim is to better target athletes for testing and to indirectly detect blood doping. The ABP allows to monitor hematological variations in athletes using selected primary blood biomarkers [hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and reticulocyte percentage (Ret%)] with an adaptive Bayesian model to set individual upper and lower limits. If values fall outside the individual limits, an athlete may be further targeted and ultimately sanctioned. Since (Hb) varies with plasma volume (PV) fluctuations, possibly caused by training load changes, we investigated the putative influence of acute and chronic training load changes on the ABP variables. Monthly blood samples were collected over one year in 10 male elite cyclists (25.6 ± 3.4 years, 181 ± 4 cm, 71.3 ± 4.9 kg, 6.7 ± 0.8 W.kg−1 5-min maximal power output) to calculate individual ABP profiles and monitor hematological variables. Total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and PV were additionally measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Acute and chronic training loads–respectively 5 and 42 days before sampling–were calculated considering duration and intensity (training stress score, TSSTM). (Hb) averaged 14.2 ± 0.0 (mean ± SD) g.dL−1 (range: 13.3–15.5 g·dl−1) over the study with significant changes over time (P = 0.004). Hbmass was 1030 ± 87 g (range: 842–1116 g) with no significant variations over time (P = 0.118), whereas PV was 4309 ± 350 mL (range: 3,688–4,751 mL) with a time-effect observed over the study time (P = 0.014). Higher acute–but not chronic—training loads were associated with significantly decreased (Hb) (P &lt;0.001). Although individual hematological variations were observed, all ABP variables remained within the individually calculated limits. Our results support that acute training load variations significantly affect (Hb), likely due to short-term PV fluctuations, underlining the importance of considering training load when interpreting individual ABP variations for anti-doping purposes.

scholarly journals The influence of training load on hematological Athlete Biological Passport variables in elite cyclists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astolfi Tiffany ◽  
Crettaz von Roten Fabienne ◽  
Kayser Bengt ◽  
Saugy Martial ◽  
Faiss Raphael
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Biological Passport ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Elite Cyclists ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Chronic Training

AbstractThe hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is used in elite sport for antidoping purposes. Its aim is to better target athletes for testing and to indirectly detect blood doping. The ABP allows to monitor hematological variations in athletes using selected primary blood biomarkers (hemoglobin concentration ([Hb] and reticulocyte percentage (Ret%)) with an adaptive Bayesian model to set individual upper and lower limits. If values fall without the individual limits, an athlete may be further targeted and ultimately sanctioned.Since [Hb] and Ret% vary with plasma volume (PV) fluctuations, possibly caused by training load changes, we investigated the putative influence of acute and chronic training load changes on the ABP variables.Monthly blood samples were collected over one year in 10 elite cyclists (25.6 ± 3.4 yrs, 181 ± 4 cm, 71.3 ± 4.9 kg, 6.7 ± 0.8 W.kg-1 5-min maximal power output) to calculate individual ABP profiles and monitor hematological variables. Total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and PV were additionally measured by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Acute and chronic training loads – respectively 5 and 42 days before sampling – were calculated considering duration and intensity (training stress score, TSS™).[Hb] averaged 14.2 ± 0.0 (mean ± SD) g.dL-1 (range: 13.3 to 15.5 g·dl-1) over the study with significant changes over time (P = 0.004). Hbmass was 1’030 ± 87 g (range: 842 to 1116 g) with no significant variations over time (P = 0.118), whereas PV was 4309 ± 350 mL (range: 3688 to 4751 mL) with a time-effect observed over the study time (P = 0.014). Higher acute – but not chronic – training loads were associated with significantly decreased [Hb] (P <0.001). Although individual hematological variations were observed, all ABP variables remained within the individually calculated limits.Our results support that acute training load variations significantly affect [Hb], likely due to short-term PV fluctuations, underlining the importance of considering training load when interpreting individual ABP variations for anti-doping purposes.

Clinical Update: Functional Capacity Evaluations and Disability

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Glenn Pransky
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Functional Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Job Tasks ◽  
Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract According to the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) measures an individual's physical abilities via a set of activities in a structured setting and provides objective data about the relationship between an impairment and maximal ability to perform work activities. A key distinction between FCEs and self-reported activities of daily living is that the former involve direct observation by professional evaluators. Numerous devices can quantify the physical function of a specific part of the musculoskeletal system but do not address the performance of whole body tasks in the workplace, and these devices have not been shown to predict accurately the ability to perform all but the simplest job tasks. Information about reliability has been proposed as a way to identify magnification and malingering, but variability due to pain and poor comprehension of instructions may cause variations in assessments. Structured work capacity evaluations involve a set of activities but likely underestimate the individual's ability to do jobs that involve complex or varying activities. Job simulations involve direct observation of an individual performing actual job tasks, require a skilled and experienced evaluator, and raise questions about expense, time, objectivity and validity of results, and interpretation of results in terms of the ability to perform specific jobs. To understand the barriers to return to work, examiners must supplement FCEs with information regarding workplace environment, accommodations, and demotivators.

Power output and fatigue of human muscle in maximal cycling exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McCartney ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output

We studied maximal torque-velocity relationships and fatigue during short-term maximal exercise on a constant velocity cycle ergometer in 13 healthy male subjects. Maximum torque showed an inverse linear relationship to crank velocity between 60 and 160 rpm, and a direct relationship to thigh muscle volume measured by computerized tomography. Peak torque per liter thigh muscle volume (PT, N X ml-1) was related to crank velocity (CV, rpm) in the following equation: PT = 61.7 - 0.234 CV (r = 0.99). Peak power output was a parabolic function of crank velocity in individual subjects, but maximal power output was achieved at varying crank velocities in different subjects. Fiber type distribution was measured in the two subjects showing the greatest differences and demonstrated that a high proportion of type II fibers may be one factor associated with a high crank velocity for maximal power output. The decline in average power during 30 s of maximal effort was least at 60 rpm (23.7 +/- 4.6% of initial maximal power) and greatest at 140 rpm (58.7 +/- 6.5%). At 60 rpm the decline in power over 30 s was inversely related to maximal oxygen uptake (ml X min-1 X kg-1) (r = 0.69). Total work performed and plasma lactate concentration 3 min after completion of 30-s maximum effort were similar for each crank velocity.

Climbing Performance in U23 and Professional Cyclists during a Multi-stage Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leo ◽  
James Spragg ◽  
Dieter Simon ◽  
Justin Lawley ◽  
Iñigo Mujika
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Ascent Velocity ◽  
Race Performance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze climbing performance across two editions of a professional multistage race, and assess the influence of climb category, prior workload, and intensity measures on climbing performance in U23 and professional cyclists. Nine U23 cyclists (age 20.8±0.9 years) and 8 professional cyclists (28.1±3.2 years) participated in this study. Data were divided into four types: overall race performance, climb category, climbing performance metrics (power output, ascent velocity, speed), and workload and intensity measures. Differences in performance metrics and workload and intensity measures between groups were investigated. Power output, ascent velocity, speed were higher in professionals than U23 cyclists for Cat 1 and Cat 2 (p≤0.001–0.016). Workload and intensity measures (Worktotal, Worktotal∙km-1, Elevationgain, eTRIMP and eTRIMP∙km-1) were higher in U23 compared to professionals (p=0.002–0.014). Climbing performance metrics were significantly predicted by prior workload and intensity measures for Cat 1 and 2 (R2=0.27–0.89, p≤0.001–0.030) but not Cat 3. These findings reveal that climbing performance in professional road cycling is influenced by climb categorization as well as prior workload and intensity measures. Combined, these findings suggest that Cat 1 and 2 climbing performance could be predicted from workload and intensity measures.

Physical Demands and Performance Indicators in Male Professional Cyclists During a Grand Tour: WorldTour Versus ProTeam Category

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xabier Muriel ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Manuel Mateo-March ◽  
Jesús G. Pallarés ◽  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Grand Tour ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
Stress Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Training Stress

Purpose: To compare the physical demands and performance indicators of male professional cyclists of 2 different categories (Union Cycliste Internationale WorldTour [WT] and ProTeam [PT]) during a cycling grand tour. Methods: A WT team (n = 8, 31.4 [5.4] y) and a PT team (n = 7, 26.9 [3.3] y) that completed “La Vuelta 2020” volunteered to participate. Participants’ power output (PO) was registered, and measures of physical demand and physiological performance (kilojoules spent, training stress score, time spent at different PO bands/zones, and mean maximal PO [MMP] for different exertion durations) were computed. Results: WT achieved a higher final individual position than PT (31 [interquartile range = 33] vs 71 [59], P = .004). WT cyclists showed higher mean PO and kilojoule values than their PT peers and spent more time at high-intensity PO values (>5.25 W·kg−1) and zones (91%–120% of individualized functional threshold power) (Ps < .05). Although no differences were found for MMP values in the overall analysis (P > .05), subanalyses revealed that the between-groups gap increased through the race, with WT cyclists reaching higher MMP values for ≥5-minute efforts in the second and third weeks (Ps < .05). Conclusions: Despite the multifactorial nature of cycling performance, WT cyclists spend more time at high intensities and show higher kilojoules and mean PO than their PT referents during a grand tour. Although the highest MMP values attained during the whole race might not differentiate between WT and PT cyclists, the former achieve higher MMP values as the race progresses.

scholarly journals Aerobic efficiency is associated with the improvement in maximal power output during acute hyperoxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e13119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Manselin ◽  
Olof Södergård ◽  
Filip J. Larsen ◽  
Peter Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output

Effect of inspired O2 concentration on leg lactate release during incremental exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knight ◽  
D. C. Poole ◽  
M. C. Hogan ◽  
D. E. Bebout ◽  
P. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation

The normal rate of blood lactate accumulation during exercise is increased by hypoxia and decreased by hyperoxia. It is not known whether these changes are primarily determined by the lactate release in locomotory muscles or other tissues. Eleven men performed cycle exercise at 20, 35, 50, 92, and 100% of maximal power output while breathing 12, 21, and 100% O2. Leg lactate release was calculated at each stage of exercise as the product of femoral venous blood flow (thermodilution method) and femoral arteriovenous difference in blood lactate concentrations. Regression analysis showed that leg lactate release accounted for 90% of the variability in mean arterial lactate concentration at 20-92% maximal power output. This relationship was described by a regression line with a slope of 0.28 +/- 0.02 min/l and a y-intercept of 1.06 +/- 0.38 mmol/l (r2 = 0.90). There was no effect of inspired O2 concentration on this relationship (P > 0.05). We conclude that during continuous incremental exercise to fatigue the effect of inspired O2 concentration on blood lactate accumulation is principally determined by the rate of net lactate release in blood vessels of the locomotory muscles.

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